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1、非谓语动词二,之分词,动词ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足等。,1 动词ed形式表示已完成的动作。除了作形容词用的动词-ed形式外，动词-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。Born and brought up in the countryside,he was interested in biology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。One of the glasses was found broken.有人发现其中一个杯子破了。The books,written by L
2、u Xun,are popular with many Chinese people.鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。,2 及物动词的ed形式一般表示被动的意思。Given more time,I could have solved that riddle.要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。(句子的主语I和动词give之间是被动关系。)When you speak English,be sure to make yourself understood.你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。(宾语yourself和宾语补足语understand之间是被动关系。)The experi
3、ence gained in the army was of great value to our study.在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。3 不及物动词ed形式只表示完成的意义，并不带有被动的含义。an escaped prisoner 逃犯=a prisoner who has escapeda retired worker 退休工人=a worker who has retireda newly arrived guest 新来的客人=a guest who has just arrivedPeople should pay attention to the changed s
4、ituation.人们应该注意到变化了的形势。,1 动词ed形式在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。The students are fully prepared.学生们已做好了充分的准备。When we got there,the shop was closed.我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。比较要把动词-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态，被动语态表示被动动作。Peter the Great is buried here.彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。Peter the Great was buried here in 1725.彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。2 同一
5、动词的ed形式与ing形式作表语时的区别。动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，而动词-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。,They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene,all the people present were moved.看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动了。比较：amusing 使人高兴的 amused 开心的encouraging 鼓舞人心的 encouraged 受
6、鼓励的disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的exciting 使人激动的 excited 激动的puzzling 迷惑人的 puzzled 迷惑的satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 感到满意的Worrying 令人烦恼的 worried 烦恼的tiring 引起疲劳的 tired 疲劳的pleasing 令人愉快的 pleased 高兴的astonishing 令人惊讶的 astonished 惊讶的,当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般应用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。1 在感觉动词see,hear,feel,notice,
7、watch,find等后作宾语补足语。I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night.昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。We found all the rivers seriously polluted.我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。,比较动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。I couldnt get the car to start this morning.今早我无法把汽车发动起来。He got his sister to help him with his clothes.他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。It is
8、not hard to get him talking;the problem is stopping him!让他说话不难，难的是说开了止不住他。Can you really get that old clock going again?你真的能让那只旧钟再走起来吗？点津坊动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词-ed形式，但不可用动词-ing形式。【误】Can you make the students understanding the text?【正】Can you make the students understand the text?你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？【
9、正】Can you make the text understood by the students?你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？,2 在使役动词get,have,make,leave,keep等后作宾语补足语。动词-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come.我得先把盘子洗了，然后就来。动词-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。He raised his voice in order t
10、o make himself heard.他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。You should make your views known to the public.你应该让公众知道你的观点。动词-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。They all went home,leaving all the work undone.所有的工作都没完成，他们就回家了。The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night.侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房。,使役动词have后既可接动词-ed
11、形式，也可接动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。三者之间有一定的区别。have不定式动作由宾语发出，表示让某人做某事*Im going to have the teacher answer this question after class.我打算课后让老师回答这个问题。1.让某人做某事或让某种情况发生。*He had the car waiting outside.他让小汽车在外面等着。2.常用于否定结构，表示“不容忍”、“不能让”。*We wont have the child talking to his mother like that.我们不能容忍那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。1
12、.宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，表示某事由别人做。*Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪儿理的发？2.表示主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境。*The house had its roof blown off.房子的屋顶被吹掉了。3.完成某事(自己也可能参与)。*He has had one thousand yuan saved.他已存了1000元。4.否定式表示“不允许”。*I wont have anything said against her.我不允许别人说反对她的话。,3 动词ed形式也可用在with(without)结构中，作介词的宾语补足
13、语。With everything well arranged,he left the office.一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books.她已经回来了，背包里塞满了有趣的图书。Without any more time given,we couldnt finish the task in three weeks.如果不再给我们任何时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。4 某些动词后(如want,need,prefer,would like等)，作
14、宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“to be”，就成了动词ed形式作宾语补足语。I would like this matter(to be)settled immediately.我希望这事立即得到解决。The peasants dont want good farmland(to be)built on.农民们不想让好好的农田被用来建造房子。,1 前置定语单个动词-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。A watched pot never boils.心急锅不开。All the broken doors and windows have been repaired.所有的坏门
