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1、酒店管理系统需求分析说明书The Requirements Analysis of Hotel Management System二零一零年十月二十九日目 录1 引言(INTRODUCTIONS)11.1 编写目的(Purposes)11.2 定义(Definitions)11.3 参考资料(References)22 系统的综合要求22.1 系统功能分析(Research System Functions)32.2.1 系统操作的灵活性(The flexibility of system operation)32.2.2 系统的可扩展性(System scalability)42.2.3 系
2、统的安全性(System security)42.3.1 硬件要求(Hardware Requirement)：42.3.2 软件要求(Software Requirements)：43 系统数据要求分析(DATA REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS)53.1 餐饮管理子系统(Restaurants Management Subsystem)53.1.1 功能需求(The Requirement of Function)53.1.2 数据字典(The data dictionary)73.1.3 E-R图(E-R Diagram)93.1.4 数据流图(Data Flow)103.2
3、客房管理子系统(Rooms Management Subsystem)103.2.1 功能需求(The Requirement of Function)103.2.2 数据字典(The data dictionary)133.2.3 E-R图(E-R Diagram)153.2.4 数据流图(Data Flow)163.3 人事管理子系统(Personnel Management Subsystem)173.3.1 功能需求(The Requirement of Function)173.3.2 数据字典(The data dictionary)193.3.3 E-R图(E-R Diagram
4、)193.3.4 数据流图(Data Flow)223.4 财务管理子系统223.4.1 功能需求(The Requirement of Function)223.4.2 数据字典(The data dictionary)243.4.3 E-R图(E-R Diagram)263.4.4 数据流图(Data Flow)273.5 查询管理子系统(Inquires the Management Subsystem)273.5.1 功能需求(The Requirement of Function)273.5.2 数据字典(The data dictionary)283.5.3 E-R图(E-R Di
5、agram)323.5.4 数据流图(Data Flow)353.6 网上预订子系统(Internet Booking Subsystem)353.6.1 功能需求(The Requirement of Function)353.6.2 数据字典(The data dictionary)363.6.3 E-R图(E-R Diagram)373.6.4 数据流图(Data Flow)37酒店管理系统需求分析The Requirements Analysis of Hotel Management System1 引言(Introductions)随着计算机技术的日益成熟、普及，现代的企业管理的实
6、际运作在很多方面，很大程度上都必须借助于计算机来完成，相应软件的开发也就显得尤为重要。管理信息系统是一门新兴的科学，能够进行信息的收集、传送、储存、维护和加工。管理信息系统能反映企业的各种运行情况，利用历史数据预测未来，从全局出发辅助进行决策，利用信息控制行为，帮助实现规划目标，进行高效的管理。Along with the computer technology matures, modern enterprise management, the actual operation in many ways, to a large extent must with computer to com
7、plete, the corresponding software development is particularly important. Management information system is a new branch of science, can undertake information collection, transfer, storage, maintenance and processing. Management information system can reflect the various operation conditions, using th
8、e historical data to predict the future, from the overall situation decision-making information, auxiliary control behavior, helping to achieve objectives, efficient management.1.1 编写目的(Purposes)需求分析报告经过项目小组分析、讨论以及对用户需求的调查，结合相关资料后得出的对于酒店管理系统的需求和功能的分析。主要目的是为拟开发系统的设计与开发作好前期的准备工作。Demand analysis report
9、 after project team analysis, discussion and to the needs of the user survey, in conjunction with the relevant material reached after for hotel management system requirements and functional analysis. Main purpose is for your proposed development system design and development of prepared the preparat
10、ion work.1.2 定义(Definitions)实体：表示数据库中描述的现实世界中的对象或概念。实体是客观世界中存在的且可互相区分的事物实体可以是人也可以是物体实物，也可以是抽象概念。ER（Entity Relationship）图：)用来建立数据模型,在数据库系统概论中属于概念设计阶段，形成一个独立于机器，独立于DBMS的ER图模型。通常将它简称为ER图，相应地可把用ER图描绘的数据模型称为ER模型。ER图提供了表示实体（即数据对象）、属性和联系的方法，用来描述现实世界的概念模型。Physical Description: indicates the database of real
11、-world objects or concept. Entity is the objective world exists in each other and can distinguish things entity can be the person also can be physical objects, also can be abstract concepts.ER: To establish the data model, in the introduction to database systems within the concept design phase, form
