钢结构熔嘴电渣官焊施工工艺01.doc

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1、1, and prepared according to 1.1, and thermal power engineering started debugging work provides 1.2, and thermal power power plant construction engineering started and the completed acceptance procedures 1.3, and thermal power unit started steam Blowpipe guide is 1.4, and thermal power engineering a

2、djustment try shipped quality test and the evaluation standard 2, and #1 furnace started debugging organization measures and the related provides 2.1, and organization Division: for guarantee wide up thermal power plant #1 furnace started debugging and the part steam machine system of smooth voted s

3、hipped, special established #1 furnace try shipped professional group, members following: leader: Deputy Leader: supervision: crew: wide up try shipped personnel: wide up acceptance personnel: 2.2, and debugging, and try shipped content: boiler auxiliary machine Division debugging electric dust of D

4、ivision try turned and the debugging baking furnace Cook furnace boiler rushed tube, and blow sweep security door check 2.3, and operation provides and the Division: #1 furnace debugging, and try shipped by #1 furnace try shipped professional group requirements for, which single try turned and Divis

5、ion try shipped by xD three company led is responsible for. all moving operation operation must be in strict accordance with the prior authorization of the #1 boiler commissioning professional working group, and after starting, the test command-approved #1 furnace steps in the test programme, event

6、of temporary changes be reported to headquarters approval. commissioning, trial operation process is required for each project by Northwest electric power construction company ready equipment installation records, and fill in the test application form, the a and b sides after passing the checks, fil

7、l in partial commissioning checking before a visa, reported head of the approval, carried out by the leader of unified command. About each action are made by the leader of a unified command, operation after the report to the team leader. Without the Directors consent shall not unilaterally make any

8、startup operation, such as single operations, who is responsible for all security responsibilities, with no ties to the other side. all before the first turn of the motor, must be approved by both parties a common roll insulation measurement can be carried out properly. After the end of each project

9、 commissioning, fill in partial acceptance visa trial shipments. As motor in rotating equipment commissioning test switch and mechanical part of their trial cannot continuously, this is considered two test projects shall be carried out according to the above four steps. 2.4, and attached work votes

10、issued people, and license people, and work head list: party electrical first species, and second species work votes license people list: party engine work votes license people list: b electrical first species, and second species work votes issued people: b hot control professional issued people lis

11、t: b hot control professional work head: b steam machine professional work votes issued people: b steam machine professional work votes head: b boiler professional work votes issued people: b boiler professional work votes head: attached: about personnel of contact phone party b Division 3, boiler a

12、uxiliary equipment debugging scenarios 3.1, send, induced draft fan try turned 3.1.1, try turning the former requirements of: 3.1.1.1, fan body and motor installed, based the second Grouting ends, and the concrete strength is up. 3.1.1.2, coupling the Centre has finished aligning standards, approved

13、 visa. 3.1.1.3, bearing clearance normal outer rims and bearing clearance is up to standard. 3.1.1.4, Benton . Condition. 5.1.3, oven starts all range of comprehensive systems have been installed, grate, delivery, fan and slag machine to try to transfer a qualified acceptance and visas. 5.1.4, boile

14、r pressure parts, body pipe all installed, water pressure test and acceptance of visa. 5.1.5, thermal, electrical and instrument installation, single school qualified to simulate joint school qualified, ready to operate. 5.1.6, furnace wall masonry and pipe insulation, corrosion protection all over,

15、 and acceptance. Boiler air and flue gas ducts clean, clutter-free, external oven site has been cleaned up. 5.1.7, ESP installation completion and acceptance of visa, water-film dust collector completes the installation of approved第八章 熔嘴电渣焊焊接工艺适用范围:本工艺适用于钢结构制作熔嘴电渣焊焊接工艺。工艺规定了一般低碳钢、普通低合金钢的熔嘴电渣焊的基本要求。凡

16、各工程的工艺中无特殊要求的结构件的熔嘴电渣焊均应按本工艺规定执行。第一节 材料要求8.1.1钢材及焊接材料应按施工图的要求选用,其性能和质量必须符合国家标准和行业标准的规定,并应具有质量证明书或检验报告。如果用其它钢材和焊材代换时,须经设计单位同意,并按相应工艺文件施焊。8.1.2按指定焊丝的牌号和规格使用。第二节 主要机具表8.2.1.1 焊接用机械设备表设备名称设备型号数 量单位备注电动空压机根据工程实际情况确定根据工程实际情况确定台碳弧气刨用焊剂烘干机台烘干焊条柴油发电机台应急使用焊接滚轮架台烘干焊条翼缘矫正机台型钢校正表8.2.1.2 工厂加工检验设备、仪器、工具表备名称设备型号数 量