15、窗都修好了。When we arrived,we each were given a printed question paper.我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。,2 后置定语作后置定语的动词-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。We have read many novels written by this author.我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。(=that are written by this author)Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign
16、ambassadors.被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。(=who had been invited to the reception)The meeting,attended by one thousand students,was a success.这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席了。(=which was attended by one thousand students)A woman,dressed like a lawyer,came in and took her seat as judge.一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。(=who was d
17、ressed like a lawyer),3 动词ed形式作定语和ing形式作定语的区别动词-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成，而动词-ing形式作定语表示动词正在进行。the risen sun升起了的太阳 the rising sun正在升起的太阳boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves正在飘落的叶子changed condition改变了的情况changing condition变化着的情况developed countries发达国家developing countries发展中国家,4）分词作定语：1
18、.Do you know the man _(speak)at the meeting?2.Do you know the man _(praise)at the meeting?3.The building _(put)up last now is our library.4.The building _(put)up now will be our new company.,5.The building _(put)up next year will be our new company.6.There was an old temple _(stand)at the top of the
19、 hill.7.There is a sports meeting _(hold)next Tuesday.8.There was an old man _(live)in the village.,动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1 表示时间动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Seen from the tower,the city looks beautiful.从塔上往下看，城市显得很美丽。(=When the city is seen from the tower.)Shown the lab,we
20、 were taken to see the library.带我们参观了实验室之后，又带我们参观了图书馆。(=After we had been shown the lab.)Completely examined by the doctors,he went back to school right away.经过医生彻底检查以后，他立刻回到了学校。(=After he was completely examined.),点津有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when,while等来强调时间概念。Once recovered,he went all out to do his work.一恢复健
21、康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。When asked why she was late for class again,she hung her head in shame.当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。Once started,the clock will go half a month and keep good time.一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。,2 表示原因动词-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Moved by the heroic deeds,the children couldnt help crying.孩子们被英雄事迹感动
22、，情不自禁地哭了起来。(=Since they were moved by the heroic deeds.)Written in haste,her letter is very hard to read.因为写得快，她的信很难阅读。(=As it was written in haste.)Excited by the new discovery,we decided to go out and celebrate.我们因为新发现而激动万分，决定出去庆祝一下。(=Because we were excited by.),3 表示条件动词-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。H
23、eated,water changes into steam.加热，水就能变成蒸汽。(=If water is heated.)Given more time,he would be able to do better.假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。(=If he was given more time.)Compared with other professors,she was an excellent speaker.与其他教授相比，她是一个优秀的演说家。(=If she was compared with other protessors.)点津为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步
24、意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。Even if invited,I wont go.即使受到邀请，我也不去。Though beaten by the opposite team,they did not lose heart.虽然被对手打败，但他们并没有丧失信心。Unless invited,he will not come back to the company.除非被邀请，不然他不会回到公司来的。,5 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。The teacher stood there,surr
25、ounded by the students.老师站在那儿，被学生围住了。(=and he was surrounded by the students)He went into the office,followed by some children.他走进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。(=and he was followed by some children)点津坊动词的-ed形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。【误】I cannot stand laughed at.【正】I cannot stand being laughed at.我不能容忍被人嘲笑。【误】Invited to the st
26、ate banquet is a great honour.【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour.,1 动词-ed形式在句中作状语或表语时，它的逻辑主语一般来说就是句子的主语，动词-ed形式和主语之间是被动关系。Locked up,he had no way to escape.他被锁了起来，没有办法逃跑了。Lost in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.他陷入了沉思，几乎撞到了前面的汽车。She became discouraged at the n
27、ews.听到这个消息，她泄气了。,当动词-ed形式在句中作定语时，它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.第一批编写出来作为英语教材的课本是16世纪出版的。,Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain.薇薇恩把手指卡在自行车链条里了。(trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers)The valuable vase w
28、as found stolen.那个珍贵的花瓶发现被盗了(stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase)We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down.Thieves obviously had broken in.我们回到家发现整幢房子被翻得乱七八糟，很明显小偷闯进来了。(turned up side down的逻辑主语是句子的宾语house),动词-ed形式有时可有其独立的逻辑主语，常用作状语 Everything done,we went home.一切事情都做完了，我们就回家了。All our money run out,Henry had to find another job.钱都用完了，亨利不得不再找一份工作。,动词-ed形式的一些固定词组也可在句中作独立成分，不受逻辑主语的限制。Put frankly,I dont agree with what he said.坦白地说，我不同意他所说的。Given the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.考虑到他一般的身体状况，手术后的恢复可能需要一段时间。,
