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1、英语（新标准）写作训练,-教师的写作素养及写作训练,教学大纲对九年级写作的要求,能依据写作要求，收集、准备素材；能独立起草短文、短信等，并在教师的指导下进行修改；能使用常见的连词表示顺序和逻辑关系；能简单描述人物或事件；能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明；,新标准英语写作归纳(七年级上),新标准英语写作归纳(七年级上),新标准英语写作归纳（七年级下）,新标准英语写作归（七年级下）,新标准英语写作归（七年级下）,新标准英语写作归纳（八年级上）,新标准英语写作归（八年级上）,新标准英语写作归纳（八年级上）,新标准英语写作归纳（八年级下）,新标准英语写作归纳（八年级下）,新标准英语写作归纳
2、（九年级上）,新标准英语写作归纳（九年级上）,新标准英语写作归纳（九年级上）,新标准英语写作归纳（九年级下）,新标准英语写作归纳（九年级下）,英语新标准写作的特点,写作量大，六册书共计66个模块，66个写作，每学期学生都有22个大小作文。交际型的写作占主流，写作不是漫无目的的，重视了读者的反馈，对读者往往进行了虚构，如“为来中国的游客写建议”，“给朋友写一份邮件”“准备一份关于参观中国的最好时节的建议”“为来中国家庭的外国客人写一些建议”等等。,3.题材丰富，以学生的个人生活、学校生活、家庭生活、一般社会生活、与国际友人相处等为主要写作内容。写作题材循环再现于整套教材六本书之中，有大循环，也有
3、小循环。例如写海报的话题在66篇写作中有六个。这六篇作文分别出现于各册书中。,英语新标准写作的特点,4.写作的趋势向交际型、实用型发展。例如：给出或询问个人信息、写一份贺卡、制作一份图表、准备一份娱乐海报、写一份时尚海报、做一份班级运动调查、为你喜爱的礼物制作海报，这些将成为学生的小作文。,英语新标准写作的特点,按体裁划分：记叙文：30篇（写人或写事）应用文：28篇（信、贺卡、图表、调查、email、海报、传单、报道、计划等）说明文：6篇（建议、how to improve,make a list of）还有2篇没法归类。,英语新标准写作的分类,通过分类我们就会清楚地看到写作的重点是记叙文、应
4、用文。记叙文写人叙事，应该是大作文，应用文为许多文体，应为小作文；记叙文应注意内容，应用文应注意格式。每种练一篇可能只有15篇，课时紧，任务重的情况下，我们从66降到15大大缓解了矛盾。,英语新标准写作的分类,书信的格式,信纸的左上角写上Dear，称呼信纸的右上角写住址及时间，为信头 正文结尾要写上Yours，,通知格式1.在正文的上方中间写“NOTICE”字样.2.在左上角上写所要发往的通知单位或人3.通知的右下角写明发通知的单位或人 及时间.,请假条格式 例:假如你是李雷,星期一早晨得了重感冒,给老师写个请假条,告诉老师医生建议你休息,需请假三天,请老师原谅.,Asking for lea
5、ve,Monday morning,Li Lei,Dear Sir,Im very sorry I cant come to school this morning because Ive got a bad cold.The doctor advised me to stay in bed a few days.Could you apply for a three days leave.,写作思维模式的分析,美国语言学家罗伯特卡普兰（Robert Kaplan）经过长期的研究归纳出几种不同的写作思维模式：,English英国人的,Semitic（闪族语系）,Oriental（东方人的),一
6、旦了解思维方式，就更容易模仿,从上图可知，英语是开门见山，直入主题，一旦了解思维方式，就更容易模仿，成功地写出更好的英语。东方人是螺旋形，作者不直接论证段落主题，而是在主题的外围“团团转”，从各种间接的角度说明问题，使英语族人困惑不解。,英语记叙文的写作的方式,Beginning（topic sentence 主题句),Middle,Ending,Concluding sentence 结论句,Supporting sentence 支持句例子、实事、数据或引文,记叙文写作方法：,采用“总分总”的写作方式 即先概括总述，再分述 最后再总述。,总述,写作注意“四定”,1.定内容,不折不扣。2.定
7、时态，世态前后呼应。记叙文、日记一般用一般过去时；说明文、通知、布告、介绍等用一般现在时；计划等用一般将来时。3.定人称，用第一人称亲近自然；用第三人称客观真实。4.定句型、定词语；应依据内容。应该先定句型后定词语。,写作注意的几个问题：,尽量使用简单句，如果复合句用不好就不要用，文章算不上完美，但很实用。要牢记“避繁就简”原则。当然长句短句交叉使用最好。把握要点，避免遗漏，注意发挥适度既不要多写也不要少写。,注意句子与句子、段与段之间过渡自然，行文连贯，注意适当使用连词，例如：and,so,or,but,become,Whats more;What worse,not onlybut als
8、o,neithernor 等等。再有学生语文水平的滑坡，使得英语老师不得不带领学生完成写作内容的挖掘。,写作注意的几个问题：,选词：普通的叙述文或短文，应该选择简洁、朴实、准确的大众化词语，避免使用矫饰、复杂、故弄玄虚的词，并尽可能挑选积极的动词。,写作注意的几个问题：,措辞：能写出树的具体名称an apple tree,就不要使用tree;能说清具体数字时，就不要使用some;知道是某种专门的活动，就不要使用do去描述，词意越具体，越能给读者鲜明的印象。,写作注意的几个问题：,你如何写开头,1.开头常用词语：as far as we know 据我们所知 as everybody knows
