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1、,Unit 3 A taste of English humourGrammar,动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾补,动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾补一、动词-ing形式作表语动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般的行为,现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。我们最大的幸福是为人民服务。Our greatest happiness is serving the people.(动名词)我们的任务是建设社会主义。Our task is building socialism.(动名词),我们昨晚看的电影十分动人。The film we saw last night is quite moving.(现
2、在分词)他的话很鼓舞人。His words are encouraging.(现在分词),常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。全析提示:(1)动名词作表语和主语是等值关系,两者有时可以互换,句子意思不变;动名词后面可以接宾语、状语。(2)现在分词作表语和主语不是对等关系,现在分词后面不能接宾语,但它前面可以有修饰性的副词,如very,rather等。,二、动词-ing形式作定语动名词作定
3、语用来说明该名词的用途,不表示名词本身的动作;现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系,即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。我们必须改进工作方法。We must improve our working method.(动名词)他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。They set up an operating table in a small temple.(动名词),中国是发展中国家。China is a developing country.(现在分词)正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。The student making the experiment is our monitor.(现在
4、分词),全析提示:动名词短语不能作定语,单个的动名词可以用作定语,但仅作前置定语。如 working method=method for working 工作方法2.单个分词和分词短语都可作定语,单个分词一般作前置定语,分词短语则作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。如:the man visiting Japan=the man who is visiting Japan 访日的那个人。,三、动词-ing形式作宾补 动名词不能作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补表示的是正在发生的动作。例如:我看见他正在上楼。I saw him going upstairs.我们看着她在过大街。We watched her
5、 crossing the street.我们听见她在房间里唱歌。We heard her singing in her room。,全析提示:接现在分析作宾语补足语的动词有feel,hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,observe,notice,find,smell,set,have,keep,start,leave,get catch等。,2.Mr Smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring解
6、析:此题考查现在分词与过去分词的区别。tired,moved,interested excited等过去分词叙述的是人的本身感受;tiring,moving,interesting,exciting等现在分词叙述的是某一物或事情给予人的感受。句意为“史密斯先生对这个令人厌烦的讲话感受厌倦了,所以开始读起一本小说来”。,1.The _ boy was last seen _ near the bank of the lake.missing;playing B.missing;play C.missed;played D.missed;to play解析:missing是形容词,作boy的定语,
7、意思是“失踪的”。was last seen playing表示被看见时正在玩。,高考链接,3.When we watched the national flag _ in the Olympic Games on TV,we raised a cheer.A.rise B.being risen C.raised D.being raised解析:本题考查分词作补语,rise是不及物动词,先排除A、B两项,国旗是被人们升起的,应该用分词的被动形式,句意为:当看到电视中奥林匹克运动会上国旗正在被升起时,我们欢呼起来。,4.He was in hospital for six months.He
8、 felt as if he was _ from the outside world.cut out B.cut off C.cut up D.cut through解析:cut out的意思是“切下;删除”。cut off意思是“切断;使(人、城镇)孤立”。cut up的意思是“切碎”。cut through的意思是“穿越”。本句的意思是:他住院六个月感到似乎与外界隔绝了。,5.We sat there,_with what we listened to.satisfying B.to satisfy C.contented D.content解析:本题考查动词用法。satisfied表示
9、“感到满意的”,把A、B两项排除;content既是形容词,又是动词,be content with对满足。,6.The boy burst into tears _ he saw his mother.direct B.direction C.directly D.directly when解析:本题考查direct的用法,作动词时表示“导演;指示”;作副词时表示“径直地;直接地”,作形容词时是“直接的”;而directly表示“一就”,相当于as soon as.,Homework,Make use of different learning resources to summarize the rule of v-ing forms.,