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1、Annual straw consumption is about 300 (15x20) million tons to 450 (15x30) million tonnes. Around each plant to town for curing Center straw briquette factory, about 30, curing each straw briquette factory production capacity of 10,000 tons per year, production of major products supply power plants a
2、nd the rest as ordinary fuel. Chapter III, section I industry investment analysis investment benefit analysis, industry profitability industry benchmark yield to 12%, more than a moderate level of profitability, have higher profitability. Secondly, solvency, with good profitability and, hence, have
3、enough liquidity. Three biomass energy resource in China, industry growth prospects are very experienced and bright prospects for development of biomass power generation industry. On one hand, the sown area of 1.8 billion mu of crops, the year produces 700 million tons of matter. Apart from the part
4、s used in papermaking and livestock feed, and the rest will be done fuel use. The other hand, Chinas current forest area of about 175 million hectares, the forest coverage rate of 18.21%, every year through normal Bush stumping rejuvenation, forest thinning, hedgerow fruit trees and the collection o
5、f forest felling, bucking, processing residues, biomass resources available at about 800 million to 1 billion tons. Theory of biomass energy resource in China close to 1.5 billion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of standa
6、rd coal, equivalent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass 0.3%, 1/4 not to the sulphur content of the coal. Development of biomass solid fuels, implement coal alternatives, significantly reduces the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, have a significant
7、 environmental benefit. Second section industry investment opportunities for promoted health material energy of steadily development, September 2006, Treasury, and national development and Reform Committee, and Ministry of agriculture, and national tax General, and national forestry Council joint in
8、troduced has on development biological quality energy and biological chemical tax support policy of implementation views, in risk avoid and compensation, and raw materials base grants, and model grants, and tax relief, aspects for development biological quality energy and biological chemical develop
9、ed has specific of tax support policy. In addition, since the renewable energy law came into effect on January 1, 2006, making a complete set of administrative rules and regulations also promulgated. On October 4, 2006 of the Ministry of the interim measures for the administration of special funds f
10、or renewable energy development, the approach of special funds to support key, application and approval, financial management, checking and supervision of comprehensive provisions. The regulations: development of special funds established by the financial departments of the State Council, the use of
