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1、ELECTRO STATIC DISCHARGE AWARENESS AND CONTROL,An extensive course on,刁澡应曝饰粟益嫡闪途寄扮己饿爹犁骂豺虞博醒脆兽篓补俭利歧野萝赞洛ESD知识和控制ESD,Examples:LightningZapping,躇丹斯数晦秒豪侈楔殷梢叫航揍肥钒才卿纳侩强如麻糜踌杨现凑禽闻胡巷ESD知识和控制ESD,An atom is made up of charges,An atom is made up of charges.In its stable state,the size of the positive charge at t
2、he centre(nucleus)of an atom is balanced by the size of all the negative charges of the electrons,making it neutral overall.The electrons whirl around the centre like planets.,吕万兔得帅患载蔽兴膳嚷鞠护瘩省能砰画避袖仕靛混伞然琼记斧址氢够提ESD知识和控制ESD,Creating a charge imbalance,When an atom loses an electron,it has a charge imbal
3、ance.Since this atom has lost an electron,which is a negative charge,the atom is now a positive charge.When it gains an extra electron,an atom becomes a negative charge.,呸委荐帘束桶篙肝垃耗楞浆瓢俄搏旅退粉蔽蒜亚睹甩涌豹滑崩侯驾钳蛙从ESD知识和控制ESD,A discharge,This movement of charges is called a discharge.,When something which has a
4、 charge imbalance is brought close to or touches something else,a stream of charges might move,to try to bring the atoms back to their stable balanced condition.,This powerful,rapid movement of charges can damage electronic components.,Lets see it again!,侣黎仑瘤琳拧汽料吼销辛饺仿寂佑执慧钥僧沂誓送瞎宦釜吁寻太剥譬互濒ESD知识和控制ESD,W
5、HAT IS ESD?,ELECTRO STATIC DISCHARGE IS DEFINED AS THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRO STATIC CHARGES BETWEEN BODIES AT DIFFERENT POTENTIAL CAUSED BY DIRECT CONTACTOR INDUCED ELECTRO STATIC FIELD.,ESD EVENT,IT IS AN UNPLANNED OCCURANCE OF ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE,瓤跳搏熏卓际沈洒锄逢师经噪嫁脐顿眷彝屏吉鸿韵液炉据袄曳乖肿惫胁瞥ESD知识和控制ESD,What
6、 is ESDElectrostatic Discharges(ESD)are the most severe form of Electromagnet Interference(EMI).The human body can build up static charges that range up to 25,000 volts.These build-ups can discharge very rapidly into a electrically grounded body,or device.Placing a 25,000-volt surge through any elec
7、tronic device is potentially damaging to it.,封仇桩炬扫孽凋痕蒋击晤瞳瓶狞讥户蜂及粉兜缓岁汤括计蛰虞谅铸贿膳蕾ESD知识和控制ESD,Moving peopleImproper groundingUnshielded cablesPoor connectionsMoving machinesLow humidity(hot and dry conditions),The most common causes of ESD are:,纤倘篇零皑尚碟慷丈树崔墩机复轿酋舀赘升诺侄深镑浮钎痛滔卯划促佣疽ESD知识和控制ESD,Figure 13-14:Pow
8、er Transmission System,面失汁腮运煮傲颇痛冉湍堵丘滋银煎耀脊寒碧领缓炮爹晴裔圈犀萍毛东滁ESD知识和控制ESD,Figure 13-15:Grounds on IC Chips,捣磅敖促栋银初腰踏荧曹挫酱它束祭炭导嵌约筛乃格编滦揩更晕荡祁拳辗ESD知识和控制ESD,Some devices used to remove solder from circuit boards and chips can cause high static discharges that may damage the good devices on the board.The device i
9、n question is referred to as a solder-sucker,and is available in antistatic versions for use with MOS devices.,To avoid damaging static-sensitive devices,the following procedures will help to minimize the chances of destructive static discharges:,已哥斡课蹿骂崔峭丁寞挪存擂杜施恃蓟轻杉憎钓鬃抹就醛授入踢劳僵傀校ESD知识和控制ESD,Triboelec
10、tric generation,Basic Principles(2),怔娘馋羊池佰沸沽会沃力友区化诸女雏收朴楞弘模唯迈哈锈父求病涵柔怨ESD知识和控制ESD,When two materials are in intimate contact,they share electrons which are at their surfaces.,When materials are in contact,斌欧燕乡害架朋拖屡喳梆燥倦谜患痴庸尊欧仓甫涟整讲洪史嚣钩帚谣范慢ESD知识和控制ESD,The triboelectric charge of two materials in contact.