12、ing a machine independent, independent of DBMS ER graph model. Usually it referred to as ER diagrams, accordingly can put ER diagram depicts the data model called ER modeling. ER graph provides said entities, attribute and contact method used to describe the conceptual model of the real world.1.3 参考
13、资料(References)1 Pfleeger，S.L.& J.M.Atlee. Software Engineering (Third Edition) M.北京：高等教育出版社，2006.92 张海藩.软件工程导论（第5版）M.北京：清华大学出版社，2008.73 刘金岭，冯万利，张有东.数据库原理及应用M.北京：清华大学出版社，2009.74 Leszek A.Maciaszek.需求分析与系统设计M.北京：机械工业出版社，2003.95 David C.Hay（著），孙学涛，赵凯，朱卫东（译）.需求分析M.北京：清华大学出版社，2004.52 系统的综合要求用户User姓名Name
14、工作号Work No.权限Permissions操作Operation餐饮Dining客户Customers姓名Name级别Level证件号ID消费Operation日期Date种类Type金额Amount客房Rooms预定Book包间号Room No.预定Book房间号Room No.其他服务Services财务管理Finance收入Income支出Expenditure清单List2.1 系统功能分析(Research System Functions)图2-1 系统总体E-R图前台餐饮管理客户管理信息查询财务管理预订清单位消费清单餐饮服务结账客房服务财务报表显示终端当日消费清单图2-2
15、系统数据流图2.2 系统性能要求(Performance Requirement)2.2.1 系统操作的灵活性(The flexibility of system operation)系统应该在用户应有的权限下，尽量提供操作的灵活性，应该让录入/修改人员方便地对整个酒店员工的数据库信息进行管理，让领导层能完成员工的考勤审批操作。System should be under the authority of the user should try to provide operational flexibility should be allowed to input / modify the
16、staff of the hotel staff to easily manage the information database to allow the leadership to complete the staff attendance approval operation.2.2.2 系统的可扩展性(System scalability)系统具有可扩展性，当有新的人事管理子系统条件添加时，能够很方便的对系统进行扩展。System should be scalable, as new personnel management subsystem conditions to be ad
17、ded, the system can easily be extended.2.2.3 系统的安全性(System security)由于系统是基于网络的操作，安全性显的很重要。具体要求如下：Because the system is web-based operations, security was very important.操作本系统有一套权限访问控制，只有具有相应权限的人才可以完成其权限内的操作。无权限的人员无法通过任何途径查看或者修改数据；Authority to operate this system has a set of access control, and only
18、 people with the appropriate permissions to complete the operation within its competence.能修改系统参数的人必须比一般用户具有更高的权限。Who can modify system parameters must be higher than the average user has permissions.2.3 运行要求(Service Requirement)2.3.1 硬件要求(Hardware Requirement)：（1）CPU：Inter Pentium II 266 MX或更高（2）内存：
19、256MB以上。2.3.2 软件要求(Software Requirements)：（1）服务器端操作系统为Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server及以上，数据库管理系统为Microsoft SQL Server 2005。（2）客户端操作系统为Windows 2000/Windows XP及以上。3 系统数据要求分析(Data Requirements Analysis)3.1 餐饮管理子系统(Restaurants Management Subsystem)3.1.1 功能需求(The Requirement of Function)餐饮管理子系统管理对
20、餐饮的操作，主要包括预定管理、点菜管理、采购管理、结账管理四个子模块。预定管理可以实现预定时间、预定餐桌号（包括大厅餐桌、包间房号）、交付押金。点菜管理包括菜名、菜的价格以及送往厨房。采购管理包括种类、菜价、数量以及通往商贩。结账管理主要是通过收银员来进行结账，包括普通用户结账和会员结账。相应功能实现如下图：Dining restaurant management subsystem manages the operation, including reservation management, order management, purchasing management, billing
21、management of four modules. Booking management can achieve the scheduled time, booked a table number (including the hall table, including room number), delivery of the deposit. Order management, including name of the dish, food prices, and sent to the kitchen. Procurement management including types,
22、 vegetable, and the number of leading vendors. Management mainly through the checkout cashier for checkout, including ordinary users and members checkout. Corresponding function to achieve the following figure.采购管理PurchasingManagement餐饮管理子系统Restaurants Management Subsystem预定管理Booking Management点菜管理M
23、enu Choosing Management结账管理Clearing Management图3-1 餐饮管理子系统功能图（1）预定管理（Booking Management）预定管理包括三小块，预定时间、预定餐桌号（包括大厅餐桌、包间房号）、交付押金。Booking management includes three pieces, the scheduled time, booked a table number (including the hall table, including room number), delivery of the deposit.预订时间：只要顾客预定时间都