11、 special funds for the development include free grants and subsidized loans, through the central financial budget. According to the role of biomass energy and the countrys status quo, is currently focused on the development of the project are as follows: (1) recent development priorities: biomass ga
12、sification and gas, biomass gasification power generation, large biogas, biomass direct combustion heating (2) medium-and long-term development projects: height of biomass gasification power generation project (BIG/CC), the production of hydrogen from biomass such as resource in China close to 1.5 b
13、illion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of standard coal, equivalent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass 0.3%, 1/4 not to the sulphur content of the coal. Development of biomass soli
14、d fuels, implement coal alternatives, significantly reduces the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, have a significant environmental benefit. Second section industry investment opportunities for promoted health material energy of steadily development, September 2006, Treasury, and national
15、development and Reform Committee, and Ministry of agriculture, and national tax General, and national forestry Council joint introduced has on development biological quality energy and biological chemical tax support policy of implementation views, in risk avoid and compensation, and raw materials b
16、ase grants, and model grants, and tax relief, aspects for development biological quality energy and biological chemical developed has specific of tax support policy. In addition, since the唐山市某供水工程净水厂水池闭水试验施工方案编制：审核：审批：河北省某公司唐山市某供水工程净水厂项目部2008年5月25日一、工程概况3二、主要材料及要求4三、闭水试验应具备条件5四.闭水试验程序5五、闭水试验方法5六、渗水量
17、计算7七、闭水试验标准7八、安全8九、施工注意事项8十、水池满水试验记录表8一、工程概况1、本工程为某供水工程净水厂工程，位于唐山市某公司北侧，工业区一号路西侧，净水厂蓄水池的南侧。本工程采用陡河水库水为水源，经提升输送至净水厂，净化后送至工业区城市管网。新建净水厂规模为近期2.5万m3/d，远期为7.5m3/d。本工程为净水厂生产区建筑和安装工程，具体包括：净水间、送水泵房及变配电间、加药加氯间、排泥排水调节池、浓缩池、脱水机房、机修间及仓库、热泵机房、传达室及大门、总图等10个单项工程（每个单项包括土建、装修、工艺、暖通、给排水、电气、自控及机械等单位工程）的全部工程内容。2、闭水工程介绍
18、：序号单位工程名称水池座数单位工程说明1排泥排水调节池排水池1平面尺寸为6m8m，池底标高为-3.6m，工艺设计试水水位标高为-0.6m，闭水试验用水量约为180m，沉降观测点标高在闭水试验的前一天进行测量。排泥池1平面尺寸为10m8m，池底标高为-3.6m，工艺设计试水水位标高为-0.6m，闭水试验用水量约为300m，沉降观测点标高在闭水试验的前一天进行测量。 2浓缩池储泥池1平面尺寸为8.4m4.8m，池底标高为-0.4m，工艺设计试水水位标高为3.8m，闭水试验用水量约为170m，沉降观测点标高在闭水试验的前一天进行测量。浓缩池2平面尺寸为9m9m，池底标高为-0.4m，工艺设计试水水位
19、标高为4.0m，闭水试验用水量约为710m，沉降观测点标高在闭水试验的前一天进行测量。 3净水间滤池4平面尺寸为10.84m3.38m，池底标高为4.4m，工艺设计试水水位标高为8.1m，闭水试验用水量约为540m，沉降观测点标高在闭水试验的前一天进行测量。4沉淀池2平面尺寸为10.5m10.5m，池底标高为3.65m，工艺设计试水水位标高为8.8m，闭水试验用水量约为1150m，沉降观测点标高在闭水试验的前一天进行测量。5絮凝池1平面尺寸为4m26.1m，池底标高为5.2m，工艺设计试水水位标高为9m，闭水试验用水量约为400m，沉降观测点标高在闭水试验的前一天进行测量。6滤后总渠1平面尺寸
20、为3.5m18.3m，池底标高为2.1m，工艺设计试水水位标高为3.55m，闭水试验用水量约为100m，沉降观测点标高在闭水试验的前一天进行测量。7送水泵房及变配电间吸水井1平面尺寸为3m21.82m，池底标高为-4.7m，工艺设计试水水位标高为-0.3m，闭水试验用水量约为300m，沉降观测点标高在闭水试验的前一天进行测量。3、编制依据：给排水构筑物施工及验收规范（GBJ141-90）。二、主要材料及要求1、大功率潜水泵、胶管：要用于闭水试验时抽水用；2、标尺：主要用于观察充水时水位变化情况；3、刻度尺；4、水位测针：由针体和针头两部分构成（在测针未到位之前暂时用游标卡尺测量）；5、百分表；
