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1、Module 8Unit 22 Environmental Protection基础落实高频单词思忆1.n.生态2.n.原则，道德准则3.adj.贪污的4.adj.相关的，有关的5.vi.反弹6.n.巧合,ecology,principle,corrupt,relevant,bounce,coincidence,7.vt.&vi.牺牲，献出8.vt.主张，提倡9.vt.回收利用10.n.代替品，代用品11.vt.威胁12.n.大陆13.n.潜在的可能性14.vt.采纳，采用15.vt.分配，配给16.adj.成熟的,sacrifice,advocate,recycle,substitute,t
2、hreaten,mainland,potential,adopt,allocate,mature,17.n.保护区 n.保留；存 疑18.n.顾问 vt.咨询，请教19.n.灌溉 vt.灌溉20.vt.建造 n.建造21.adj.多山的 n.山脉22.adj.想得周到的，体贴的 vt.考虑 n.考虑,reserve,reservation,consultant,consult,irrigation,irrigate,construct,construction,mountainous,mountain,considerate,consider,consideration,重点短语再现1.act
3、ion采取行动2.away from离开，脱离3.from除以外4.answer 对负责任5.wrap 结束6.all the 祝一切顺利7.on of代表8.as a matter of 实际上9.carry 掠去，夺走10.all all总的来说,take,break,apart,for,up,best,behalf,fact,off,in,11.in导致12.ones living谋生13.ones control不受的控制14.call an end 要求结束15.some degree在某种程度上,result,make/earn,beyond,for,to,to,典型句式运用1.G
4、iven this data,it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.Given可作介词或连词，作条件状 语，意为“如果有；假定；考虑到，鉴于”等。如果有他的支持，我想我们会成功 的。,考点提炼,句子仿照,Given his support,I think we will succeed.,2.How can we stop these disasters from happening?stop sb./sth.(from
5、)doing sth.阻止某人/物做某事。stop还可以换成 prevent,keep，但若用keep表示此意时from不 可省略。没有人能阻止他做那件事。,考点提炼,句子仿照,Nobody can stop/prevent/keep him from,doing that.,3.This is no easy task,.no easy task=not an easy task。not a/an+adj.+n.（可数）not any+adj.+n.（不可数）环境保护不是一个短期计划。,考点提炼,句子仿照,Environmental protection is no short,term p
6、lan.,no+adj.+n.=,4.The last few years have seen environment-al disasters on a grand scale,.时间/地点+see（时态可变）+事 件，意为“某时/地发生了某事，见证了某 事的发生”等。see在此为“目睹，见证”，可 以替换为witness。2008年爆发了全球金融危机。,考点提炼,句子仿照,2008 saw the financial crisis throughout,the whole world.,导练互动重点单词1.reserve vt.储备；保留；预订；n.保护区 Breweries are of
7、ten built in nature reserves.(回归课本P5)经典例句 It is not allowed to tip waste in a nature reserve.禁止在自然保护区乱扔垃圾。Please reserve a seat for me.请为我预定一个座位。,A country should have a large amount of grain in reserve to distribute to victims of natural disasters.一个国家需要贮备大量的粮食，以供灾难时分发给灾民。,归纳拓展reserve.for sb.为某人保留r
8、eserve ticket/room预订票/房间in reserve保留；留出；存留a wildlife reserve野生动物保护区reservation n.保留（意见）；预订make/hold a reservation for.预订用reserve的适当形式填空(1)He still his opinion on some points.(2)We have made for three rooms at the hotel.,reserved,reservations,2.beyond prep.超出，出乎；adv.在更远处；另外.something previously seen
9、as beyond our control.(回归课本P6)经典例句 The level of inflation has gone beyond 8%.通货膨胀率已经超过了8%。Her beauty is beyond comparison.她的美貌无与伦比。They crossed the mountains and travelled to the valleys beyond.他们越过群山，到了那边的山谷。,归纳拓展beyond belief难以置信beyond doubt毫无疑问beyond repair无法修理beyond the mountain在山那边beyond midnig
10、ht午夜以后beyond ones control不受控制beyond ones reach够不着，超出之外beyond ones imagination超乎想像beyond(all)recognition变得认不出来了beyond ones power超出某人权限,完成句子Youd better put the medicine(让孩子够不着的地方).,beyond the,childrens reach,3.claim v.&n.要求；声称；主张；断言 They claim that in the last 50 years,gases pumped into the Earths atm
