《初中英语书面表达教学技能的研究与实践.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中英语书面表达教学技能的研究与实践.ppt（105页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、1,初中英语书面表达教学技能研究与实践,2,课程标准五级对写的要求,3,1、能根据写的要求，收集、准备素材；2、能独立起草短文、短信，并在教师的指导下进行修改；3、能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系；4、能简单描述人物和事件；5、能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明；,4,中考书面表达命题特点,5,书面表达试题是中考中用来考查考生用英语以书面的形式来传递信息进行交际的能力 主要内容：1、家庭、朋友与周围的人 2、日常生活 3、兴趣与爱好 4、文体活动 5、健康 6、天气 7、节假日 8、旅游与交通 9、食品与饮料 10、服饰 11、文化习俗 12、世界与环境 13、教育 14、科普知
2、识 15、著名人物 16、职业。,6,中考中书面表达的基本题型分三类：看图填词题、看图写话题和提示写作题。（一）看图填词题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文或一则对话中若干个词择出并提供相关的图画，要求考生根据画面的内容填写文中所缺的关键词。图画的作用是帮助考生形象地了解短文、对话的大意，补充说明其中的某些细节。根据画面提供的信息，考生应在已给出的文字部分的空白处填入适当的词，使其表达的意思与图画内容相符，而且做到语法结构正确，上下文意思连贯、顺理成章。,7,（二）看图写话题：该题型的特点是根据试题提供的一组（或一幅）图画及若干英语词语的提示（或不提供任何提示词），要求考生根据画面内容，写出若干句内容
3、符合语境、意思连贯、语法正确的句子。考生必须首先认真审图，抓住图中所表达的中心内容，构思出一个完整的故事或语段，然后确定选用的表达句型，再通过精心选词对逐图进行描述，写出一段意思完整、紧扣图示情景的话。这类试题涉及的内容一般和初中学生日常学习生活紧密相连。,8,（三）提示写作题 该题型的特点是根据中、英文提示词语（包括图表）的提示，要求考生用英文完成书面表达任务。考生必须根据提示词语所限定的条件，先确定所写的文体和格式，再根据提示词语叙述的内容，确定所要表达的要点，最后运用自己所掌握的句型和词语知识，写出一篇上下连贯通顺、符合提示要求的短文。这类试题经常考查的是根据提示词语写通知、便条、电话记
4、录、日记书信等，以检查考生是否掌握所学文体的基本格式。,9,常见初中英语书面表达训练方法,10,方法一 阅读教学中的对学生进行有效的书面表达训练,11,在英语阅读教学中必须将以教师为中心的“讲解式”转向以学生为主体的“任务式”，让学生成为阅读实践的主角，并使阅读活动有明显的目标、具体的操作要求、方法和步骤。阅读任务的设计：任务1.学生以小组为单位，找出影响理解文章的生词，然后根据上下文语境用英语解释这些词。,12,任务2.教师根据文章内容，设计5个W的问题，要求学生快速阅读并给出答案，以检查学生的理解情况。任务3.学生以小组为单位概括文章要点。任务4.故事重组。从初中学生英语实际水平出发，选择
5、两篇内容不同的文章，把两篇文章的各个段落顺序打乱，整合为一篇文章。让学生经过认真阅读和思考，把文章恢复成以前的原文。,13,任务5.扩充故事。以My favourite.为题，让学生通过对文章中人物的再创造和所了解情况的更详细描写，故事经过他们的重新加工，更加具体、生动、详细，可读性更强，就像人物传记一样。学生写起来会很有兴趣，阅读和写作欲望被调动。,14,任务6.模仿写作。选取一些题目，如：The sun rises every day.Is the Internet dangerous?让学生练习写作，写自己的所思所想，然后和范文对照分析，优点在什么地方，差距有哪些。教师要及时做好点评和指
6、导。,15,任务7.交流分享。每一节课前3分钟，让同学挑选他自己感兴趣的文章，读给阅读小组的同学听，英语水平较好的学生用自己的语言复述所选文章，并发表读后感。任务8.共同讨论。选择一些学生关注和感兴趣的话题让学生用英语展开热烈的讨论。,16,做好读报笔记 学好英语必须有一定量的语言积累。因此，要求学生做好读报笔记，笔记内容包括：读报时间、报纸期数、出版日期、文章题目、文章内容简介、作者观点、自己感兴趣的词语和有用句型，最后写上自己的感想。要求学生按照话题做分类笔记，包括新闻时事类和科技知识类等等。,17,方法二用教材中所学的单词或词组造句,18,造句是以单个的词或词组为主干，组词成句、连词成句
7、、写简单句、由短句到长句、由简单句到复合句，这样不断地给词干注入血和肉，使之成为一个有血有肉的逐渐丰满的句子。例如：go 就可扩展出下列词组和句子：词组：go home 回家；go shopping买东西；go to the cinema看电影等。,19,句子：He goes home every Sunday.Her mother goes shopping on Saturdays.She goes to the cinema on Saturday evening.随着所学语言的增加，学生逐步学 会了造出下列句子：,20,They went home last Sunday.They d
8、idnt go home last Sunday.My mother is going shopping now.Yesterday she went to the cinema after school.最后，学生又会造出更加复杂的句子：,21,Next Sunday,I will go home to see my grandmother.When you go shopping,please get me some ink.Last Saturday evening,she didnt go to the cinema until she finished her homework.,2
