mn关于储罐施工现场自动焊焊接纵横缝的工艺及焊接角变形.doc

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1、the principle of simplified EIA of construction projects in the region. In terms of land, linked to the implementation of urban and rural construction land increase and decrease, replacement indicators for priority areas project. Charges, into the projects of water, electricity, administrative charg

2、es and preferential policies. In the area of taxation, and settled in areas of industry and its production company, within 5 years after the completion of fiscal incentives to enterprises. In terms of financing, integration of land, tax, financial and other resources, and construct Government credit

3、 + business credit credit system, establishment of marketization, commercialization and modernization of the investment and financing platform; effective Bank-enterprise docking, encourages private capital into the Park, to raise industry development fund. 5, optimize the environment and service ind

4、ustries. To create policy lowlands, Highlands, integrity of service land, development land as the goal, to optimize the area under development environment. All administrative law enforcement departments to appoint a full-time personnel stationed in areas dedicated to coordinating and solving problem

5、s associated with businesses in this sector. When there are substantial issues, sector leaders arranged to personally intervene, in-person, in-person push tangible area building a green light, easy line. To further reduce and standardize administrative examination and approval items, simplify examin

6、ation and approval links, improve efficiency; according to the .Since the educational practice of the mass line of the party, himself seriously in the education, practical control central eight rules and opposing the four winds and practicing three Suns, and check the spirit of Jiao Yulu, ideology,

7、solicit opinions based on outstanding problems checked swing, careful analysis and reflection. Will now check report is as follows: first, adherence to the partys political discipline, eight in the central provision, change the style of the basic situation of 1, in compliance with the partys politic

8、al disciplines. Conscientiously abide by the partys political discipline, abide by the Constitution and the rules and regulations of the party, in the political, ideological and maintain highly consistent with the CPC Central Committee on the action, there is no violation of the partys political dis

9、cipline problems. 2, in the implementation of the central authorities of the eight provisions. Improving research, improving research methods, but there are less grass-roots units, primary first-hand an inadequate grasp of the problem, which is to be strengthened in the future. Second, construction,

10、 strictly in accordance with the provisions to streamline and improve the quality of meetings of the Conference. Third, streamlining file briefs, culture involves all aspects of propaganda and ideology, sometimes due to the practical needs of invention notifications, this area needs further关于储罐施工现场自

11、动焊焊接纵横缝和罐底的工艺及焊接角变形一 焊接纵环缝角变形说明1. 在储罐施工现场引起纵环缝角变形的原因主要有两点。A .安装组对变形,就是板材安装焊缝组对时,为了试焊前满足焊缝内的间隙,达到工艺要求,强制组对,而产生的角变形。B .焊接变形,纵环缝焊接时会对焊缝内侧和焊缝两侧进行局部加热,就会因为热涨冷缩的原理,产生应力,而产生角变形。2. 储罐现场罐体环缝焊接所产生的角变形。由于焊接应力和焊接热收缩影响,在焊接壁板外侧时相反的一侧会出现角变形。由于焊接焊缝外侧时,壁板已向外倾斜,即焊接焊缝内测时,为了解决角变形和罐体的整体垂直度,达到工艺要求,就要更好的控制焊缝内侧的焊接量。3. 如果焊道

12、向内倾斜的数值小于或大于向外测倾斜的数值,产生的误差值超出允许的数值时,壁板垂直度就达不到标准的工艺要求,影响大型储罐的正常使用,控制角变形的主要措施就是焊接工艺参数和内侧焊道清根量大小的确定和控制二焊接罐底和罐底三缝角变形说明1. 在储罐施工现场引起罐底焊缝角变形的原因主要有叁点。a. 安装组对变形,就是板材安装焊缝组对时,为了试焊前满足焊缝内的间隙,达到工艺要求,强制组对,而产生的角变形。b. 没按施工工艺要求,隔道或者顺序试焊,又没采取有效的措施,产生的角变形。c. 焊接变形,平缝焊接时会对焊缝内侧和焊缝两侧进行局部加热,就会因为热涨冷缩的原理,产生应力,而产生角变形.2. 在储罐施工现

13、场引起罐底三缝角变形的原因主要有两点。A , 焊接变形,角缝焊接时未按工艺要求,分段焊接或者焊接厚度未达到工艺要求。B , 防焊接变形要提前做支撑,防止角变形过量三埋弧环缝工艺参数清根控制减少角变形1 ,环焊缝焊接工艺控制角变形以及工艺要求: 通过控制焊接工艺参数,在保证焊接质量的前提下,尽量在焊接线能量以内输入,从而减小角变形。环缝焊接控制前后使用的工艺参数为(以第一圈环焊缝为例:变厚为32mm/25mm):电流电压外侧参数(电流A:350-500电压U:26-30焊接数度40-65),内侧电流电压参数(电流A380-500电压U:26-30焊接数度42-70)。2 ,环焊缝内部清根量控制角