11、osphere by the factories and vehicles have been speeding up.(回归课本P6)经典例句 They claimed the reward for working for him.为他工作他们要求报酬。The court claimed(that)he was innocent.法庭宣布他无罪。The settlers claimed the land to be theirs.殖民者声称土地是他们的。,归纳拓展claim sth.要求获得某物；认领claim to do/be.声称要做/是claim that.声称，断言claim to
12、have done.声称做了make a claim for要求；提出，主张完成句子The customer(提出赔偿损失的要求)of the goods.,made a claim for damages,4.relevant adj.有关的；切题的.how is it to our lives?(回归课本P6)经典例句 These facts are relevant to the case.这些事实和此案有关。He consulted a number of relevant books.他参考了不少有关书籍。He was sentenced to 5 years in prison a
13、ccording to relevant laws and regulations.依据相关法律法规，他被判五年有期徒刑。,relevant,归纳拓展be relevant to.与有关a relevant suggestion/question/point相关的提议/问题/观点relevantly adv.有关地；切题地be concerned with.与相关完成句子The essay isnt(与题目相关).,relevant to the topic,5.coincidence n.巧合；同时发生；一致.the link between human activities and ris
14、ing global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.（回归课本P6）经典例句 By coincidence,we arrived here at the same time.我们凑巧一同到达这儿。The two murder cases were so similar to each other;it was not a coincidence at all.这两个谋杀案如此相似，绝不是巧合。,What a coincidence!We have the same name and live in the same room.真巧，我们俩同名
15、且又住在同一个房间。What a coincidence!真巧！归纳拓展by coincidence碰巧，巧合的是coincide v.巧合coincide with.与同时发生，一致,用coincidence的适当形式填空（1）I hadnt seen him for years when a remarkable brought us together again.（2）My views do not with theirs.,coincidence,coincide,6.sacrifice vt.&vi.牺牲，献出；n.牺牲；祭品，祭祀.they are simply not prepa
16、red to sacrifice the amount of money they make from industry to save the Earth.(回归课本P6),经典例句 They offered a sacrifice to propitiate the god.他们供奉祭品以慰神灵。In the past many people sacrificed themselves for the country.在过去有许多人为祖国而献身。Parents made great sacrifices for their children.父母为孩子们做出极大牺牲。,归纳拓展sacrif
17、ice sth.to do sth.为做某事而牺牲某物sacrifice sth.for sb./sth.为牺牲sacrifice sth.to.向献祭make sacrifices for/to do sth.为作出牺牲at the sacrifice of.以牺牲为代价完成句子Its not worthwhile to gain wealth(以牺牲健康为代价).,at the,sacrifice of health,7.advocate vt.主张，提倡；n.提倡者，拥护 者 Experts advocate that each person play their part.(回归课本P
18、6)经典例句 Educators advocate safe use of the Internet.教育者们提倡安全使用互联网。He is a strong advocate of reforms on the political system.他竭力主张改革政治体制。Many environmentalists do not advocate building large factories.很多环保主义者都不主张建造大工厂。,归纳拓展advocate sth./doing sth.拥护，支持；主张advocate that.主张；提倡从句中谓语动词为should+do的形式，其中shou
19、ld可省略。an advocate of/for sb./sth.支持某人/某事的人用所给词的适当形式填空（1）We advocate that everyone(donate)some money to the flood stricken area.（2）A lot of people advocate(reduce)military spending.,donate,reducing,8.substitute n.代替者；代用品；vt.（用）代替；vi.替代，取代 After all,theres no substitute for our Earth.(回归课本P6)经典例句 The
20、coach substituted Smith for Jones.教练让史密斯上场，换下了琼斯。Babies feeding on milk substitutes are not as healthy as other babies.靠吃代乳品的婴儿不如其他婴儿健康。Vitamin pills are no substitute for healthy diet.维他命药片不能代替健康饮食。,归纳拓展a substitute for.的代替者a milk/meat substitute代乳/肉制品substitute A for B(=substitute B with A)用A代替/取代