21、6、电流表。三、闭水试验应具备条件1、水池闭水试验应在下列条件下进行：1）池体的混凝土达到100%设计强度；2）现浇钢筋混凝土水池的防水层、防腐层施工以及回填土以前；2、水池闭水试验前，应做好下列准备工作：1）将池内清理干净，修补池内外的缺陷，临时封堵预留孔洞、预埋管口及进出水口等；2）检查充水及排水闸门，不渗漏；3）设置水位观测标尺；4）标定水位测针；5）准备现场测定蒸发量的铁皮箱；6）充水的水源采用清水并做好充水和放水系统的设施。3、水池闭水试验前，应做好下列检查工作：1)外观质量检查合格；2)构筑物内清理完毕,无杂物积水现象；3)全部预留孔洞封堵不得漏水，位于水池底板以下的管道应封堵坚固
22、不得漏水，堵板承载力经核算并大于水压力；4)闭水试验所需材料设备进场,人员到位；5）试验脚手架搭设完毕，并符合安全规定。四.闭水试验程序施工准备-清理检查内壁-封堵预留洞口-注水浸泡-检查外壁及预留洞口渗水情况-验收-缓慢放水五、闭水试验方法根据设计要求每个构筑物都必须在其主体结构混凝土达到100%设计强度后，并在防水层及防腐层施工前进行满水试验，用以考核检验水处理构筑物的渗水量是否达到标准要求，以免水渗漏，而且也避免钢筋混凝土结构内钢筋遭受腐蚀，影响结构安全。这期间应注意闭水试验必须用清水(切忌用污水)，逐池缓慢地放水试验，发现渗漏点要做好标记。试水水位应放至正常使用的最高水位，经三个昼夜的
23、观察、记录，无渗漏再逐步放水。1、准备工作充水之前首先将池内清理干净，以免充水后池内浮渣漂浮水面，影响测试精度。池内外缺陷要修补平整，对于预留孔洞，预埋管口及进出口等都要加以临时封堵，同时还必须严格检查充水及排水闸口，不得有渗漏现象发生，在完成上述工作后即可设置充水水位观测标尺，用以观察充水时水位所达到的深度，水位观测标尺可以用立于水池中部的塔尺，也可在池壁内侧弹线标注标高控制线，接下来就是做好充水和放水系统的准备，搭设测试平台及出入水池的人行通道。2、充水1）向水池内充水宜分三次进行：第一次充水为设计水深的1/3；第二次充水为设计水深的2/3；第三次充水至设计水深。对大、中型水池，可先充水至
24、池壁底部的施工缝以上，检查底板的抗渗质量，当无明显渗漏时，再继续充水至第一次充水深度。2） 充水时的水位上升速度不宜超过2m/d。相邻两次充水的间隔时间，不应小于24h。3）每次充水宜测读24h的水位下降值，计算渗水量，在充水过程中和充水以后，应对水池作外观检查。当发现渗水量过大时，应停止充水。待作出处理后方可继续充水。 3、水位观测1）充水时的水位可用水位标尺测定。2）充水至设计水深进行渗水量测定时，应采用水位测针测定水位。水位测针的读数精度应达1/10mm。3） 充水至设计水深后至开始进行渗水量测定的间隔时间，应不少于24h。4）测读水位的初读数与未读数之间的间隔时间，应为24h。5）连续
25、测定的时间可依实际情况而定，第一天测定的渗水量符合标准，应再测定一天；第一天测定的渗水量超过允许标准，而以后的渗水量逐渐减少，可继续延长观测。4、仪器装置1）水位测针：由针体和针头两部分构成2）百分表3）电流表5、蒸发量的测定现场水处理构筑物多为露天开敞式，由于温度的变化，风力的影响及空气的对流等因素的影响使池内水量蒸发，水池面积越大，则由于蒸发造成水量损失越大，对于这一因素如果不加考虑，则势必造成总渗水量数值偏大，导致错判。所以，在测定水池水位下降的同时，必须对蒸发量的大小进行定量的测定。作业现场，可用薄钢板焊成直径为50cm，高30cm的水箱，经检查无任何渗漏的条件下在其间充水约20cm置
26、于水池旁边，在测读水池水位的同时测定水箱中的内的水位。六、渗水量计算 水池渗水量按以下公式计算： A1（E1-E2）-(e1-e2)q = A2式中：q渗水量（LM d）A1水池水平面面积A2水池浸湿总面积E1水池中水位测读初读数E2测读E1后24小时水池中水位测读末读数e1测读E1时，蒸发水箱中水位测针初读数e2测读E2时，蒸发水箱中水位测针末读数当连续观测时，前次E2、e2即为下次E1和e1值，若遇下雨，当降雨量大于蒸发量时，此时e1、e2为负值，则测试结果无效，必须待雨停重测。七、闭水试验标准在满水试验中并应进行外观检查，不得有漏水现象。水池渗水量按池壁和池底的浸湿总面积计算，钢筋混凝土
27、水池不得超过2L/m2 d。试水合格后即可缓慢放水，池内至少要留05米深的水，以保持池体湿润状态。水池闭水试验应填写试验记录，格式应符合给水排水构筑物施工及验收规范（GBJ 14190）附录三中附表3.2的规定。构筑物不得有漏水现象，渗水量不得超过2L/d；满水试验合格后，应及时进行池壁外的各项工序及回填土。八、安全1、做好安全技术交底，严格执行安全技术操作规程，严禁违章指挥违章操作；2、施工范围内的过路口，以及沟、槽等危险部位，必须设置护栏，加盖等防护措施，并设置警示标志，夜晚要挂红灯；3、各机电设备应由专人看管，电气必须一机一闸，严格接地、接零和安漏电保护器，水泵和部件检修时必须切断电源，
28、严禁带电作业；4、上下水池要用梯子，梯子要坚固放稳；5、在对水池内水位进行检测时，上下水池应注意安全。九、施工注意事项1、闭水试验是对各水池施工质量总检验的重要环节之一，必须引起足够的重视。渗水量的合格与否与施工过程中每一工序都有一定关系。2、加强试验前对检查每一个水池、管道连接处的全面检查和整修。3、试验合格后，所堵管道口要在全线完工前打开，避免留下隐患。4、试验过程中，如遇较大面积的渗水或漏水，应及时将管内水抽出，进行处理，待处理强度达到要求时，再次灌水试验，直至合格为准。十、水池满水试验记录表水池满水试验记录工程名称井沟支管工程水池名称施工单位陕西富源水电工程公司水池结构圆形允许渗水量（
29、L/m2d）水池平面尺寸（mm）水面面积（m2）水 深(m)湿润面积工（m2）测读记录初 读末 读再次读数差测读时间(年月日时分)水池水位e（mm）蒸发水箱水位e(mm)大气温度（）水温（）实际渗水量（m3/d）L/m3d占允许量的百分率参加单位和人员建设单位监理单位设计单位施工单位 年 月 日年 月 日年 月 日年 月 日 Added. Finally, foreign investment risk, there are also opportunities. Financial crisis caused the stock and corporate bond prices plumm
30、eted, early Chinese banks foreign exchange assets in the foreign exchange reserves investment and losses, but at present the international prices of many financial assets in a low, to promote foreign mergers and acquisitions in China and promoting enterprise going out diversified cooperation, active