14、变形 焊道内侧清根量大小的确定,和控制通过焊道内侧清根深度和宽度来满足焊接技术要求。由于自动焊在外侧焊接时,因为焊接工艺参数及装备质量的误差影响,焊接第一圈环焊缝的角变形量也大不相同,所以在内侧清根前,由质检员负责使用1米长的直线样板检查变形量的大小,来确定内侧的清根量的大小,参考值为较薄板厚度60%左右,变形量大的地方清根量要比变形量小的地方深,这样对角变形较为有利。以第一圈环焊缝为例板厚在32MM-25MM之间环焊缝角变形量大约在10-26mm之间,清根控制在8-15之间。通过调整清根量,将向外产生的超差变形矫正过来,以确保壁板的垂直度,内侧使用砂轮机清根时把钝边全部清除。四, 纵焊缝焊接

15、角变形说明以及控制壁板纵焊缝焊接变形有;壁板焊接时内倾角变形,壁板向内倾直接影响管壁板的垂直度。另外,由于每圈壁板的焊接角变形不同,在下圈壁板焊接完成后,进行组对上圈板时,必须要进行强力组对或使用背杠,才能使上下两圈壁板达到设计图纸要求的内表面平齐标准,这样,就对壁板的垂直度产生了很大影响,使壁板垂直度超差,必须采取以下控制措施:1 ,采用壁板安装组对反变形措施由于纵缝下口拘束度大,上口拘束下,使得上口收缩大而下口收缩小,纵缝焊接后壁板普遍向内倾,向内倾斜程度因板厚度以及板宽度而有所不同,因此在壁板纵缝组对时采用预倾斜法控制其垂直度,以板厚25MM。板规格为120002400壁板材质:SPV4

16、90Q的第二圈为例来说明问题,经过对以往储罐焊接数据的分析,纵缝焊接后垂直度偏差14MM左右,而焊接前9MM以内为合格(标准要求每圈的垂直度允许偏差为该圈壁板高度的3%),纵缝焊焊接后垂直度超差为5mm左右。为解决纵缝焊接后壁板向内倾斜的问题,在壁板纵缝组队时壁板采用比标准值往外倾斜5MM左右来控制其垂直度。2 ,采用控制焊接工艺参数和工件辅助来控制角变形对于板厚25mm以上采用双面成型的油罐壁板,如果不采用适当措施,非常容易产生棱角变形,因为在焊接纵缝外侧时,内侧用龙门板(用来固定背侧铜背杠,这是立焊机工艺所决定)对向内的角变形产生拘束,从而阻止了外侧时产生向内侧的角变形,而在焊接内侧时需将

17、龙门板去掉,而又未采取其他有效控制措施时,导致产生的角变形超差,焊接角变形值(以第三圈板为例:板厚20MM、板规格为:120002400、壁板材质:spv490q)在12-17mm之间(允许偏差10MM)。3 ,通过改变焊接破口的尺寸来控制纵缝角变形 为控制壁板组装、焊接变形,25mm、32mm后壁板破口采用双Y型:在厚度反方向上,纵缝破口内外侧比例为4:6图纸要求(5:5)纵缝焊接完成后,内侧用砂轮机进行清根,在保证将钝边,焊接缺陷清理掉后,必须保证请跟后,纵缝内外破口比例为6:4.这样能能保证焊接时产生向内的角变形大一些,来矫正向外产生的角变形。五, 储罐施工现场手用工具及机卡具1. 大龙

18、门板2. 小龙门板3. 铁销子4. 圆销子5. 撬杠6. 手锤7. 边缘板蝴蝶卡子8. 底圈壁板定位块9. 地圈壁板斜支撑10. 立缝卡具11. 丝杠12. 立缝组对加固弧形板13. 豆腐块14. 吊装吊耳15. 7字板16. 涨圈固定恰17. 液压升降吊耳18. 挡板19. 轨道20. 长槽钢储罐现场施工及焊接一 罐底板的焊接1. 焊接前的处理及采用的焊接方法 在施工现场安装有两台小型空气压缩机,当罐底板铺设、组对、定位焊到一定程度后,采用压缩空气对坡口内的杂物进行吹扫,待杂物清理干净后采用电动钢刷对坡口两侧的铁锈和油污进行清理后进行焊接 。 打底焊:罐底板焊接采用CO2气体保护焊进行打底,

