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1、Reading,A visit to the Zhoukoudian caves,Who are they?,primitive people,Making a guess:Where is it?,Zhoukoudian is a relic（遗迹）of primitive culture,48 kilometers southwest of downtown Beijing,where Longgushan(dragon skeleton mountain)is standing.Several decades ago,local farmers mined,Tell what you h
2、ave known about Zhoukoudian Caves.,lime-stone（石灰石）in Zhoukoudian,came upon some bone fossils（化石）and called them“the Dragon Bones”（龙骨）.Zhoukoudian became known as“Dragon Bone Mountain”.Drugstores purchased the bones as a medical ingredient（药材）.The news about the“magic bones”drew attention of scientis
3、ts.,In 1929 these lime-stone caves became world famous with the discovery of a skull（头盖骨）and two teeth dating back 200,000 to 500,000 years.They were named Peking Man.But the fossils were lost during World War II.Many of the implements（工具）used by those early humans,and bones of animals they hunted a
4、re on display at a museum near the site of the discovery.,With the steadily（稳定地）increased number of visitors from all over the world,Zhoukoudian has become a scenic spot（景点）of Beijing.Now read the dialogue aloud please.,Tell the 3 topics that the archaeologist talked about.,Skimming,the life of the
5、primitive people,the needle,the necklace,1.Why have the English students come to the Zhoukoudian caves?2.Where did early people live?3.How did they keep warm?4.What did they use for doors?5.What did they eat?6.What animals were their most dangerous enemies?7.What did the earliest people use fire for
6、?,I.Answer the following questions after a careful reading.,1.Why have the English students come to the Zhoukoudian caves?,The students want to find out about how early people lived.There are no such sites in England while the Zhoukoudian caves provide an excellent example of a site where early peop
7、le lived.,2.Where did early people live?,Early people lived in caves.,3.How did they keep warm?,They constructed the fires in the center of the caves to keep them warm.They might have kept fires burning all winter.They hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold.,4.What did they use for
8、 doors?,The archaeologist thinks they may have used animal skins.,5.What did they eat?,They ate animal meat,such as tigers and bears,and fish from the lake nearby.They also picked fruit when it was ripe.,6.What animals were their most dangerous enemies?,Tigers and bears were their most dangerous ene
9、mies.,7.What did the earliest people use fire for?,They used fire to keep them warm,cook the food and scare the wild beasts away.,1.alternative n替换物 adj可替代的 例1.There are some alternatives to our plan.有几种方案可以代替我们的计划。例2.He had no alternative but to go there alone.他别无选择,只好一个人去那儿。例3.If you dont like the
10、 school lunch,you have the alternative of bringing your own.要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐，你可以自己带饭。,Explanation,2.（教材原句）You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.想必你们知道,正是在这儿我们找到了居住在世界这个部分最早人类的证据。,must是作为情态动词表示肯定推测,译作“一 定,肯定”。只用于肯定推测。1）对
11、现在或将来事实推测，用“must do”；2）对正发生或进行的事进行推测,用“must be doing”；3）对过去的事进行推测,用“must have done”。,例1.You must be hungry after a long walk 走了很长的路,你一定很饿。例2.The light is on.He must be doing his homeworknow 灯亮着,他一定正在做作业。例3.The ground is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨晚一定下雨了。,此时,应注意反意疑问句的构成。如果句中有表示过去的时间状语,反
12、意疑问句用“didnt+主语”;如果句中无表示过去的时间状语,反义疑问句用“havent/hasnt+主语”。He must have arrived here last night,didnt he?他一定昨晚就来这儿了,不是吗?He must have arrived here,hasnt he?他一定来这儿了,不是吗?,3.aware adj意识到的,知道的。通常用作表语。We should be aware that a lot of animals are becoming endangered 我们必须清楚地认识到许多动物正濒临灭绝的危险。be aware of sth.知道；意识
13、到 Though most smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking,they wont given up.,4.Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?很抱歉打扰你,我想问问他们是怎么在这里生活的？,句型“Im sorry.but.”是口语中委婉的表达,“but”表示语义上的转折。Are you free this weekend?Im sorry,but l have lots of work to do,interrupt v.打扰，打断，阻碍。常有“使停止(中断)”的意思
14、。His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.disturb v.打扰,妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.,区别:interrupt 和disturb,2)打岔;插嘴It is rude to interrupt.“Dont interrupt,”he said.,1)阻断,中断His studies were interrupted by the warDont interrupt him,for he hasnt finished yet.,5.We have fo