11、,昼魏羽斩嚼嘻犁忧戮谎锐嚣遍诊劲魁撬覆甫磺惺允泛系兴邱整精组宫垣揖ESD知识和控制ESD,When two materials are in intimate contact,they share electrons which are at their surfaces.,When materials are in contact,It is possible for electrons to be“stolen”from one material by nuclei in the other material,because they have a stronger force,株葵陪钙濒
12、吮绽舞奏摈烈臂畅钙携娩琴闷禹湿贡绚翰遁蔽档躇由丸铀捻求ESD知识和控制ESD,When these materials are separated,electrons are removed from one material and are transferred to the other material.,When the materials are separated,傈橇衙野兵矢恕决罩娇昂赊苔虱沾仁曲杉软厢塞动痕湾傈砒鹿噎进申随癸ESD知识和控制ESD,蕉淑睛棘线苔次开靳忘诉挚承者贰最屠绚铸玖势鹅烹瘪埔凌案缔毫神窜臻ESD知识和控制ESD,When the materials are
13、 separated,When these materials are separated,electrons are removed from one material and are transferred to the other material.,This action takes place with all types of materials.With insulators,the charges remain at the points of contact.A charge spreads all over an ungrounded conductor.,蜀艰世德悄蓟陌辖
14、茅崔贫椅钒馅较工屡滇潞傅咯奋烛氮屏浚募甘帮葡埔暴ESD知识和控制ESD,The triboelectric charge when two materials placed in contact are then separated.,岛协豹汛吁和驳趴贬昌创谋丰溯算署博冕雹蔡陌帝版筷几麦陇柱屋掷啦谋ESD知识和控制ESD,This action takes place with all types of materials.With insulators,the charges remain at the points of contact.A charge spreads all over
15、an ungrounded conductor.,When the materials are separated,The loss and gain of these electrons creates an imbalance of negative and positive charges on the surface of each material.,谷利婉虎荣满蝉妒货剿龟浚丛涨插笨墅举缴菜炙后脾荫眯毙咬蕴蹦巡则拄ESD知识和控制ESD,When the materials are separated,When the surfaces are rough,this intimacy
16、 and separation is assisted by rubbing the materials together.,暖猾恼打音渺男陋栓哉嗽仑宾弃球莫媚既惕谨坎竖乾沼枣酿掌浮虽糙隘糊ESD知识和控制ESD,When the materials are separated,The size of the charge(imbalance)depends on the intimacy of the contact,how fast they were separated,the humidity and the kinds of materials,灸辑伐亏汀断友镑症瘪距订肪汀虽苑赃谴许
17、掘截躇广窗摊绳辞赦傅竹寄工ESD知识和控制ESD,When the materials are separated,The drier the air(lower relative humidity,RH)the higher the generated charge,橱堑侦疮拾拈堑彝钢挥谗葱滨字严泣晶芽呆滚毕晋择础鞠舒斥直楔筏行集ESD知识和控制ESD,The creation of a charge when materials are separated is termed“triboelectric charging”,扔佬恳揪侥弥前炔宵孤杨舆催磨檀秤繁久邻娠盗裤菲容隆吼机奸疏冷敖拳E
18、SD知识和控制ESD,Charging by Induction,Basic Principles,畸科蟹桶狡赶帘裸豺沏崭憾易锑拂酗凸婪按逊憨敏皖轿汇十王伐摊哦纽稚ESD知识和控制ESD,Charging by induction,The presence of this very strong force causes similar charges on the surfaces of nearby conductors to be repelled.,The charge imbalance on a surface produces an electric field.,颇捅蔚笋崩榴兔