17、单位备注超声波探伤仪根据工程实际情况确定根据工程实际情况确定台检查焊缝内部缺陷数字温度仪台测量层间温度数字钳形电流表个测量焊接电流温湿度仪个测量空气湿度焊缝检验尺把检验焊缝外观尺寸磁粉探伤仪台测量焊缝内部尺寸游标卡尺把测量焊缝外观尺寸钢卷尺把测量第三节 作业条件8.3.1熔嘴电渣焊不允许露天作业。当气温低于0。C,相对湿度大于或等于90%,网路电压严重波动时不得施焊。8.3.2焊接区应保持干燥、不得有油、锈和其它污物。8.3.3熔嘴电渣焊焊剂在使用前应按产品说明书规定的烘焙时间和烘焙温度进行烘焙,不得含灰尘、铁屑和其他杂物。烘干温度一般为250。C 2小时。8.3.4熔嘴孔内受潮,生锈或沾有污

18、物时不得使用。8.3.5熔嘴不应有明显锈蚀和弯曲,用前250。C 1小时烘干,在80。C左右存放和待用。8.3.6焊丝的盘绕应整齐紧密,没有硬碎弯、锈蚀和油污。焊丝盘上的焊丝量最少不得少于焊一条焊缝所需焊丝量。8.3.7所有焊机的各部位均应处于正常工作状态。8.3.8焊机的电流表、电压表和调节旋钮刻度指数的指示正确性和偏差数要清楚明确。8.3.9保证电源的供应和稳定性,避免焊接中途断电和网压波动过大。8.3.10施焊前,焊工应复核焊接件的接头质量和焊接区域的坡口、间隙、钝边等的处理情况。当发现有不符合要求时,应修整合格后方可施焊。焊接连接组装允许偏差值见表8.3.10.1的规定。表8.3.10

19、.1焊接连接组装允许偏差值第四节 施工工艺8.4.1工艺流程拼装焊接校正 二次下料制孔装焊其它零件校正打磨打砂油漆搬运贮存运输8.4.2 操作工艺1 施焊前,检查组装间隙的尺寸,装配缝隙应保持在1mm以下,当缝隙大于1mm时,应采取措施进行修整和补救。2 检查焊接部位的清理情况,焊接断面及其附近的油污、铁锈和氧化物等污物必须清除干净。3 焊道两端应按工艺要求设置引弧板和熄弧板。4 安装管状熔嘴并调整对中,熔嘴下端距引弧板底面距离一般为1525mm。5 焊接电流的选择可按下述经验公式进行计算:I = K F式中:I 平均焊接电流,A; F 管状熔嘴截面积,mm2; K 比例系数,一般取57。6

20、在保证焊透的情况下,电压尽可能低一些。焊接电压一般可在3555V之间选取。7 引弧时,电压应比正常焊接过程中的电压高38V,渣池形成后恢复正常焊接电压。8 焊接速度可在1.53m/h,的范围内选取。9 常用的送丝速度范围为200300m/h,造渣过程中选取200m/h为宜。10 渣池深度通常为3555mm。11 焊接启动时,慢慢投入少量焊剂,一般为3550g,焊接过程中应逐渐少量添加焊剂。12 焊接过程中,应随时检查熔嘴是否在焊道的中心位置上,严禁熔嘴和焊丝过偏。13 焊接电压随焊接过程而变化,焊接过程中随时注意调整电压。14 焊接过程中注意随时检查焊件的炽热状态,一般约在800。C(樱红色)

21、以上时熔合良好。当不足800。C时,应适当调整焊接工艺参数,适当增加渣池内总热量。15 当焊件厚度低于16mm时,应在焊件外部安装铜散热板或循环水散热器。16 焊缝收尾时应适当减小焊接电压,并断续送进焊丝,将焊缝引到熄弧板上收尾。17 熔嘴电渣焊不作焊前预热和焊后热处理,只是引弧前对引弧器加热100。C左右。18 在组装好的构件上施焊,应严格按焊接工艺规定的参数以及焊接顺序进行,以控制焊后构件变形1)控制焊接变形,可采取反变形措施,其反变形参考值见表8.4.2.1。焊接收缩量参见表8.4.2.1。2)在约束焊道上施焊,应连续进行;如因故中断,再焊时应对已焊的焊缝局部做预热处理。3)采用多层焊时