9、2,方法三 扩句/补全句子 由词组、句，构成句链，再扩句成段。,23,Go for a picnic!Go for a picnic with me!Go for a picnic with me on the beach!Go for a picnic with me on the beach tomorrow!If you are free,go for a picnic with me on the beach tomorrow!,24,Hes swimming.Hes swimming in the river.Hes swimming in the river with Tim.He
10、s swimming in the river with Tim at the moment.,25,Wheres the watch?Wheres the watch I put in my bag?Wheres the watch I put in my bag to take to the shop?Wheres the watch I put in my bag to take to the shop because it had stopped?,26,He searched and searched.He searched and searched for the bird.He
11、searched and searched for the bird he heard.He searched and searched for the bird he heard in the church.,27,He sells books.He sells the most popular books.He sells the most popular books at the school gate.He sells the most popular books at the school gate once a week.,28,方法四应用听写训练书面表达,29,听写是一种综合性较
12、强的练习形式，融听、读、写为一体，学生通过大量的阅读，摄入大量的语言信息，教师以学生所摄入的语言信息为基点，结合与学生的学习、生活相关的话题，编成短文让学生听写。如上文所提到的Jims family,my friend，Jim等话题。诸如此类的话题还有My classmate,My class,My teacher,My school,My parents等等。,30,教师可根据学生的实际水平，逐渐增加听力材料的难度和词数，由3050个词到6080个词，再到100个词左右，听写时的语速也是由慢到快，逐步趋向正常语速。此种训练方式，既可提高学生的听力，同时也是巩固其所学知识、检查其阅读能力，培养
13、其写作能力的有效的练习形式。,31,方法五汉译英,32,从初一开始，教师就应在每个单元的巩固、复习阶段适量地安排一点汉英翻译练习，让学生了解汉英句子的结构差异，让学生逐步掌握英汉对译的方法。,33,当学生知道并习惯使用have a lesson表示“上课”而非“有课”，make a mistake表示“犯错误”或“出差错”而非“制造错误”，give me a hand表示“帮我一把”而非“给我一只手”等词语表达正确的意思时，学生的翻译水平就上了一个台阶，也为写作打下了坚实的习语基础，学生练写作时就不会总是干巴巴、直筒筒地根据字面意思直译了。,34,方法六分主题进行有效训练,35,一、主题引入：
14、谈论个人爱好 本话题要求学会：1)表达自己的爱好。2)学会询问他人的爱好。3)表达自己爱好某一类东西的理由。4)学会合理制订自己活动计划。,36,二、句型入手 1）本话题常用句型：1.Do you want to?Yes,I do./No,I dont.2.Does he/she want to?Yes,he/she does./No,he/she doesnt.3.What kind of movie do you like?I like 4.Whats your/her/his favourite subject?My/His/Her favourite subject is 5.Why
15、do you like?Because its 6.Why does he/she like?Because its,37,2）本话题重点词汇 favourite,want,subject,because,action movie,romance,thriller,comedy,fun,great,scary,funny,exciting,sad,why 三、写作上手 范例 Model 1 A:Do you want to go to the lecture,Mary?B:Yes,that sounds good.A:What kind of lecture do you like?,38,B
16、:A lecture on English.A:What about you,John?B:I like it,too.A:When do we have it?B:On Monday afternoon.Model 2 A:Whats your favourite subject,Li Ming?B:Oh,history!A:Why do you like history?,39,B:I like it because its very interesting.A:When do you have history lesson?B:On Friday afternoon.What about
