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1、本英文版为内部资料，仅供参考，以中文版为准。The Chinese version of standards has precedence to their English translations which are only for internal reference.中华人民共和国行业标准Industrial Standard of the Peoples Republic of ChinaJTJ 034-93公路路面基层施工技术规范Technical Specifications for Construction of Highway Roadbases Compiled by: T
2、he Road Science Research Institute of the Ministry of CommunicationsApproved by: Ministry of Communications of the Peoples Republic of China Issue Date：1993-07-29 Implementation Date：1993-12-01Issued by the Ministry of Communications of the Peoples Republic of ChinaPeoples Communications PressNotice
3、 on Issuance of the Trade Standard of the Communications Industry“Technical Specifications for Construction of Highway Roadbases”Jiao Gong Fa 1993 No. 761This is to approve the issuance of the trade standard of the communications industry, the “Technical Specifications for Construction of Highway Ro
4、adbases” (Code number JTJ034-93), which is to be implemented as of December 1, 1993. The former “Technical Specifications for Construction of Highway Roadbases” issued by the Ministry of Communications in 1985 shall be annulled at the same time.The Road Science Research Institute of the Ministry of
5、Communications shall be responsible for interpretation of this Code. We hope all users of this Code will pay attention to accumulating data information, summing up experience and notify by letter the Road Science Research Institute of any problems identified and comments on the correction for refere
6、nce in future amendment.Ministry of Communications of the Peoples Republic of China July 29, 19931 General1.0.1 This Code is formulated with a view to meet the requirement of highway construction in our country, build the highway roadbases with quality in compliance with the requirement and prevent
7、early destruction of the surface layer due to poor quality of the base layer.1.0.2 The principal load bearing layer laid with high quality material, which is located directly under the bitumen surface layer(s) (may be one layer, two layers or three layers), or the layer laid with high quality materi
8、al, which is located directly under the cement concrete face plate, is referred to as base layer.The secondary load bearing layer under the bitumen surface layer(s), or the auxiliary layer under the cement concrete roadbase, is referred to as sub-base.1.0.3 This Code is applicable for construction o
9、f cement concrete road surface, and base layer and sub-base of semi-rigid road surface or flexible road surface, for new and rebuilt highways of various classes.1.0.4 In this Code, speedway (including double width and single width speedway) and first-class highway fall into one class, second-class h
10、ighways (including second-class expressway) and below fall into another, and the technical requirements of roadbases and respective construction methods are also provided. 1.0.5 This Code defines the construction and quality management requirements for clay cement, clay lime, clay lime industrial sl
11、ag, graded macadam, graded gravels, and gap-filling macadam.1.0.6 In the event bituminous macadam mixture and bituminous penetrated macadam are used to make the base layer, the technical requirements, construction method and quality management shall be in compliance with GBJ 92-93 “Code for Construc
12、tion and Acceptance of Bitumen Road Surface”.1.0.7 When lean concrete and roller compaction concrete are used to make the base layer, the technical requirements, construction method and quality management shall be in compliance with the national standard GBJ92-94 “Code for Construction and Acceptanc
13、e of Cement Concrete Road Surface” and this Code.1.0.8 For any intermediate class road surface officially designed, the base layer structure as described in this Code shall be adopted as the principal load bearing layer, above which sand gravels, aggregate chip clay and sand clay may be used to make
14、 the surface wearing layer.1.0.9The technical requirements, construction methods and quality management for the bed course shall be in compliance with the stipulations of this Code for the sub-base of similar material.1.0.10 Both clay cement and clay lime as cited in this Code are broadly sensed. Th
15、is involves not only stabilization of various fine-grained clay (such as various clayey clay, sand and aggregate chips), but also stabilization of various medium-grained and coarse-grained clay (such as sand gravel clay, macadam clay, graded sand gravel and graded macadam).1.0.11 This Code takes the
16、 aggregate crushing value to represent the crushing resistance of sand material.1.0.12 This Code gives specific requirements of compactness for construction of various base layers. Also the maximal dry density obtained from the modified compaction test is adopted as the standard dry density.1.0.13 T