9、 众所周知at present 目前 first of all 首先 To tell the truth 老实说,1.结尾常用词语：after all 毕竟at last 最后in a word 总而言之finally,最后we hope that 我们希望 In short 简言之clearly 显然,你如何写结尾,如何添加过度句、连接词,补充说明 for example,besides，In addition(此外），Whats worse!Whats more!Worst of all.转折 however,yet,but 原因 thanks to,because of结果 as res
10、ult of,so，sothat,范文2：I m pleased to write to ask for some help.I want to tell you some problems we meet in English study.First，some of us arent interested in English.They think studying English is such a boring thing to do.And then Its so difficult for us to remember all the words in the texts.So lo
11、ts of us,作文如何添加过度句、连接词,作文如何添加过度句、连接词,dont have enough confidence to keep up English study.And we are always afraid to join in the group discussion.Whats more,there are so many new words we hadnt meet before in the passage.I dont know what to do.Sometimes we cant understand the main idea,let alone,作文
12、如何添加过度句、连接词,answer the questions about them.But the most difficult thing is to write.We often use wrong words and sentences.Can you help us?How can we improve our English?Please give us some useful advice.Thank you very much.Write to me soon.Yours Fang Hua,信息点与承接词的关系,信息点是珠子，承接词是线，用线把珠子串连起来就是一条熠熠生辉、优
13、雅华贵的项链。单独看某一方就成为一条破绳子，一堆烂珠子。,如何写好好人好事的结尾be proud of speak highly of follow ones example come true,你如何写结尾,近年中考写作的特色：描述+看法/感想,1.写这类作文要求同学们先审题，弄清图示情境中的故事梗概。审题的内涵较广，不仅只对作文题的审视，也包括审视写作提示词、主题句、图以及对作文字数的要求。审题一旦出现偏误，就会“差之毫厘，谬以千里”。大部分同学不会写作，主要原因是不会审题,通过审题，抓取有效信息。考题在描述上是有限定的，发表看法及感想是自由发挥的。,范文1：,在日常生活中你主动帮助你的父
14、母做家务活吗？请你根据提示用英语写一篇80字左右的短文，描述你平时所作家务以及你对家务的看法。提示：1.扔垃圾 2.扫地 3.帮助妈妈做饭 4.洗衣服 5.为花浇水 6.饭后洗碗要求：语句通畅，语法正确。不得逐句翻译。,学生的优秀范文（15分）,AS we all know,Its important to help parents do housework during our daily life.I often help them do housework.I throw the rubbish away and clean the floor in the morning.I help
15、 my mother cook the lunch.I always wash clothes for my family.My parents are very happy.Besides,Watering the flowers is also my duty.I like them very much and take good care of them.After supper,I always wash dishes.I think it can make my parents feel more enjoyable after work.In a word,the more hou
16、sework I do,the happier my parents will be.（即总括又阐明看法）,学生的优秀范文（15分）,2007年天津市书面表达考题,日前,由教育部,国家体育总局,共青团中央联合举办“全国亿万少年阳光体育运动”启动仪式,其影响巨大,意义深远.你在本校参加了此项活动,请根据表格中所给信息写一篇英语短文.,2007年天津市书面表达考题,注意:词数80100 个左右.2.短文的开头已为你写好,不计入总词数.3.短文须包括所有内容要点,但不要逐句 翻译,可适当加入细节,可适度发挥,使 短文通顺,连贯.4.文中不得使用真实姓名,校名.,书面表达考题,书面表达考题,参考词汇：
17、the launching ceremony 启动仪式build up ones body strength 强身健体More effective 效果更好“Millions of young students nationwide sports sunshine”launched on April 29,2007.The teachers and students in our school were organized to watch the launching ceremony.,学生优秀范文（15分）,After that,all of us went to the playgrou