17、 you,John?A:I like English.B:Why do you like it?A:Because its so fun.四、写作练习（1）阅读下列表格，编写对话。,40,41,（2）用下列所给的中文提示写一篇50个词左右的短文。李明非常喜欢京剧，他经常与他的母亲一起去看京剧，他不经常看电影，他认为看京剧可以学到许多东西，尤其能更好地了解中国的历史。,42,方法七背诵范文,43,一、Great changes in my hometown二、Save the earth三、Improve our environment四、Pollution around us五、Make ou
18、r world more beautiful!六、Keep our school clean,44,七、My country life八、How to learn English well九、How I learn English十、How I improved my English十一、The importance of English十二、I want to be an inventor十三、I want to be a tour guide,45,十四、I like the Internet十五、The Internet十六、Computer十七、The importance of wa
19、ter十八、Water十九、I like sports二十、Introduce yourself二十一、My best friend,46,方法八学生习作,47,学校生活（The School Life）I.参考范文 例一：以“Jacks Sunday”为题，用英语写一篇小短文，介绍Jack的星期天是怎么度过的。(首句已给出，所提示的单词必须全部用上)A.get up,6:45,8:00;B.wash his face;7:00,8:15;C.have breakfast,7:15,8:00;D.play basketball with his classmates on the playgr
20、ound,play football with his friends in the football fields,5:00;E.have supper,6:00,7:00,48,Jacks Sunday It is Sunday today.Jack usually gets up at 6:45 in the morning.But today he is still getting up at 8:00.He usually washes his face at 7:00 in the morning.But today he is still washing his face at
21、8:15 in the morning.He usually has breakfast at 7:15 in the morning.But today he is still having breakfast at 8:00 in the morning.He usually plays basketball with his classmates on the playground at 5:00 in the afternoon.But today he is playing football with his friends in the football fields at 5:0
22、0 in the afternoon.He usually has supper at 6:00 in the evening.But today he is having supper at 7:00 in the evening.,49,点评:本文是按照时间的顺序来描述杰克星期天一天的生活，基本上达到用词恰当和表达准确到位。（一）短文用到的主要时间状语有：in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening通过这些时间状语，使故事的情节表述的非常清楚。（二）短文用到的主要动词词组有：get up,wash ones face,have breakfa
23、st/supper,play basketball/football，描述了五福图中发生的主要事情。,50,（三）短文用到的主要副词有：usually,still。一个是用来强调经常性反复性的动作，一个用来强调动作正在进行，这样更加突出Jim星期天生活方式、作息时间与平常不同之处。（四）短文五次用到并列连词but，主要用来体现后一个句子与前面那个进行对比。（五）短文用到主要时态有：一般现在时和现在进行时，尤其是现在进行时，使故事的情节更加生动，栩栩如生。短文条理清楚，语言简练，并涵盖图中所有内容，句与句之间过渡自然，所用到的句子都是初中学生能够做到的。,51,II.学生习作 在即将离开中学的时
24、刻，你们班召开了一次题为“Sweet Memories”的主题班会，在班会上，你回想起学校的学习环境、学习风气。老师的关心以及同学间的友爱，思绪万千.请把你的感受写成一篇短文，词数80-100。,52,中考常见文体训练,53,一、记叙文 有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果6个要素。其中时间、地点、人物一般作为故事的开端放在文章的开头；事件和原因常用为故事的发展，放在文章的中间，是文章的主体；结果常作为故事的结局放在文章的最后。温馨提示：(1)时态：故事、日记和报道之类的文章常是记叙过去发生的事，为常用一般过去时。叙述当前的自然、社会现象多用一般现在时。(2)人称：常用第一人称或第三人称。,5