24、是在营业期间内即可。Booking Time: as long as customers are in the business during the scheduled time can be.预定餐桌号：只要顾客所定的餐桌号是属于未预定过的即可，其中包括厅内的桌号及包间的号数或厅名。No reservation of tables: the table as long as the customer number is set off is not scheduled to, including the Chamber between the table number and the pa
25、cket number or room name.交付押金：统一押金为200元。A deposit: a unified security deposit of 200 yuan.相应功能实现如图Corresponding function implementation in Figure预定管理Order Management预订时间Booking Time预定餐桌号Booking the Table交付押金Costing Deposit图3-2 预定管理功能图（2）点菜管理（Order management）点菜管理包括菜名、菜的价格（送往厨房）。Order management, inc
26、luding name of the dish, food prices (sent to the kitchen).菜名：从菜单上选择即可。Name of the dish: you can choose from the menu.菜价：从菜单上选择即可。Vegetables: you can choose from the menu.相应功能实现如图Corresponding function implementation in Figure点菜管理Menu Choosing Management菜价Vegetables Price菜名Vegetables Name图3-3 点菜管理功能
27、图（3）采购管理Procurement Management采购管理包括种类、菜价、数量（送往商贩）。Procurement management including types, vegetable, number (sent to vendors.)种类：由厨房内的人员根据菜单来确定，厨房事先都准备好的。Category: officers from the kitchen menu to determine the kitchen are prepared in advance.菜价：此项是厨房与商贩之间的沟通。Vegetables: This is the communication
28、between the kitchen and vendors.数量：此项是厨房与商贩之间的沟通。Quantity: This is the communication between the kitchen and traders相应的功能实现如图Corresponding function implementation in Figure采购管理PurchasingManagement数量The Amount菜价 VegetablesPrice种类Types图3-4 采购管理功能图3.1.2 数据字典(The data dictionary)根据本系统的用户需求，可以将系统划分为预定管理、
29、点菜管理、采购管理、结账管理四个子模块。其中，预定管理可以实现预定时间、预定餐桌号（包括大厅餐桌、包间房号）、交付押金。点菜管理包括菜名、菜的价格以及送往厨房。采购管理包括种类、菜价、数量以及通往商贩。结账管理主要是通过收银员来进行结账，包括普通用户结账和会员结账。以下是按照上述共六个子功能模块划分得数据字典。According to the system user needs, the system can be divided into pre management, order management, purchasing management, billing management o
30、f four modules. Among them, management can schedule scheduled, booked a table number (including the hall table, including room number), delivery of the deposit. Order management, including name of the dish, food prices, and sent to the kitchen. Procurement management including types, vegetable, and
31、the number of leading vendors. Management mainly through the checkout cashier for checkout, including ordinary users and members checkout. The following is based on the total of six sub-function modules have the data dictionary.表3-1 顾客基本信息表名字：顾客基本信息Name: Basic information the customer别名：客户资料表Alias：C
32、lient Information Form描述：存储顾客的基本信息Description: Basic information stored in the customer定义：顾客基本信息=姓名+性别+证件号+消费金额+房号+会员情况+折扣优惠Definition: Basic information the customer name + gender + = ID + number + room number, the amount of consumption situation + + member discounts位置：Position：数据约束：姓名，性别，证件号，房号，会员
33、情况，折扣优惠为字符型数据，消费金额为数值型数据。Data Constraints: name, sex, identification number, room number, membership conditions, discounts for the character data, the amount of consumption for the numerical data.长度要求：姓名（10），性别（2），证件号（32），房号（5）Data Constraint: name(10), sex(2), Document number (32), room number (5)表
34、3-2 预定信息表名字：预定信息Name: Booking Information描述：存储客户预定相关信息Description: Book store customer information定义：预定信息=顾客姓名+顾客证件号+房号+房价+预付款金额+菜单+账单Definition: Booking Information = Customer identification number + name + room number + price + amount + menu + bill advances位置：Position:数据约束：顾客姓名，顾客证件号，房号都为字符型数据，预付款