19、从中心向外依次进行焊接。 盖面焊:盖面焊采用自动焊, 依次从中间向外焊接长缝 。2. 垫板接缝处下面的小垫板处理 小垫板应根据大 板排列情况依次进行焊接;为了及时调整收缩量,不宜多焊。 中幅板的焊接各组块焊缝均采用从中心向两端跳焊法,跳焊长度大约450mm500mm。先进行首层打底焊,焊高5mm,其中两端部位,全部手工焊,中间部位自动焊填平。组块之间的长焊缝焊接,该焊缝焊接必须保证其间隙在范围之内,然后在短缝焊完后,点焊组块之间长缝,打掉连结板进行焊接,焊接时从罐中心向外进行跳焊,施焊时加上实际变形卡具进行手工焊打底,然后进行自动焊。组对是应考虑到焊接的收缩量。3. 走廊板的组焊 在中幅板长度

20、方向的焊缝组焊完毕后,再进行走廊板的焊接。 将走廊板与垫板压缝点焊,先焊短缝后焊长缝,长缝从中心向外部焊接。 焊缝丁字接头打底焊焊接完毕后,应进行渗透检测,合格后进行盖面焊接。 4. 罐底板异形端部的焊接 底板小板端部应预留500 mm焊道不进行焊接。 目的:便于组对龟甲缝过程中由于小板端部较长需要切割,不焊部分在组对 完龟甲缝、焊接龟甲缝前焊接完毕。 5. 龟甲缝,大角缝组焊 1)龟甲缝 龟甲缝垫板应在铺设边缘板前铺设完毕,铺设边缘板时点焊在边缘板上 。 排列罐底板外缘异形板时应预留60-100mm 长的余量,搭在边缘板上,然后用对口工具压紧固定 。 2) 底板和大角缝焊接结束后,按照图纸设

21、计要求的对口间隙 切割掉小板预留量,再使用对口卡具。3)底圈壁板与边缘板(即大角焊缝) 防止角度变形如。 大角缝焊接顺序:根据现有焊接经验先焊里面初层,然后焊外侧的初层。一般规律是内侧焊接四层,外侧焊接三层,要求外侧根部焊接前应进行预热将角缝内的水分烤干,大角缝施工一般在第三圈壁板施工完毕后进行。(3) 大角焊缝点缝方法: 点焊应与正式焊接工艺一致. 焊前要预热。 无论手工焊、自动焊,均需对称进行施焊。 大角缝焊接时应留出排水缝.不进行焊接时 用楔子垫起以便壁板和底板间隙68mm做排 水用,该排水缝在充水前用手工焊焊完。二 边缘板工卡具安装及组焊1. 对口工具种类:A:龙门块,圆锥销;B:补强

22、板(单面焊100mm以上)2. 由于边缘板第一层焊接长度是边缘板端部外侧500mm,所以在打底焊接前,应在边缘板两端安装2个龙门块。 3. 三个垫板相交处的小垫板应点焊在边缘板缝的垫板上,以便进行边缘板焊接时随着边缘板一起收缩。4.边缘板组对焊接边缘板组对时,垫板要长出边缘板外端40mm;并放上防变形卡具并使反变形量在35mm,然后再进行焊接。三 壁板组装1. 壁板组装前注意事项(1) 应对预制的壁板成型尺寸进行检查,合格后方可组装.需要重新校正时,应防止出现锤痕。(2) 壁板组装前应安装工卡具,根据壁板宽度为2400mm确定立缝工卡具安装位置,立缝安装3组对称的定位块,定位块之间安装大龙门板

23、来固定壁板。(3) 由于壁板长度为12600mm,环缝安装12组小龙门板,龙门板距离壁板上侧距离为525mm,之间间距为1050mm,环缝采用10#工字钢作为反变形工具。(4) 组装前应检查壁板组立位置外的边缘板焊缝是否焊好,砂轮是否修磨平整,而且要求射线探伤无问题2. 第一节壁板组装(1) 在壁板位置线内外交错点焊定位角钢或定位板,其间距为1m,并在立缝位置左右300mm处进行加密定位,距壁板画线距离为2030mm。(2) 在壁板上点焊所需安装的工卡具或临时用的各种配件。(3) 壁板立缝间隙,由立缝卡具控制,且需要在板上边 沿横缝点焊12块龙门板,以做横缝对口用(即背杠)。(4) 第一节壁板

24、组装应严格控制上口水平度,当壁板和边缘间隙过大时,应用契子垫起边缘板,以保证壁板上口水平度。3.第二节板及以上各节组立(1) 第二节以上各节板组立时其立缝应和一节板立缝错开1/3位置,依次组立。(2) 环缝临时采用龙门板加背杠方法固定,放置距离1.2m左右,立缝组对和第一节板相同。4. 壁板组装时应符合相应规定(1) 底圈壁板要求相邻壁板上口水平的允许偏差,不应大于2mm,在整个圆周上任意两点水平的允许偏差,不应大于6mm。(2) 底圈壁板的垂直度允许偏差不应大于3mm,其他各圈壁板垂直度不应大于该圈壁板高度的0.3%。(3) 壁板组装时,应保证内表面齐平,错边量应符合下列要求:纵向焊缝错边量