25、4,二、说明文 中考中的说明主要是介绍物品、人物、家庭、班级、学校、家乡房间或建筑及地点场所等中。可按时间顺序和空间位置进行说明。除介绍历史人物用一般过去时外，通以一般现在时为主。,55,三、应用文 中考中的应用文主要有书信、通知、请假条、留言条等。要着重注意与汉语格式的不同之处。如汉语信中的写信日期写在信末的右下方，而英语信的写信日期位于信笺的右上方，汉语信的称呼后冒号，而英语信的称呼后一般用逗号；汉语信末常在结束语后写上“某某敬上”、“某某顿首”等，而英文信末，在右下方写上Yours(truly/sincerely/faithfully)后加逗号，再在其下面签名；,56,请假条和便条的格式
26、与英文书信差不多，只是写的日期一般不需写年月，只写日期或星期几、上午/下午或几点钟；英文书面通知的发布单位可像汉语通知一样写在通知正文末的右下方，也可写在NOTICE的上方或前方，通知日期可写在通知正文的右上方也可写在通知最后的左下方；口头通知均以Thats all.Thank you结尾。,57,初中学生英语书面表达常见错误分析,58,常见错误一审题错误,59,【要点领悟】与汉语作文一样,英语书面表达的审题也十分重要。审题包括此篇文章要传递给读者什么样的信息,告诫读者什么(即写作目的)。由于英语书面表达的篇幅很有限,所以要求作者在写作时要精心组织材料,紧扣主题。,60,【信息提示】太白山是陕
27、西著名的森林游览胜地。一年四季都有其独特的景色(scene)。不过,游览太白山的最佳时机是春天。每当春天来临,青山滴翠,美丽的景色吸引了许多游客前来踏青观光。可几年前,游人不注意保护环境,乱扔垃圾,攀折树枝花草,猎杀野鸟,点火野餐,致使环境一度恶化。请你写篇报道,说明太白山旅游环境的变化。,61,【习作实况】Taibai Mountain is a famous place of interest in Shaanxi Province.It has its special scenes all the year round,and spring is the best time to vis
28、it it.When spring comes,the days get longer and longer and the weather get warmer and warmer.Trees are beginning to turn green,and flowers come out.Everything begins to grow(1).The mountains are covered with a lot of green tall trees and all kinds of colorful wild flowers.It is so beautiful that a l
29、ot of visitors come here and enjoy its beauty every day.But a few years ago,some of the visitors paid no attention to protecting the environment.They used to throw lots of rubbish such as plastic bags,fruit skins and waste paper on the ground.They dont know that cleaners work from morning till night
30、 to sweep away the rubbish and waste things(2).Sometimes they broke some branches,picked flowers and even killed birds.Some even made fires in the forest to cook food.How dangerous it was!Luckily enough,the local government has begun to do something to stop polluting the area.Great changes have take
31、n place here.New roads and nice hotels have been built;trees and flowers are planted around them.Visitors are asked to take plastic bags and put their rubbish in them(3).,62,【精讲点拨】(1)这一部分应当删掉。文章应围绕太白山景区的景色和环境保护主题展开,与太白山有关的春景可以略写,但不宜用太多的笔墨去描绘春天,这不仅加长了篇幅,也冲淡了主题。(2)这一部分也应当删掉。因为,这里批评了游客乱扔垃圾的不良现象,由于篇幅的限制
32、,没有必要再去谈论清洁工是如何清理这些垃圾的。(3)这一部分同样需要删掉。根据上文不难看出,本文主要谈论太白山旅游区的环境污染问题,以及政府采取措施后环境的变化。没有必要去描述基础设施的变化。总而言之,英文作文中,应特别注意避免想起什么写什么,随意发挥,淡化主题。,63,常见错误二文不达意,64,【要点领悟】在英语书面表达的提示信息中,常有这样的语句“可适当增加细节”或“可适当发挥”,但所增加的内容应该与文章相关。如果所“发挥”的内容与文章无关,就是“画蛇添足”了。,65,【信息提示】根据下面的4幅图画用英语写一篇短文,要求故事包括所有图画的主要内容,可以适当增加细节,使意思连贯。词数在100
33、以上。,66,【习作实况】One day,an old woman was crossing the street with a basket in her hand.She went to do some shopping.Just then a car came up and she was knocked down onto the ground.She was badly injured and couldnt move.But to everyones anger,the car ran away as quickly as it could.The old woman had to