17、he test methods referred to in this Code shall be in compliance with regulations of the Ministry of communications regarding test specifications.2 Clay Cement2.1 General Provisions2.1.1 Clay is classified into the following classes according to the size and composition of individual grains (includin
18、g macadam, gravel and sand grains):Fine-grained clayMaximal grain size 10mm, and content of 2mm grains not less than 90%;Medium-grained clayMaximal grain size 30mm, and content of 20mm grains not less than 85%;Coarse-grained clayMaximal grain size 50mm, and content of 40mm grains not less than 85%;N
19、ote: not including clay clod or clump.2.1.2 Mix sufficient quantity of cement and water into crushed or originally incompact clay (including various coarse-, medium- and fine-grained clay). After compaction and curing of the blended mixture, when the compaction strength meets the specified requireme
20、nt, such clay is referred to as clay cement.Mixture obtained by stabilizing Arenosol, mealy clay and clayey clay with cement is referred to as clay cement for short; mixture obtained by stabilizing sand with cement is referred to as sand cement for short.Mixture obtained by stabilizing coarse-graine
21、d clay and medium-grained clay with cement can be referred to as macadam cement (graded macadam and unscreened macadam), sand gravel cement, etc, depending on the material used.2.1.3 Mixture obtained by stabilizing a certain clay with both cement and lime is referred to as stabilized clay.2.1.4 Ceme
22、nt dosage is represented by the percentage of cement mass to the mass of all coarse and fine grains (i.e., gravel, sand grain, powder and adhesive grains). That is, cement dosage = mass of cement / mass of dry clay.2.1.5 Clay cement is suitable for use as the base layer and sub-base of roads of vari
23、ous traffic categories. But clay cement shall not be used as the base layer of high level bitumen road surface. It can be only used as the sub-layer in such case. Clay cement shall also not be used as the base course under the cement concrete face plates of speedway and first-class highway.2.1.6 Whe
24、n clay cement is used as the base layer, the cement dosage shall be controlled not to exceed 6%. Where necessary, the gradation of aggregates shall be first improved before stabilizing with cement.Note: This refers to the case of stabilizing medium-grained and coarse-grained clay with cement. Where
25、only fine-grained clay cement can be used to make the base course or when the strength of cement stabilized aggregates is required to be significantly higher than the stipulation, the cement dosage is not subject to such limitation.2.1.7 Clay cement structural layer should be constructed at end of s
26、pring or in a high temperature season. The minimum temperature during the construction period shall be above 5. In freezing areas, this shall be completed half to one month before coming of the first heavy freezing (-3-5).2.1.8 During construction of clay cement, particularly clay cement structural
27、layer in rainy season, particular attention shall be paid to the whether change so as to prevent the cement and mixture from rainwater. Construction shall be stopped in case of rain, but the already spread cement mixture shall be compacted quickly. Measures shall be taken to remove the surface water
28、 of the lower bearing layer so that the aggregates transported onto the road will not get excessively wet.2.1.9 During construction of the clay cement structural layer, the following stipulations must be observed:(1) Clay clods shall be crushed as much as possible, with the maximal size not to excee
29、d 15mm;(2) Dosage must be accurate;(3) Cement spreading must be uniform (for road-mixing method);(4) Water spray and mixing must be uniform;(5) The thickness and elevation of the base layer must be strictly controlled; the road crown and transversal slope shall be consistent with the surface layer;(
30、6) Roller compaction shall be conducted when the mixture in containing exactly or slightly higher than the optimal water content, until the following compactness as determined by the modified compaction test is reached:Base layer:Speedway and first-class highway98%Second-class highway and belowMediu
31、m- and coarse-grained clay cement97%Fine-grained clay cement93%Sub-base:Speedway and first-class highwayMedium- and coarse-grained clay cement96%Fine-grained clay cement95%Second-class highway and belowMedium- and coarse-grained clay cement95%Fine-grained clay cement93%(7) The clay cement structural
32、 layer shall be rolled by means of above 12t road roller. In the event 1215t three-wheel road roller is used, the compaction thickness of each layer shall not exceed 15cm in the event 1820t three-wheel road roller is used, the compaction thickness of each layer shall not exceed 20cm. Where large cap