25、:手工焊时,不应大于板厚的0.1倍,且不应大于1.5mm,自动焊时不应大于1mm。环向焊缝错边量:手工焊时,错边量不应大于板厚的0.2倍,自动焊时不应大于1.5mm。5. 焊缝焊接(1) 立缝焊接 要求焊接采用对称焊接两台立缝焊机焊接完成一道焊缝时延同一方向行走,始终保持对称. 对于立缝采用双面焊时,背面采用碳弧气刨清根后,应进行渗透检测,合格后进行焊接,不同厚度的壁板,每焊完一层,需要进行无损检测的部位,检测时间必须在焊接完成36h后方可进行.无损检测合格后方可进行下一步焊接。(2) 环缝焊接点焊在内侧进行,间隙应尽量达到0。当间隙大于1mm时,内侧要封底焊,以防自动焊时铁水外流。外部初层自

26、动焊不宜过深,不宜进入钝边,在清根时应将钝边全部清除,先焊外侧,再焊内侧。第二节以上各节板组装焊接方法基本相同,另外,凡自动焊出现缺陷时用手工焊修补。(3) 组装焊接后,纵焊缝的角变形用1.5m长的弧形样板检查,环焊缝角变形用1.5m直线样板检查应符合标准规定 。四罐底焊接变形1 自动埋弧平焊焊接原油罐罐底时1) 先焊接走廊板短缝,从中心往周边依次焊接2) 焊接中幅板,从中心最高点的组对焊缝依次进行焊接3) 焊接走廊板时,要先把中幅板短缝T子接头手工焊接完,再从中心最高点,两台埋弧平焊同时焊接2. 自动焊焊接大脚缝1)手工焊打底,先把内角缝小破口内打满,在焊接外角缝2)自动焊焊接大脚缝先焊接内

27、角,按施工要求进行焊接铁水厚度,在焊接外角缝3.龟甲缝焊接1)先焊接边缘板2)在焊接罐底中幅板短缝3)龟甲缝焊接最好用四台自动埋弧平焊机,分四个角度同时焊接,减少龟甲缝应力。streamlining. Four are standard visits, except as required to participate in training, no other activity. Five is to improve news reporting, for propaganda work strictly according to the regulations. Six is strict

28、ly your presentation published strictly according to the regulations. Seven is strictly thrift, required the use of vehicles and office space and corporate hospitality. 3, change the style. Propaganda and ideological work of the new situation and new requirements of the new tasks, had done a lot of

29、fruitful work, has made many achievements, but further closer to the grass roots, close to reality, close to the masses and also inadequate innovation must continue to improve. Second, the four winds some outstanding issues 1, oppose formalism. One theory is that he didnt, with less close contact. T

30、heoretical study of consciousness is not high enough, system performance is not strong enough; more passive learning, active learning few generalities and learn more, delving into less. Especially based on rational thinking on major issues, applying theory to guide the work done is not good enough,

31、not really understand and grasp the spirit and essence of the scientific Outlook on development, did not truly achieve mastery, to apply, to a certain extent, affect the development and implementation of ideas and initiatives. Second, work arrangements, and less supervision. Propaganda and ideologic

32、al work is the objective, which needs to keep the continuity efforts deployed, but stressed in the work time, less supervision. For example, color weekends in the summer theatrical activities, city square performances, urging townships, communities and rural areas shows the implementation is inadequ

33、ate, insufficient cultural an educational role to play. Third base enough, master grass-less real. Propaganda and ideological work in the new situation of characteristics and regularity of enough, deep enough for grass-roots public opinion Dynamics survey, for grass-roots typically drive less. For e

34、xample, rural culture team active, . Im not actively take the initiative to take up, the lack of spirit of daring to, resulting in some job had a lot of power, but no tangible results. Third, innovation, lack of motivation. Emancipation did not end, innovation does not exist. In practical work, not

35、your head, previous work experience, lack of innovation initiatives, study on the characteristics of propaganda and ideological work under the new situation through, grip on grassroots ideological trends and changes are not deep, to promote new initiatives and explore new methods of ideological and

36、cultural work is not much, and some lack of relevance and timeliness. 4, discipline, lowering, and hard work are lacking. While working and enterprising spirit down. No real solution to treat yourself right, correctly treat past honors, their complacency, and work to see their scores more, less checking his own shortcomings, like to listen to the praise, satisfied face, online promotion, there are typical, and lack of high standards and strict requirements, the effect is real. Second hard drive less. On hard and

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