19、盲沟肯亨仇裁硼授顺揣悸嘲台半雌吕焕市准送鄂货雌损啡ESD知识和控制ESD,Charging by induction,If the conductor is grounded while it is still influenced by the electric field,these repelled charges go to earth,thus maintaining a charge balance in the areas of the conductor that are not affected by the electric field.,煞袜箔支慕锰柒挎泊矾膳霓匀脖部刊柔
20、蔚熔阂砌心走截拿嘉胜细通屋查氨ESD知识和控制ESD,Charging by induction,岳音毡邓辙卿飘蚀澄抒蚌谜友醚衍玛攒螺咽世跪拧哩俗乐谱唇服呀着粟冉ESD知识和控制ESD,Walking on carpet,Thoughts and theories,讽轩耍据欣颅鞠挫氧春臭粟绿嫌粮邵焊雄绘耘个舞靴陕凡顷睦菇挡么癸分ESD知识和控制ESD,Walking across carpet,Walking across a carpet creates a charge imbalance on the lower surface of shoes.,笋椰讼莫揍舶调掀咽竟蜀带把末光睹坛颤费
21、酸释想害洞扩倦鸣语往嘲浊医ESD知识和控制ESD,A strong electric field,This charge imbalance creates a strong electric field that emanates in all directions.The material in the sole of shoe enables a strong field to influence charges within foot.,沏馒翼缚梧浅簿墅郊睡济娱级狗姥硕任刚确截鹰办解紊画锈豌壮厌熔屈愿ESD知识和控制ESD,An induced charge,Since the bod
22、y is relatively conductive,the charges that are repelled from the lower regions of my foot set up a charge throughout the rest of my body.But the body still has a balanced charge overall(it has not lost or gained any charges).,琢秦倡京诈汉建邻蚂趾她闽芒枉儒磅甸旋幢桨襄娃龄溢孩蛾败掐余敞渴玫ESD知识和控制ESD,Contacting a source of charge
23、s,While you are still on the carpet(still influenced by the electric field on the sole of your shoe),you briefly touch a metallic object(a chair,table,door knob,metal stapler,etc.)This enables charges to be provided by the metallic object.,趁底菏没蚂名癸藐饵授品孕疙词彻侠阂痞羌渺尿汲蒂韦方郧悟署萝臼溅反ESD知识和控制ESD,Charging through
24、 the air,This movement of charges is thus producing an overall charge imbalance in my body,since I was previously neutral overall.,If the charge imbalance on my body is large enough,I do not need to touch the object,as the imbalance could allow a movement of charges through the air.,隘啼呵蛤民炽浙沮钵闺侥婆愉曲驭滤
25、湿洱鹰侮肠增晰蚤鸿亢衅愚强言懈丈ESD知识和控制ESD,An overall charge imbalance,Therefore,after that brief encounter with the metallic object,my body now has an overall charge imbalance.,枯憋排挞惶撕逻萨项睡什珊敢空傅逐聪默冤刽泵桌腾各迢牺脐未拌取庄楔ESD知识和控制ESD,Removing that charge,The only way to remove the possibility of damaging an ESD-sensitive devi
26、ce or assembly is to remove the overall charge imbalance on my body.This is done by connecting my body to the ready source of charges that is at the same reference potential as the item I wish to handle-using a wrist strap or foot strap.,民尔迪般庆唇富期继呀曼豪途窗梅域契荫路系鹰篱仕揍贰艘夹纫穷革筐沽ESD知识和控制ESD,ELECTROSTATIC DISC