22、,应将前一道焊缝表面清理干净后再继续施焊。19 因焊接而变形的构件,可用机械(冷矫)或在严格控制温度的条件下加热(热矫)的方法进行矫正。1)普通低合金结构钢冷矫时,工作地点温度不得低于-16。C;热矫时,其温度值应控制在750900。C之间。2)普通碳素结构钢冷矫时工作地点温度不得低于-20。C;热矫时其温度值不得超过900。C。3)同一部位加热矫正不得超过2次,并应缓慢冷却,不得用水骤冷。表8.4.2.1 焊接反变形参考数值板厚t(mm)f(mm) (a+2)/2反变形角度(平均值) B(mm)150200250300350400450500550600650700121。3040”22.5

23、344.55141。2240”22.533.5455.5161。41.522.533.5444.555201。1222.533.544.54.555255511.522.5333.5444.555283420”1111.52222.52.533.53.5302720”0.51111.51.52222.52.53361720”0.50.50.511111.51.51.51.52401120”0.50.50.50.50.50.5111111表8.4.2.2 焊接收缩量结构类型焊件特征和板厚焊缝收缩量(mm)钢板对接各种板厚长度方向每米焊缝0.7;宽度方向每个接口1.0实腹结构及焊接H型钢断面高小于

24、等于1000mm且板厚小于25mm四条纵焊缝每米共缩0.6,焊透梁高收缩1.0,每对加劲焊缝,梁的长度收缩0.3断面高小于等于1000mm且板厚大于25mm四条纵焊缝每米共缩1.4,焊透梁高收缩1.0,每对加劲焊缝,梁的长度收缩0.7断面高大于1000mm的各种板厚四条纵焊缝每米共缩0.2,焊透梁高收缩1.0,每对加劲焊缝,梁的长度收缩0.5格构式结构屋架、托架、支架等轻型桁架接头焊缝每个接口为1.0;搭接贴角焊缝每米0.5实腹柱及重型桁架搭接贴角焊缝每米0.25圆筒型结构板厚小于等于16mm直焊缝每个接口周长收缩1.0;环焊缝每个接口周长收缩1.0板厚大于16mm直焊缝每个接口周长收缩2.0

25、;环焊缝每个接口周长收缩2.0 第五节 质量标准5.5.1 主控项目1 焊条、焊丝、焊剂、电渣焊熔嘴等焊接材料与母材的匹配应符合设计要求和国家现行行业标准建筑钢结构焊接技术规程JGJ81的规定。焊条、焊剂、药芯焊丝、熔嘴等在使用前,在使用前,应按其产品说明书及焊接工艺文件的规定进行烘焙和存放。 检查数量:全数检查。检验方法:检查质量证明书和烘焙记录。2 焊工应经考试合格并取得相应施焊条件的合格证书。持证焊工必须在其考试合格项目及其认可范围内施焊。 检查数量:全数检查。检验方法:检查焊工合格证及其认可范围、有效期。3 施工单位首次采用的钢材、焊接材料、焊接方法、焊后热处理等,应进行焊接工艺评定,

26、其结果应符合设计要求和国家标准钢结构工程施工及验收规范的规定,并根据评定报告确定焊接工艺。 检查数量:全数检查。检验方法:检查焊接工艺评定报告。4 设计要求全熔透的一、二级焊缝应采用超声波探伤进行内部缺陷的检验,超声波探伤不能对缺陷作出判断时,应采用射线探伤,其内部缺陷分级及探伤方法应符合现行国家标准钢焊缝手工超声波探伤方法和探伤结果分级GB 11345或 钢熔化焊对接接头射线照相和质量分级GB 3323的规定。焊接球节点网架焊缝、螺栓球节点网架焊缝及圆管T、K、Y形节点相贯线焊缝,其内部缺陷分级及探伤方法应分别符合国家现行标准焊接球节点钢网架焊缝超声波探伤方法及质量分级法JBJ/T 3034