34、 lie on the ground and cried(1).Luckily,a man,who was sweeping the street nearby,saw this.He ran quickly up to her and helped her stand up.He was angry with the driver(2).Then he took her to the nearest hospital.There a doctor examined her carefully and gave her some medical care.After that,the dust
35、man took her home.When the old womans daughter knew what had happened to her mother,she was moved deeply and thanked him very much.After a while the dustman left and went to do his work.The daughter thanked him again(3).,67,常见错误三名词单复数,68,【要点领悟】学生在写作时,往往把重点放在文章的构思和句子结构上,有时忽略了名词的单复数。在中考作文中,如果名词的数使用混乱,
36、也会导致较多的失分。【信息提示】假如你是吴强,去年春天和几位同学到东浦岛野餐,以“The happiest day”为题写一篇80-100词的作文。要求条理清晰、意思连贯、语句通顺、标点规范。,69,【习作实况】The happiest day Last spring my classmate(1)and I went to Dongpu Island to have a picnic.It was March 2.The weather was fine and there was hardly a cloud in the sky.We started early that morning
37、.We all carried something nice to eat and drink.We sang happily on our ways(2)there.After about one and a half hour(3),we got to the island.The water in the lake was nice and clean and we could see flowers and grasses(4)all around us.How beautiful it was!After about twenty minutes(5)rest,we divided
38、ourselves into four groups and cooked our lunch.Most of us did the cooking for the first time.After a while,everything was ready.We put all the food on a big piece of paper.There was meat,fish,fruit and vegetable(6).How delicious they were!We enjoyed our lunch and there was a big smile on everyones
39、faces(7).,70,常见错误四用词不当,71,【要点领悟】文章构思新颖、结构严谨固然重要,但它只是文章的骨架。要充实内容,就得有一定的遣词造句的功力,在此基础知识就显得尤为重要了。【信息提示】李华平时总是忙于功课,很少做家务。母亲节这一天,她想帮妈妈做饭,却不小心切了手指,本想让妈妈在节日期间好好休息,却未能如愿。以“On Mothers Day”为题写一篇词数为80-100的短文。要求条理清晰、意思连贯、语句通顺、标点正确。,72,【习作实况】On Mothers DayIm usually busy with my studies and do few(1)housework whe
40、n I come back from school.It was Mothers Day yesterday.I wanted Mum to have a good rest and I did all instead(2)her.I got up early yesterday morning and bought a lot of vegetables,fish and meat in the market.I washed them and then began to cook.I was sure I could do as well like(3)Mum.Bad luck!I cut
41、 one of my fingers and cried out.Mum and Dad rushed into(4)and Mum asked Dad to take me to the hospital.When we came back,dinner(5)ready.I felt sorry and said,“Mum had a busy Mothers Day again!”,73,常见错误五汉式英语,74,【要点领悟】不同的民族有不同的语言表达习惯。我国学生在用英语写作时由于受汉语表达习惯的影响,加之对英语词语的真正含义把握不准,往往拿汉语去套英语,结果写出的文章到处都是汉式英语(