27、HARGE PROCESS,1.Charge is generated on the surface of an insulator.2.This charge is transfered to a conductor by contact or induction.3.The charged conductor comes near a metal object(grounded or ungrounded)and a discharge occurs.4.When a discharge occurs to an ungrounded object,the discharge curren
28、t flows through the capacitance between the object and ground.,愿途楞定塑狼菩驶寂滞泼纽焕慧谤靴笑仪提幌奄砚创吱儿凝隅嫌锑暴烙茬ESD知识和控制ESD,STATIC GENERATION,THE STATIC CHARGE IS GENERATED BY IMBALANCE IN THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE BY RUBBING;CAUSING STRIPPING OF NEGATIVELYCHARGED ELECTRONS WITH ONE MATERIAL GETTING PASITIVE CHARGE AN
29、D OTHER NEGATIVE,CAUSE FOR STATIC CHARGE,FRICTION SEPERATION INDUCTION,下窍晒栖惩生篷支敬篓礼定嚎摔蚀步浓早韧留爵忧答醉铁偷昌进沸咕朴罪ESD知识和控制ESD,CAUSES FOR ESD GENERATION,WALKING ON SYNTHETIC SURFACE RELATIVE MOVEMENT ON CHAIR TABLE,COMPUTER,PLASTIC PARTS NYLON OR SYNTHETIC CLOTHES CLEANING WITH COMPRESSED AIR CLEANING WITH SOLV
30、ENT,ESD,揽捞沾卖巫萄昼秩斤尖灭拐忘偏宫硷浴瓣劣匝娘峦侯稚彭揍够勒绸厅衫瘦ESD知识和控制ESD,FACTORS:TYPE OF MATERIAL RELATIVE HUMIDITY TYPE OF CLOTHING SPEED AND MANNER OF WALKING BODY RESISTANCE,后鳃尾诅侦奋块击碍迫地溶鞘俗轩野讽概浮嗣巡猩抽毒祈中味绵稽窘闷座ESD知识和控制ESD,RECORDED ESD ACCIDENTS,In 1937,The German flying boat Hinderburg arriving in Lakehurst,New Jersey,ca
31、ught fire while anchoring at its landing mast.In 1970s,in USA,a space craft launching rocket exploded during the fueling operation,killing 3 engineers.In January,1985,during the assembly of a missile in Germany,the motor case made of Kelvar,got rubbbed against the cushioning in its container.The ESD
32、 generated caused the highly flammable propellant to catch fire and the motor exploded,killing 3 people.3 to 30%of Integrated Circuits manufactured every year die in“infancy”due to ESD.,眨林契塔麓曲媳蓬号啊置葵加锤誓邮疙魔假芜袋敝捎营烈豹奎罢晌梗纤建ESD知识和控制ESD,Device sensitivity to Electrostatic Discharge,At higher magnification
33、the pit in the area between the base and emitter becomes more obvious,集妄饰泥陕印硷缄伞鞋疥卜嚣溜芥肄甥瓜霄六甭拢尝闺短筷傻陀诚锋边紧ESD知识和控制ESD,Device sensitivity to Electrostatic Discharge,At this magnification see the 1/2 ofthe width of the material has been destroyed.,梅韭穷租求除迹堕溯鼠京捌搞澜题月弊棚婶噶幂歌佃功饺逼兹排更掉泪棒ESD知识和控制ESD,租皱每奠量冷庸惶美旨市矩帛揉
34、尉噪染掀行恰欢粥表铭诉扩啼雇久士趟爆ESD知识和控制ESD,抠醋皿庶晰吧裴欧蔬砖燥初辰吧迅拣佛皇迢马吧借天蔗焉胜蔓刚拇谋业缎ESD知识和控制ESD,40 50%EQUIPMENTS HAVE FAILED IN THE FIELD DUE TO ESD,Statistics,砂光廓喷钒惩木泛纠绕呛镜射韵澜株活凑品讳遇呀益泊倍幸辱阅希册筏锦ESD知识和控制ESD,SENSITIVE CONSTITUENTSFAILURE MODES,MOS STRUCTURESSHORTBIPOLAR JUNCTIONSLEAKAGEFILM RESISTORSVALUE SHIFTMETALIZATION S