15、und human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects.我们在山的比较高的洞穴里发现了动物和人类的骨头以及工具和其他物品。as well as 1)conj.as well as 可以用来连接两个相同的成分,如名词,形容词,动词,介词,通常不位于句首。意为“不但.而且”。,2)prep.相当于besides,in addition to，意为“除.之外”,后面通常接名词或动词。As well as eating five course meals,they d
16、rank two bottles of wine.,She sings as well as play the piano.Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.,6.So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless of the cold 因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷住在这些洞穴里。,assume vt.1)to think that something is true although you have no proof o
17、f it 假定：设想 The scientists assume that there are no animals on the moon 科学家设想月球上没有动物。,2)to pretend 装作 She assumed a look of surprise 她装出一副吃惊的样子。regardless of prep.1)without being affected by different situations,problems,etc.不管;不顾 He climbed the building,regardless of the danger 不管有多危险,他还是爬上了大厦。,2)in
18、 spite of We will persevere regardless of past failures.尽管以前我们失败过,但仍要坚持下去。,7.It seems that they might have used sharpened stone tools to cut up the animals and remove their skin.考点 might have done是“情态动词+have done”，表示对过去情况的推测。此外，“must/can/could/may+have done”也表示对过去发生的事情或情况的推测。,考例 Where is my dictiona
19、ry?I remember I put it here yesterday.You _ it in the wrong place.(江西07)A.must put B.should have put C.might put D.might have put 点拨 根据时间状语yesterday可知是对过去情况的推测，排除A、C;根据句意“你可能是放错了地方”选D。B项中的should have done 表示“本应该做某事,但实际上未做”。,2)in spite of We will persevere regardless of past failures.尽管以前我们失败过,但仍要坚持下
20、去。,8.That would have kept them warm,cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.他们用这火取暖、做饭,还能用火吓跑野兽。,1)would 表示猜测,译为“想必”、“肯定会”。,2)keep them warm为keep+宾语+宾语补足语的结构意为“使.处于某种状态（情况）”。用作宾语补足语常见的词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。He kept me waiting for half an hour.Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.,9.
21、We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick,which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰,几乎有六米厚,这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。,a.“have been excavating”是现在完成进行时,表示从过去开始一直延续到现在,强调动作的继续。I have been looking for my lost book for three days,but I still havent foun
22、d it 我已经找了三天我丢的书,但仍没找到。,b.句中“which”用来引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为其前的句子。c.suggest vt.to make evident indirectly;imply 意为“暗示,意味,表明”Her pale face suggests that she was ill.她苍白的脸色表明她病了。The handwriting of the letter suggests that the letter might be from a lady 从书信的字体上看,写信人是一位女性。,A silence that suggested disapproval.
23、沉默暗示着反对。His face suggest she is happy now 从他脸上能看出他现在很幸福。His bad manners suggest a lack of family education他的无礼反映了他缺乏家教。,但当suggest作“建议”讲时,其用法为:(+doing)I suggest her going home at once 我建议她马上回家。+(that)should do,I suggested(that)she(should)go home at once我建议她要马上回家。,-How do you _we go to Beijing for our
24、 holidays?-I think wed better fly there.Its much more comfortable.A.insist B.wantC.suppose D.suggest,A:你姐姐上哪儿去了?聚会时我没见到她。B:她可能和朋友游泳去了。,d.might have doneA:Where was your sister?I didnt see her at the partyB:She might have gone swimming with some friends,10.Yes and so well preserved还保存得如此完好。这是省略的句子,完整
25、句应是:and it is so well preserved(it指necklace),考点 preserve保存；保持。考例 At minus 130,a living cell can be _ for a thousand years.(上海2007)A.spared B.protected C.preserved D.developed 点拨 此句意为“在零下130摄氏度，一个活细胞可以保持一千年的时间”。spare抽出;protect保护;develop 发展。,11.Yes,indeed,as the botanical analyses have shown us,all th
26、e fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake 确实,正如植物学分析具体显示给我们的那样,附近所有的土地都曾是大型浅湖的一部分。,a.as引导的非限制性定语从句常译作“正如 那样”。As the proverb goes,“The enemy in disguise is just like the wolf in sheeps clothing.”正如谚语所说的那样,伪装的敌人就像是披着羊皮的狼。,b.part 前无 adj.修饰时为不可数名词,前面不用冠词；其前有adj.修饰时为可数名词，要用冠词。The blues
27、 has been part of African American culture since then and it is still an important part of American culture 自从那以后布鲁斯就已经是非美文化的一部分,而且现在仍是美国文化的重要部分。,Do you think it is important for us to know about them?Why?Zhoukoudian Caves were formally inscribed(记入)on the“World Heritage List”in December 1987 at the
28、 eleventh session of UNESCO World Heritage Committee.The inscription,Summary,of the Peking Man Site on the World Heritage List confirms the exceptional and universal value of the cultural site,which requires protection for the benefit of all humanity.The site is therefore not only of China,but also of the world as a whole.,1)Go over the text.2)Write a brief introduction to the Zhoukoudian Caves.3)Preview“the present perfect continuous tense”.,Homework,