18、nd.We had different kinds of sports that we liked for an hour.Some took part in running,some played basketball and football,and some did exercises.We enjoyed doing sports so much that we all forgot the time.We really had a good time.,学生优秀范文（15分）,Doing sports is very good for us.It helps to build up
19、our body strength,Besides,our brains can have a good rest after doing sports.So our study can be more effective.So why not join us?Doing sports an hour everyday,you can have a happier and better life.,优秀范文讲评,讲评:该文结构严谨,思维清晰,在内容及感想间使用了不同的时态;一般过去时及一般现在时,发挥适度,长句短句交叉使用,句式赋于变化,用词得体,有很强的可读性,文章的开头与结尾相互呼应,浑然
20、一体,使主体得以升华.做到了naturally and clearly.,好人好事,假如你叫小明。下面的图画讲述了你和一位男孩在上周一发生的事情。请根据图画写出一篇日记。日记的开头已经给出,Go to school,Saw fall off,Carry to,Visit with,Be fine thank,看图作文,Who was lying on the ground?What happened to the boy?When did it happen?Where did it happen?Why did it happen?How was the boy?,要求：1.日记应包括图画中
21、所有内容。2.词数：70-80词。,Monday June 2,2008Fine Last Monday,I went to school in the morning._Not at all.I just did what I should do.”,把好人好事做到底,范文1,Monday June2,2008 Fine Last Monday,I went to school in the morning.When I was at the school gate,I saw a boy fell off his bike and lie on the road.He was badly
22、hurt and couldnt move,so I carried him to the hospital.When he was in hospital,I visited him with some flowers and he was very happy.After he was fine,he came to the school and said to me,Thank you very much,Xiao Ming.I said,Not at all.I just did something that I should do.,好人好事,Though we didnt see
23、the film,we were happy.After all we did Sth kind.Sth right,要记住哟,仿写,英语有一句名言“Originality is always better than imitation”有创见比模仿好。但对于英语的初学者来说应该反过来说更好，即“模仿比创见好。”仿写可使学生尽快入道，可以进行段落仿写，课文仿写 甚至于经典句子的仿写。,例如新标准英语九年级上Page 34有这样一句话：Im looking forward to this.(仿写1)Im looking forward to hearing from you.(信尾使用）(仿写2
24、)Im looking forward to your reply.(仿写3)I look forward to the summer holiday.,仿写,句式富于变化,例如；1.Jack came home at 7am yesterday.-Jack didnt came home until 7am yesterday.2.We are good friends.We should help each other.(good)-We are good friends and we should help each other.(better)-As we are good frien
25、ds,we should help each other.(best),3.I was careless.I lost a bag on the ground.(good)-I was careless and lost a bag on the ground.(better)-I was so careless that I lost a bag on the ground.(best),句式富于变化,如何训练学生,1.写一篇是一篇，写文章的过程是不断修改提高的过程，学生写好后，先相互修改，然后再交给老师修改。在批改作文时，教师把学生的作文共性的问题做笔录，为全班讲评。2.请三位好中差典型的