42、Chinglish)。这样的文章,只有中国人能看懂,外国人看不懂。这就达不到与外国人交流思想的目的。要改变这种状况,一是要准确把握英语词语的含义,二是要排除汉语表达习惯的干扰。这样才能写出地道的英语文章。,75,【信息提示】你家里养了一只猫,她很小,也很可爱。由于她的存在,你们全家人都很快乐。昨天晚上你去商店给她买食物,在回家的路上下起了大雨。当你到家时,你浑身都湿透了。虽然淋了雨,但是你很高兴。不管怎么说,小猫不用挨饿了。,76,【习作实况】My home(1)raises a lovely small cat.My family are always happy because of he
43、r.I went to the store to buy some food for her yesterday night(2).Unluckily,there was a big rain(3)on my way home.When I got home,I was all wet(4).Although I was wet,but(5)I was very happy.No matter how to say(6),the cat would not be hungry.,77,【精讲点拨】上面的这篇习作虽然我们都能看懂是什么意思,但由于受汉语思维的影响,里面充满了因文化差异而产生的错误
44、。(1)“home”的汉语意思虽然也是“家”,但它指“家”时一般只指地点而不指人。根据英语习惯该句应改为My family has a lovely small cat或We keep a lovely small cat at home。(2)“昨天晚上”要么表达为yesterday evening,要么表达为last night。但根据语境,这里用前者较合适。(3)根据英语表达习惯,“一场大雨”应表达为a heavy rain,而不是a big rain。(4)be all wet的意思是“完全错了”。要表达“全身湿透了”,可以用wet through或completely wet。(5)
45、由于受汉语“虽然但是”结构的影响而出错。在英语中,although和but在一个句子中不能连用。(6)这里要表达“不管怎么说”,可以用anyway或anyhow,文中的表达显然属于汉式英语。,78,常见错误六词汇使用错误,79,【要点领悟】很多考生在中考书面表达中,常常会错用一些词语,使得评卷老师不知其所云,得分自然不会高。因此,我们在平时的习作训练中就要特别留意词汇的正确使用。【信息提示】李小莉的一个名叫Mary Baker的笔友给她回了一封电子邮件,谈到她对中国的喜爱和向往。请以“An e-mail from an American pen pal”为标题写一封电子邮件。邮件的开头已给出(
46、不计入总词数)。,80,Dear Li Xiaoli,Im glad to receive your e-mail.Ive showed it to my friends.Everyone(1)of us thinks China is one of the greatest countries in the world.Weve known much about your country for years,but we have not chance(2)to go there.We often watch the Great Wall and beautiful Beijing on T
47、V.So I think China is worth to visit(3).I bought a book on China and study it when Im free.I hope I can visit your country one day,and I also hope you to visit(4)our country sometimes(5)in the future.,81,常见错误七句型结构、固定搭配错误,82,【要点领悟】马克思生在德国,他非常擅长学习语言。他不仅能自如地运用英语,而且只用了六个月时间就掌握了足够的俄文,能阅读俄文版的报刊和杂志。不过,他在介绍
48、英语学习的经验时,也曾诉苦说:“I am not too sure about two things,the grammar and some of the idioms.”。英语学习中,句型结构和固定搭配的确是初学者的“拦路虎”。【信息提示】众所周知吸烟有害健康。请以“Smoking is harmful to health”为题写一篇至少100词的英语短文,来介绍一下吸烟的危害,以唤起人们戒烟。,83,【习作实况】Smoking is harmful to healthAs(1)is known to all that smoking is bad for health.In China
49、there have(2)millions of smokers.Each year millions of people die from smoking.Smoking makes many people ill.Those who often smoke have black teeth.Lots of smokers cough day and night.Lung cancer is one of the most serious illnesses that are caused by smoking.Many people suffer from this terrible di
50、sease and lose their lives.Smoking does harm not only to smokers themselves,but also to non-smokers,especially women and children.They may have their health harm(3)because of the smoke caused by cigarettes.Everyone agrees that smoking is not good for health,but it is not easy for smokers to giving u