27、.1、螺栓球节点钢网架焊缝超声波探伤方法及质量分级法JBJ/T3034.2、建筑钢结构焊接技术规程JGJ81的规定。一级、二级焊缝的质量等级及缺陷分级应符合表5.5.1.1的规定。 检查数量:全数检查。检验方法:检查焊缝探伤报告。表5.5.1.1 一级、二级焊缝的质量等级及缺陷分级焊缝质量等级一级二级内部缺陷超声波探伤评定等级IIIII检验等级B级B级探伤比例100%20%内部缺陷射线探伤评定等级IIIII检验等级AB级AB级探伤比例100%20%注:探伤比例的计数方法应按以下原则确定:(1)对工厂制作焊缝,应按每条焊缝计算百分比,且探伤长度应不小于200mm,当焊缝长度不足200mm时,应对

28、整条焊缝进行探伤;(2)对现场安装焊缝,应按同一类型、同一施焊条件的焊缝条数计算百分比,探伤长度应不小于200mm,并应不小于1条焊缝。5 T形接头、十字接头、角接接头等要求熔透的对接和角对接组合焊缝,其焊脚尺寸不应小于t/4(图5.5.1.1a、b、c);设计有疲劳验算要求的吊车梁或类似构件的腹板与上翼缘连接焊缝的焊脚尺寸为t/2(图5.1.5.1d),且不应大于10mm。焊脚尺寸的允许偏差为04mm。检查数量:资料全数检查;同类焊缝抽查10%,且不应少于3条。检验方法:观察检查,用焊缝量规抽查测量。6 焊缝表面不得有裂纹、焊瘤等缺陷。一级、二级焊缝不得有表面气孔、夹渣、弧坑裂纹、电弧擦伤等

29、缺陷;且一级焊缝不得有咬边、未焊满根部收缩等缺陷。检查数量:每批同类构件抽查10%,且不应少于3件;被抽查构件中,每一类型焊缝按条数抽查5%,且不应少于1条;每条检查1处,总抽查数不应少与10处。检验方法:观察检查或使用放大镜、焊缝量规和钢尺检查,当存在疑义时,采用渗透或磁粉探伤检查。图5.5.1.15.5.2一般项目1 对于需要进行焊前预热或焊后热处理的焊缝,其预热温度或后热温度应符合国家现行有关标准的规定或通过工艺试验确定。预热区在焊道两侧,每侧宽度均应大于焊件厚度的1.5倍以上,且不应小于100mm;后热处理应在焊后立即进行,保温时间应根据板厚按每25mm板厚1h确定。 检查数量:全数检

30、查。检验方法:检查预、后热施工记录和工艺试验报告。2 二级、三级焊缝外观质量标准应符合表.书.5.5.2.1的规定。三级对接焊缝应按二级焊缝标准进行外观质量检验。检查数量:每批同类构件抽查10%,但不应少于3件;被抽查构件中,每一类型焊缝应按条数各抽查5%,且不应少于1条;每条检查1处,总抽查处不应少于10处。检验方法:观察检查或使用放大镜、焊缝量规和钢尺检查。表5.5.2.1 二级、三级焊缝外观质量标准(mm)项目允许偏差缺陷类型二级三级为焊满(指不足设计要求)0.2+0.02t ,且1.00.2+0.04t ,且2.0每100.0焊缝内缺陷总长25.0根部收缩0.2+0.02t ,且1.0

31、0.2+0.04t ,且2.0长度不限咬边0.05t,且0.5 ;连续长度100.0 ,且焊缝两侧咬边总长度10%焊缝全长0.1t,且1.0 ,长度不限弧坑裂纹允许存在个别长度5.0的弧坑裂纹电弧擦伤允许存在个别电弧擦伤接头不良缺口深度0.05t,且0.5缺口深度0.1t,且1.0每1000.0焊缝不应超过1处表面夹渣深0.2t ,长0.5t ,且20.0表面气孔每50.0焊缝长度内允许直径0.4t ,且3.0的气孔2个,孔距6倍孔径注:表内t为连接处较薄的板厚。3 焊缝尺寸允许偏差应符合表5.5. 2.2的规定。检查数量:每批同类构件抽查10%,且不应少于3件;被抽查构件中,每种型焊缝按条数