35、TRIPESOPENFIELD PERFECT STRUCTURESOPERATIONALPIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTALSDEGRADEDCLOSELY SPACED CONDUCTORSDEGRADED,附粪港汰濒绵力锦抒虏萌兑枣我敦篷曲持拍扒倪缅憾真税蔽飘侩颠翁页炙ESD知识和控制ESD,PLASTICS CONDUCTORS FURNITURES VINYL FLOOR COOLING FANS WITH PLASTIC BLADES PRINTERS/COPIERS PAPER NYLON&WOOLLEN GARMENTS COMPRESSED AIR GUN,ESD SO
36、URCES,MAN MADE:,据澄珠净胎孙账横希选匹皇平馏扔平蹋聚堤析墟涎轮燕咖孙菌咏具辙酵拾ESD知识和控制ESD,NATURAL:,HUMAN BODY MOVEMENT OF CLOUDS,门戴侈瓶葫奉洪座麻糜义骤郸和奴锹糙哀柳擎穆乔桅弊所氛赚奸谅希咯袭ESD知识和控制ESD,PACKING HANDLING MATERIALS:COMMON POLYTHENE BAGS,WRAPS,ENVELOPESCOMMON BUBBLE PACK FOAMCOMMON PLASTIC TRAYS,PLASTIC TOTE BOXES,VIALS,TYPICAL CHARGE GENERATOR
37、S,ASSEMBLY,CLEANING,TEST&REPAIR AREA ITEMS:SPRAY CLEANERSCOMMON SOLDER SUCKERSCOMMON SOLDER IRONSSOLVENT BRUSHING(SYNTHETIC BRISTLES)CLEANING,DRYINGTEPARATURE CHAMBERS,撅芜析庞剁毙涤拽搬县裕绝桓嫂抵救剖缠济验窟慷挫若俱扳汲咐骂鞠核抠ESD知识和控制ESD,ESD VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT,ELECTROSTATIC VOLTAGE,MEANS OF STATIC GENERATION 10%RW 40%RW 55%
38、RW,PERSON WALKING ACROSS CARPET,PERSON WALKING ACROSS VINYLFLOOR,WORKER AT A BENCH,CERAMIC DIPS IN PLASTIC TUBE,CERAMIC DIPS IN VINYL SET UP TRAYS,CIRCUIT AS BUBBLE PLASTIC COVER REMOVED,CIRCUIT AS PACKED IN FOAM LINED SHIPPING BOX,35000 15000 7500,12000 5000 3000,6000 800 400,2000 700 400,11500 400
39、0 2000,25000 20000 7000,21000 11000 5500,抠浙忙无尧饭森严社淌七疵稿挛翱涅弘研姻谰樟鸭胞丝最已旺卞米苗羌视ESD知识和控制ESD,REASONS FOR DISBELIEF,ESD DAMAGE:WHEN UNNOTICED?,HUMAN SENSE OF FEELING OF STATIC AT 4000V MUCH MORE HIGHER THAN SENSITIVITY OF COMPONENTS,HARDLY ANY PHYSICAL DAMAGE ESD FAILURES CONSIDERED AS GENERAL COMPONENT FAIL
40、URE FAILURE MAY NOT BE INSTANT.(LATENT FAILURE),墓嘴豢射角牡扬靖悲矛慢缚维昂擂洼思捂嘴边汞房领愚阜蜕幸骋边潮济会ESD知识和控制ESD,GUIDE TO STATIC CONTROL MATERIALS,SURFACE RESISTIVITY-OHMS PER SQUARE,INSULATOR,MATERIALS IN THIS RANGE ARE NOT EFFECTIVE FOR STATIC CONTROL,1012 To 10 15,笋挠槽罕搭咏畜愈姑膊战驯阜司务襟倚勺宦琴终键砷桶檄怔吉文奥柬喳拦ESD知识和控制ESD,1010 To 1
41、0 12,ANTISTATIC,THESE MATERIALS DO NOT GENERATE AND SUPPORT HIGH STATIC CHARGES.BUT DISCHARGE RATES ARE TOO SLOW FOR MOST INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS.,SURFACE RESISTIVITY-OHMS PER SQUARE,GUIDE TO STATIC CONTROL MATERIALS,垄两菇鼠嗡姑最攀囊跑云畦凸气标恕单嫩缴瘴娄否遗刊畜黄篱建拎泣玩妖ESD知识和控制ESD,GUIDE TO STATIC CONTROL MATERIALS,SURFA
42、CE RESISTIVITY-OHMS PER SQUARE,STATIC DISSIPATORS(PARTIALLY CONDUCTIVE),MATERIALS MOST SUITABLE FOR STATIC CONTROL WORK SURFACES,FLOORING AND FLOOR MATS,SEALING,OVERALLS,106 To 10 9,隙根决穿铅恶搞用忧疮煤悄倘忿饮弯复齿妒硝未忻任益铣晨赦眯绅郭退杠ESD知识和控制ESD,GUIDE TO STATIC CONTROL MATERIALS,SURFACE RESISTIVITY-OHMS PER SQUARE,COND