21、Bsubstitute for代替，取代a substitute teacher代课老师句型转换To make more money,he substituted some drinking water for dextrose injection.To more money,he substituted dextrose injection some drinking water.,earn,with,9.scale n.&v.The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale,and experts a
22、re predicting far worse to come.(回归课本P10)用法点拨（1）n.规模，程度 These cars are being produced on a large scale.这些车正在进行大规模生产。,（2）n.阶层，等级 These houses are only built for those who are high in the social scale.这些房子是为那些社会高层次的人建造的。（3）n.天平，秤；鳞，鳞片；vt.用秤称（重量）He weighed himself on the scales.他用秤称体重。,归纳拓展on a large/g
23、rand scale大规模地hold the scales even使天平平衡；公平地裁判remove the scales from ones eyes使某人顿然觉醒完成句子(野生动物仍在被大规模地捕猎)in some places.,Wild animals are still being hunted on a,large scale,10.means n.方法，手段 People in agricultural areas,without any means to earn their living,move to the cities,.(回归课本P10)经典例句 We expres
24、s our thought by means of words.我们用词句来表达思想。The quickest means of travel is by plane at present.目前最快的交通工具是飞机。This is by no means a good way to solve the problem.这决非解决问题的良策。,归纳拓展means of(doing)sth.（做）某事的方法、途径by means of sth.借助的手段by all means可以，当然行；尽一切办法，务必by no means决不，一点也不（置于句首，其后倒装）注意 means表示“方法，方式，
25、手段”时，其单复数同形。当means作主语且有every,each等词修饰时谓语动词用单数；有some,several,many,few等词修饰时谓语动词用复数。,句型转换Theory should by no means be separated from practice.By no means from practice.,should theory be separated,11.adopt vt.采用；收养；正式通过，采纳 The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans.(回归课本P12)经典例句 To g
26、et out of the financial crisis quickly,China adopted policies to expand domestic demand.为尽快摆脱经济危机，中国实施扩大内需的政 策。,New techniques were adopted in the project.这项工程采用了新技术。As they had no children of their own,they adopted an orphan.他们没有亲生儿女，就收养了一个孤儿。,归纳拓展adopt a child领养孩子adopt a new policy采纳一项新政策adoption
27、n.收养；采用adopted adj.收养的adopted son养子完成句子We should(采纳消费者的建议).,adopt the consumers,suggestion,12.considerate adj.体贴的；想得周到的经典例句 Since I am now preparing for the College Entrance Examination,my mother is very considerate of me.我正在为高考做准备，妈妈对我的照顾很细心。Its very considerate of you to remember my birthday.你想的真周
28、到还记得我的生日。,归纳拓展（1）be considerate to/toward/of sb.体贴某人Its considerate of sb.to do sth.某人做某事真是周到be considerate to do sth.(做某事)周到的，体贴的（2）consider vt.考虑；认为consider doing sth.考虑做某事consider sb.(to be/as)sth.认为某人是all things considered综观一切，将一切考虑在内,（3）consideration n.考虑；深思under consideration正在考虑之中take sth.int
29、o consideration把考虑在内（4）considering prep.考虑到；鉴于；就而论,用consider的适当形式填空（1）You should be to others.（2）He is very energetic,his age.（3）Take everything into,I decided to accept the job.（4）All things,this is really a good plan.,considerate,considering,consideration,considered,重点短语与句型13.refer to提到，涉及；查阅 Glob
30、al warming refers to an average increase in the Earths temperature.(回归课本P6)经典例句 For further information,please refer to the advertisement.欲知详情请看广告。I promised not to refer to the matter again.我答应过再也不提那件事了。You can refer to a dictionary if necessary.如果有必要，你可以参考词典。,归纳拓展refer to sb./sth.提及某人/事refer to th