32、各抽查5%,但不应少于1条;每条检查1处,总抽查处不应少于10处。检验方法:用焊缝量规检查。4 焊成凹形的角焊缝,焊缝金属与母材间应平稳过渡;加工成凹形的角焊缝,不得在其表面留下切痕。检查数量:每批同类构件抽查10%,且不应少于3件。检验方法:观察检查。5 焊缝感观应达到:外形均匀,成型良好,焊道与焊道、焊道与基本金属间过渡平滑,焊渣和飞溅物基本清除干净。检查数量:每批同类构件抽查10%,且不应少于3件;被抽查构件中,每种焊缝按数量各抽查5%,总抽查处不应少于5处。检验方法:观察检查。表5.5.2.2 焊缝尺寸允许偏差(mm)序号项目图例允许偏差1对接焊缝余高C一、二级三级B20:03.0B2

33、0:04.0B20:04.0B20:05.02对接焊缝错边dd0.15t,且2.0d6:03.04角焊缝余高Chf6:01.5hf 6:03.0注:1、hf8.0mm的角焊缝其局部焊脚尺寸允许低于设计要求值1.0mm,但总长度不得超过焊缝长度10%;2、焊接H形梁腹板与翼缘板的焊缝两端在其两倍翼缘板宽度范围内,焊缝的焊脚尺寸不得低于设计值。第六节 成品保护5.6.1 构件焊接后的变形,应进行成品矫正,成品矫正一般采用热矫正,加热温度不宜大于650,构件矫正应符合下列要求:项 目允 许 偏 差柱底板平面度5.0桁架、腹杆弯曲1/1500且不大于5mm,梁不准下挠桁架、腹杆扭曲H/250且不大于5

34、.0mm牛腿翘曲当牛腿长度1000时为2当牛腿长度1000时为35.6.2凡构件上的焊瘤、飞溅、毛刺、焊疤等均应清除干净。要求平的焊缝应将焊缝余高磨平。5.6.3 根据装配工序对构件标识的构件代号,用钢印打入构件翼缘上,距端500MM范围内。构件编号必须按图纸要求编号,编号要清晰、位置要明显。5.6.4 应在构件打钢印代号的附近,在构件上挂铁牌,铁牌上用钢印打号来表明构件编号。5.6.5 用红色油漆标注中心线标记并打钢印。5.6.6 钢构件制作完成后,应按照施工图的规定及钢结构工程施工质量验收规范进行验收,构件外形尺寸的允许偏差应符合上述规定中的要求。第七节 应注意的问题8.7.1 材料的关键

35、要求1 焊接材料的品种、规格、性能等应符合现行国家产品标准和设计要求。2 重要钢结构采用的焊接材料应进行抽样复验,复验结果应符合现行国家产品标准和设计要求。3 熔嘴不应有明显锈蚀和弯曲;焊剂不应受潮结块。4 所用钢材及焊接材料的规格、型号、材质以及外观检查,均应符合设计图纸和规程的要求。8.7.2 技术关键要求焊工应严格按照焊接工艺及技术操作规程施焊。8.7.3 质量关键要求建筑钢结构焊接质量检查应由专业技术人员担任,并须经岗位培训取得质量检查员岗位合格证书。8.7.4 职业健康安全关键要求 焊工须有合格证及施焊资格,禁止无证上岗。8.7.5环境关键要求熔嘴电渣焊不允许露天作业。当气温低于0。

36、C、相对湿度大于或等于90%、网路电压严重波动时不得施焊。8.7.6 质量记录作好质量记录。water conditions, gray trench cover under installation conditions, must pass through the channel to temporary walkway, pool not installed around the railings to temporary fencing to prevent persons falling residue. 5.1.9, the drum and the expansion of th

37、e indicator on the header, should drum and set the box to check the local installation of temporary inflation indicator. 5.1.10, the wall built after the manhole, inspection door should be opened for natural drying. 5.1.11, choosing a furnace wall temperature measurement points according to the requ

38、irements and sampling points temperature measuring points with the following location: 1.5mm-2.0mm above the combustion chamber side wall furnace non-Central Office, at the outlet of the furnace, and economizer exit flue, middle of back wall. 5.1.12 belongs all valve tone, boiler system, and the nam

39、e is correct. 5.1.13, boiler feed-water front open drum air doors, to empty the exhaust valve and traps the superheater header, injected into the boiler after treatment and softening water to drum zero meter level, glass tube level gauge should be clear and correct. 5.1.14, acres of fine fuels such as wood, coal, fuel must not be mixed with iron class stuff. 5.1.15, according to prepared baking programme, to technology to give- 9 -

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