26、同学利用课间把作文抄写在黑板上，进行集体讲评，这样达成双向交流评语，避免有些同学看不懂老师的评语。,3.考前强化训练是非常必要的，平时没有这么多的精力练写作，借助考试这股东风，提高写作水平，绝不是搞突击，走形式，玩技巧，拿个高分完事。练习基础的知识，为写作铺路搭桥，如重新组合句子，删除多余的句子，加过渡句，写主题句等等。,如何训练学生,4.学生不写作文老师着急，学生写了作文，老师更着急，批改作文的速度远远慢于学生写作的速度。考前老师工作量很大，这时我就采用学生限时写作，写完后再听写范文，最后学生对照两篇文章，自我修改，再收上来，我们的工作量大减，同时学生也知道怎样写好作文。,如何训练学生,1.
27、统一批改符号，例如：删除 插入 替代 佳句 句子不通畅,训练学生记住批改符号,Look the book,read,对学生口语中错误不必“见错就纠”，但学生作文中差错，均应全部纠正，这时因为书面语言具有永久性，人们对书面语差错的容忍度总是小于对口语中差错的容忍度，另一方面，书面语中的差错得不到纠正，就会在口语中再现。,纠错,纠错小到标点符号，大到文章结构，逻辑次序，语序等等。比如英语中没有顿号；省略号是三个点“”而不是汉语的六个点“”；再有冒号，中文里用冒号的地方，英语中常常用逗号；英语里句号是实心点，汉语里的句号空心点。,纠错,最近你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的讨论，其中的一个话题是：高考前
28、有些家长在考场附近租住宾馆，陪孩子复习，这样做有无必要。请根据下表提供的信息给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。75%的同学认为不必住宾馆浪费钱，住在哪里与考试无关，父母陪伴反而增加压力。25%的同学认为有条件还是住宾馆好适应环境，节省路途用时，父母督促提高效率。,例8：,Dear editor,When we discuss about whether it is good to book a room for kids at a hotel near the school where the exam will be taken,we have different opinions:75%
29、of the students think that it is not necessary to rent a room at a hotel.They think it wastes money.They say the place where they stay has little to do with the exam.They also say it will increase their pressure if they stay with,their parents.25%of the students think it is better to rent room if th
30、eir parents have the money.They believe it will help them suit to the surroundings;they also believe it will save the time from where to live to the exam site.And their parents can help them study better if they stay with them.Yours，Li Lei,Task IDiscussion:What do you think of the composition?Are th
31、ere any problems?,Dear editor,When we discuss about whether it is good to book a room for kids at a hotel near the school where the exam will be taken,we have different opinions:75%of the students think that it is not necessary to rent a room at a hotel.They think it wastes money.,请改作文,hold the view
32、,is a waste of,add to,They say the place where they stay has little to do with the exam.They also say it will increase their pressure if they stay with their parents,add to,has little connection,25%of the students think it is better to rent room if their parents have the money.They believe it will h
33、elp them suit to the surroundings;they also believe it will save the time from where to live to the exam site.And their parents can help them study better if they stay with them.,believe,can afford,adapted to,urge them to,efficiently,请改作文,告诫一：,抓住大分，再争取小分；锦上添花。只抓小分,放弃大分;竹篮打水一场空写作难在坚持，成在坚持。,告诫二,大家要下苦功夫，更要用巧功夫,Thank you!Goodbye!,