31、e dictionary/notes查词典/笔记reference n.提及；征求；查阅make a reference to提到，谈到reference book参考书翻译句子There are many reference books for you to refer to.,有许多参考书供你查阅。,14.lead to通向；导致.an average increase in the Earths temperature that,in turn,leads to climate change.(回归课本P6)经典例句 A cold can lead to pneumonia.感冒能引起肺
32、炎。The railroad tracks lead to the next town.这条铁路通往下一个小镇。,Lack of experience led to his making such mistakes.缺乏经验导致他犯下这样的错误。He led the boy to a small cave in the hill.他把男孩领到一个小山洞里。,归纳拓展lead to(doing)sth.中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词形式，意为“导致，引起”。lead sb.to sth.引领某人lead sb.to do sth.引导某人做某事lead the way领路；处于领先地位l
33、ead sb.by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走用所给词的适当形式填空（1）Laziness led to(fail).（2）The discovery of new evidence led to the thief(catch).,failure,being caught,15.take action采取行动 But why wait around for governments to take action?(回归课本P6)经典例句 The government didnt take any further action.政府没有采取任何进一步的行动。As soon as the S
34、OS call was received,the rescue services took immediate action.一接到救援信号，救援中心马上采取行动。The police had to take legal action against him.警察不得不对他采取法律行动。,归纳拓展take firm/active action采取果断/积极行动take immediate action立即采取行动take action to do sth.采取行动做某事take action about sth.对某事采取行动take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事put
35、.into action启动，使投入运转用所给词的适当形式填空（1）(measure)that were(take)to stop pollution took effect.（2）We must take firm(action)to solve the problem.,Measures,taken,action,16.answer for对负责经典例句 Young children cannot answer for their actions.小孩们不对他们的行为负责。School should answer for their students bad behaviour on ca
36、mpus.学校应对学生在校园的不良行为负责。You will have to answer for your crimes one day.你总有一天要因为你的罪行而得到报应的。,归纳拓展answer for sth./sb.对某事/某人负责have a lot to answer for承担/负很多责任an answer to a question问题的答案answer the door/telephone应声开门/接电话完成句子As young people,we(要承担许多责任).,have a lot to answer,for,17.result in导致 Heavy rains r
37、esulted in floods.(回归课本P11)经典例句 His costly mistake resulted in severe loss.他的严重错误导致了重大的损失。His carelessness resulted in the accident.他的粗心导致了这起事故。His illness resulted from bad food.他的病是由于吃了变质的食物所致。,归纳拓展result是不及物动词,与in连用，表示“引起某种结果”，句子的主语是原因，result in的宾语是结果。result from由于而造成后果，后接导致某事的原因。as a result为固定词组
38、，意为“结果，因此”，在句中作状语，常用逗号和句子隔开。as a result of.意为“作为的结果”。,短语填空（1）The flight was delayed thick fog.（2）Global warming the burning of fossil fuels,which the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.,as a result of,results from,results in,18.break away from摆脱，脱离经典例句 Cant you break away from old habit
39、s?你不能戒除旧习惯吗？Hes broken away from his family.他与家庭断绝了关系。The prisoner broke away from his guards.犯人挣脱了看守。,归纳拓展break away from从挣脱，摆脱，脱落break down(机器)损坏，破坏；分解；（身体）垮下来break into闯入，侵入；突然发出/做出break off折断；中断；停止说话；（工作中）稍作休息break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生break through突破break up驱散；分解,用介、副词填空（1）She broke a piece of chocol
40、ate and gave it to me.（2）The fire broke during the night.（3）Police were called in to break the crowd.（4）The South broke away the North and set up a new government.,off,out,up,from,19.Without these naturally occurring gases,the suns rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossi
41、ble to live on.如果没有这些 自然产生的气体，太阳的能量将会被反射回 太空去，地球将处于寒冷之中，而不适合生 命的存在。,句式分析（1）without在本句中表示一个假设的条件，后面的主句中用“would+do”表示对将来的虚拟，像这样表假设条件的介词还有but for;连词or，otherwise,它们引导的句子在英语中称为含蓄条件句。（2）句中leave意思为“使得某人或某物处于某种状态”。leave+n./pron.后常跟以下结构：n.,adj.,adv.,doing,to do,done,介词短语,Without/But for your help,I couldnt h
42、ave passed the exam.要不是你帮忙，我就不会通过考试了。Without electrity,we would still live in the dark.若没有电，我们还会生活在黑暗中。Its cold.Dont leave the door open.天冷，别开着门。The manager died,leaving a lot of work undone.经理去世了，留下了许多工作未完成。,用所给词的适当形式填空（1）Her narrow escape left her(shake)with terror.（2）Without you(smell)the burnt s
43、mell,I would still leave the fire(burn).,shaking,smelling,burning,20.Given this data,it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.如果考虑到这些数 据，人类的活动与全球升温似乎不仅仅是一 种巧合。,句式分析given prep.&conj.考虑到；鉴于。常用来引导从句或后跟名词。adj.特定的，预定的They were to meet at a
44、 given time and place.他们要在规定的时间和地点见面。,Given the governments record on unemployment,their chances of winning the election look poor.鉴于政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳，他们在选举中获胜机会似乎不大。Given that there was so little time,I think they have done a good job.考虑到没有多少时间，我认为他们算是做得不错了。,归纳拓展at any given time/point在任何特定的时间/地点given
45、 that考虑到，鉴于given.作形容词，表示“特定的，预定的”时，一般只用于名词之前。完成句子(考虑到许多人反对这个计划),we had to give it up.,Given that many people were against the,plan,21.An even greater number of people live at risk,to some degree,from earthquakes which have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.从某种程度上来说，有更多 的人
46、处在地震的危险之中，在过去的几百年 间地震已经夺去了160多万人的生命。,句式分析to some degree从某种程度上来说，为插入语，一般对一句话作一些附加的说明。to some degree亦可以用to a certain degree。I agree with you to some degree.在某种程度上我与你意见一致。What you said just now is right to a certain degree.你刚才的话从某种程度上说是对的。,归纳拓展常见的插入语有形容词（词组）、副词、不定式、现在分词短语、介词短语、从句以及固定短语。常见的不定式作插入语的有：to
47、tell the turth（实话说）;to be short(简单地);to begin with(首先);to be sure(自然，当然，果然);to be honest/frank（坦白讲）;to make things worse（更糟地是）等。这些插入语表示说话人的态度，在句子中作独立成分。完成句子(在多大程度上)was he involved in the crimes?,To what degree,22.,Titanic,was on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City,when it struck an i
48、ceberg and sank about 153 km south of Newfoundland.泰坦尼 克号在作首次航海，从南安普敦开往纽约 城，突然间撞上冰山，在纽芬兰岛南153公 里的地方沉船。,句式分析when it struck an iceberg and.在此为时间状语从句，when“这时，就在这时突然间”，不可用while代替。I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.我正想着这件事时，突然听到有人叫我的名字。He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked a
49、t the door.他刚要走就有人敲门。We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang.我们刚刚入睡，铃声就响了起来。,归纳拓展be about to do.whenbe going to do.whenbe on the point of doing.whenbe doing.when正在做某事突然间had just done.when刚做完某事，这时had hardly/scarcely.when刚做完某事，这时完成句子I had just gone out(这时风就把门关上了).,正要做某事，就在这时,when the wind shut
50、the,door,品味构词1.利用派生法，品句填词The child has in the eyes so he has to see anything,that is,he is to read anything but it doesnt him in other aspects.(able),disability,inability,unable,disable,串联扩展,使丧失能力,不诚实的,讨厌的,难相处的,disloyal,混乱,动乱,误用，滥用,不奏效,不发火,顽皮,恶意,没有知识，没能力的,不习惯,未受影响的,独立,自主,不充分的,不足的,无能，无力,2.利用派生法，品句填词T