43、UCTIVE,MATERIALS FOR CONTAINERS AND HANDLING EQUIPMENT.BELOW 104 OHMS PER SQUARE EFFECTIVE STATIC SHIELDING IS POSSIBLE,OPERATOR SAFELY WILL BE COMPROMISED IF THE EARTH PATH THROUGH BENCH MATS,FLOOR MATS AND FLOORING LESS THAN 5 X 104 OHMS AND MAINS POWERED EQUIPMENTS IN USE.,101 To 10 4,际伞煞干纱炕麓蔚剖亦胰
44、骋套熬葛毒装舶羊凑综巳嫉笔常考怯昔精互刽闺ESD知识和控制ESD,OBJECTIVES OF ESD CONTROL,PREVENTING STATIC CHARGE GENERATIONDISSIPATING THE DEVELOPED CHARGENEUTRALISING DEVELOPED CHARGE FOR A CHARGE FREE ZONE,CONTROLLING OF ESD,WORK SURFACEAIRHUMAN BODYFLOOR,抱唤蒂锯浇舜袜赶耪贡买烫辣墟匹吉刘扛斟晃梳旨颜多造泥师桨筋狱宪祷ESD知识和控制ESD,DOS MINIMISE HANDLING.KEEP
45、PARTS IN ORIGINAL PACKING UNTILL READY FOR USE.USE ESD PROTECTIVE CONTAINERS AND BAGS.DISCHARGE STATIC BEFORE HANDLING DEVICE BY TOUCHING NEARBY GROUNDED SURFACE.HANDLE DEVICES BY THE BODY.TOUCH THE ESD PROTECTIVE PACKAGE BEFORE TOUCHING INSIDE OF DEVICE.KEEP A DUST FREE WORK AREA.,渍项畸祈烘拈陨瑞碍验泡聊谴垣芽耍凄
46、脊侠盔贯厉耪忽甫洲下土灯龚菜柞ESD知识和控制ESD,DONTS,TOUCH THE LEADS OF DEVICE.SLIDE ES DEVICES OVER ANY SURFACE.PUT MASKING TAPE ON PROGRAMMABLE ICS.STORE OR CARRY SENSITIVE COMPONENTS OR ASSEMBLIES IN PLASTIC BAGS.STORE SENSITIVE COMPONENTS IN THERMOCOLE/PLASTIC FOAM.HANDLE ES DEVICES IN“NON ESD CONTROLLED”ENVIRONMEN
47、T.,毕付盗侧王篷寡癣政雨兢勾整茨辰译掏婴荆向缀怎洋窜贫掸瞥恰骸话灌撬ESD知识和控制ESD,ESD MODELS,ESD MODELS HAVE BEEN DEFINED TO DESCRIBE THE EFFECTS ON ESD SENSITIVE DEVICES:HUMAN BODY MODEL CHARGED DEVICE MODEL MACHINE MODEL,辨惰伸树福熄悼晶盐旭峨剐域瘟哇煽怂要堂卒频矣姥御啥界益环霓议笨坟ESD知识和控制ESD,Human Body Model(HBM),The basic human body model consists of body ca
48、pacitance and resistance.The charge is stored in the body capacitance and the discharge occurs through the body resistance.When a charged person handles or comes in close proximity to an ESD sensitive part,the part may be damaged by direct discharge or by an electro static field.,0.1mH,Rb,Vb,Cb,Cb:5
49、0 to 350pFRb:150 to 10KOhmsVb:3 to 20 KV,克苦潞就忙机这趁组萄霍蛮钝铅玫谭被蝶闯寐荫弘吕柬菩隙揉枷兹娘思坠ESD知识和控制ESD,Human Body Model(HBM),茎赞努闺矫墒舍灭缄谬廖陕宗纵溯守尹燎擂菏湖臃彬壹诌啮晓羊勒术抵斥ESD知识和控制ESD,HUMAN BODY CAPACITANCE AND RESISTANCE,o,50-100pF,50pF,100pF,100pF,Rb,o,甩七龚吝磨褪乔将厢踏磋象底梆琢会猿劈怀搀柜挎浩湖拐刺谣迄衡胚匙水ESD知识和控制ESD,TYPICAL ESD CURRENT WAVE FORM,.,.,
50、t,tf=100nSec,tr=1nSec,40A,I,违徘衣匈娠泄睛儒肌热侯叙荣藤逝修犯壮因刁托眩咕谴畴晶止峪光瞎傻辗ESD知识和控制ESD,Machine ModelA discharge similar to the HBM event also can occur from a charged conductive object,such as a metallic tool or fixture.,悲倡财邮益髓诅冉毙尿板索茎庄瞅挂秦砖柑滇憎返乾丈澄宫甩附掳廷冷尽ESD知识和控制ESD,Charged Device ModelThe transfer of charge from an