33、acity vibratory roller is used for medium- and coarse-grained clay cement, or where vibratory sheep-foot roller is used in combination with three-wheel roller for fine-grained clay cement, the compaction thickness of each layer can be appropriately increased. When the compaction thickness has exceed
34、ed the above stipulation, laying by layers shall be adopted, with the minimal compaction thickness of each layer being 10cm and the lower layers being thicker. Fine-grained clay cement shall be compacted first by light load and then by heavy load road roller;(8) Road-mixing construction must be stri
35、ctly organized. The flow production process shall be adopted to reduce the delay time from mixing with water to completion of rolling as much as possible. This delay tine shall not exceed 34h, and shall be shorter than the final setting time of the cement. When the centralized shop mixing method is
36、adopted, the delay time shall not exceed 23h;(9) Curing must be conducted with moist maintained, so that the stabilized clay layer will not get dry on the surface or get dry and wet repeatedly;(10) When no seal coat or surface course is laid on top of the clay cement base layer, except construction
37、vehicles, no motor vehicles shall be allowed the access.2.1.10 During construction of clay cement, it is forbidden to use laminar patching for leveling.2.1.11 Where only a small amount of cement is used to improve the plasticity index of graded gravel or increase the strength of graded gravel so as
38、to make it suitable for use in the base of bitumen surface layer on light load traffic road, but the strength requirement specified in Table 2.3.3-2 can not be satisfied, such material may be referred to as cement modified clay. The performance is equivalent to that of graded gravel and the fitful t
39、raffic volume is also the same as that of graded gravel. The construction method may make reference to this Code.2.1.12 For ordinary highway at second-class or below, the clay cement base layer and sub-base can be constructed by the road-mixing method. However, for second-class highway, special purp
40、ose stabilized clay mixer shall be used.2.1.13 For first-class highway and speedway, except the lower layer of the sub-base directly laid on the clay base, which can be constructed with stabilized clay mixer and road-mixing method, all other stabilized clay layers above it shall be constructed by bl
41、ending the mixture with the centralized shop mixing method and spreading the base mixture with spreading machine.2.1.14 The clay cement base layer and sub-base shall not be constructed by the manual mixing method.2.2 Material2.2.1 Clay Any clay that can be economically crushed can be stabilized with
42、 cement. In actual practice, the following stipulations shall be complied with:2.2.1.1 For second-class highway and below(1) When clay cement is used as sub-base, the maximal size of grain shall not exceed 50mm, the clay grain composition shall fall within the range listed in Table 2.2.1-1, the coef
43、ficient of uniformity of clay shall be greater than 5, the liquid limit of fine-grained clay shall not exceed 40, and the plasticity index shall not exceed 17. In practical application, clay with coefficient of uniformity larger than 10 and plasticity index smaller than 12 should be selected. Clay p
44、lasticity index larger than 17 should be stabilized with lime or with cement and lime together.Table 2.2.1-1 Grain composition range for aggregates that can be stabilized with cement(Sub-base of second-class highway and below)Mesh size(mm)5050.50.0750.002Pass percent (weight)1005010015100050030Notes
45、: refers to square hole screen; in case of round hole screen, the maximal size can be 1.21.25 times the listed value, same as below.Remark All screens used in tables and figures of this Code are square hole screens. Where corresponding square hole screen is not available, two gradation curves may fi
46、rst be drawn on the logarithmic coordinate system for grain composition. Then identify the position or point of the required screen hole, make a perpendicular line from this point to intersect with the two curves (as showen with figure 2.2.1). Draw horizontal lines from these intersection points, wh
47、ich then interest with the vertical coordinate. The pass percent of the required grain size is thus obtained.The ratio of the screen hole size with 60% pass to that with 10% pass is referred to as coefficient of uniformity of clay.This stipulation involves fine-grained clay. For medium- and coarse-g
48、rained clay, if the content of 0.5mm grains in the clay is below 30%, it is acceptable to have a slightly larger plasticity index (liquid limit measured with 100g statocone).(2) When clay cement is used as base layer, the maximal size of clay grain shall not exceed 40mm. The grain composition of clay should fall within the range of the curves, which shall be smooth ones, in Fig. 2.2.1. The range of grain