31、ly explore overseas resources and markets and opportunities. Meanwhile, in response to the adverse impact of world economic crisis on China, the State Council announced 10 measures to expand domestic demand and promote growth over the next two years the implementation of these measures will take abo
32、ut 4 trillion yuan central budget support. The 4 trillion yuan investment has an inkling, transportation, forestry, water conservancy, peoples livelihood, environmental protection and other areas will be skewed. Increased investment will play a significant role in promoting Chinas economic growth, a
33、t the same time, there should be other pro-growth measures rolled out. A series of positive measures by the State and function of 4 trillion the Central Treasury, our economy will be sustained, stable and rapid development gradually. Section II market analysis of technical feasibility of biomass fue
34、l shaping technology and equipment is the core of industrialization of biomass briquette fuel. Biomass briquetting technology refers to a certain temperature and under pressure, will be scattered and various shapes of biomass raw materials into high density, with a variety of fuels technology. Bioma
35、ss briquetting equipment including screw-extrusion molding machines, mechanical piston stamping forming machine, ring die-roll and hydraulic piston stamping molding machines. Mechanical piston forming and hydraulic piston forming machine total up production efficiency low energy high, former of prod
36、uctivity low, actual productivity in 100-200 kg, main work parts life low not for industrialization production; which main work parts life long, but highest production capacity lower energy high; from technology index view, ring die roll pressure type forming machine production rate highest, energy
37、low, products cost low, while technology content also high, for Yu scale production promotion. Since in the 1980 of the 20th century, Chinas bio-technology research and development have made great progress, national research and production equipment of enterprises or research institutes has dozens o
38、f homes. Chinas industrialization of biomass briquette fuel prototype is formed, however, to be mature and realize industrialization, you first need to overcome some constraints, some technical obstacles. Includes the main working parts of the short working life, poor ability to coordinate equipment
39、 systems, running unstable, and so on. Also, due to the lack of effective industrial practices, solid biomass industry is still in its infancy in China. Biomass fuel shaping technology, stable performance and low power consumption of the device is the core of industrialization of biomass fuel, good
40、industry and the Governments support and the necessary funding is a prerequisite for industrialization of biomass briquette fuel. To compress biomass briquette processing cost, you will need to yield power, vulnerable performance and low cost, labor cost, control three aspects. Meanwhile, burning of biomass is also on the industrys core technology, generally, because of biomass fuels to replace coal, can be used, in fact, due to biomass第 9 页 共 9 页