35、金额为数值型数据。Data Constraint: Customer name, customer ID number, room number are all character data, the amount of numerical data advances.表3-3 库存信息表名字：库存信息Name: Stock Information别名：库存数量表Alias: Inventory Quantity Table描述：统计当天消耗的数量及剩下的数量，并生成需购信息表Description: Statistical quantities consumed and the rest o
36、f the day number, and the need to share information table generated定义：库存信息=库存数量+消耗数量+需购信息表Definition: Inventory = inventory quantity + consumption need to share information on the number of + table位置：Position:数据约束：所有字段均为字符型数据。Data Constraint: All fields are character data.3.1.3 E-R图(E-R Diagram)服务员顾
37、客点菜预定商贩厨师采购姓名性别证件号时间姓名性别代号级别姓名住址姓名数量种类菜种菜名价格菜价餐桌号结账收银员会员结账普通结账工作证号姓名图3-5 餐饮管理子系统E-R图3.1.4 数据流图(Data Flow)顾客基本信息预订信息库存信息顾客基本作息表房间信息表菜单账单需购信息表餐饮管理系统系统原始数据录入 系统输出数据图3-6 餐饮管理子系统数据流图3.2 客房管理子系统(Rooms Management Subsystem) 3.2.1 功能需求(The Requirement of Function)（1）客房管理(Room Management)客房管理包括五小块，预订房间，开/退房间
38、，调房，消费记账和续收/退还预付款。预订房间：服务员填入顾客信息，选择房间，显示房间相关信息，改房间状态改为已预订。Room management including five small pieces, reservations, check in/out, adjustable room, consumption charge and renewal charge/return the deposit.Reservation: waiter fill in customers information, choose information of rooms, show relevant i
39、nformation of room, the state has to change room reservation.开/退房间：服务员填入顾客信息，选择房间，显示房间相关信息，改房间状态改为已开或空闲。调房：服务员输入顾客原来客房号，欲入住新客房号，显示房间相关信息，计算相应消费。消费记账：顾客在退房时，自动计算顾客消费。续收/退还预付款：计算预付款差额，并保存。相应功能实现如图Check in/out: Waiter fill in customers information, choose room, show information of rooms, change the roo
40、m status information to already opened or leisure.Adjustable room: Waiter input customers original room number, new guest room number, show relevant information of rooms, calculating the corresponding consumption.Consumption charge: When the customer check-out, calculation of consumer spending autom
41、atic.Renewal charge/return advance payment: Calculating the advance payment balance, and preserve.Corresponding function realization as shown in the diagram客房管理Rooms Management预订房间Booking Rooms开/退房间Check InCheck Out调房Adjustable Rooms消费记账Consumption Charge续收/退还预付款Renewal Charge/Return the Deposit图3-6
42、 客房管理功能图（2）信息查询信息查询包括住房信息查询和顾客信息查询两部分。住房信息查询：查询每个房间的状态，价格，类型，换房明细。顾客信息查询：查询每个顾客的会员情况，享受折扣情况，住房历史记录和累计消费。相应功能实现如图：Information query including housing information query and customer information query two parts.Housing information query: To inquire each room state, price, type, move rooms details.Custo
43、mer information query: Inquires the member condition, each and every customer enjoy discount, housing history records and cumulative.Corresponding function realization as shown in the diagram信息查询Information Search住房信息查询Housing Information Query顾客信息查询Customer Information Query图3-7 信息查询功能图（3）报表统计报表统计主
44、要统计客房明细，预付款明细，客房开房明细和当前在住客房报表信息。客房明细总表：统计客房的所有信息。预付款表：统计预付款的所有记录，并计算预付款差额。客房开房明细总表：统计酒店当天客房开房的数量。当前在住客房报表：统计酒店当前在住的客房数量。相应的功能实现如图Statement statistics major statistical rooms, advance payment details, details in detail and the current room check in living rooms statements information.Guest room detai
45、l overall table: Statistics of guest rooms all information.Advance tables: Statistical advance all records is calculated, and the advance payment balance.Guest check in detail overall table: Statistical hotel guest check in on the quantity.Currently in the living room statements: Statistical hotel r
46、ooms in the living quantity.The corresponding function realization as shown in the diagram报表统计Statement Statistics客房明细总表Rooms Detail Overall Table预付款明细表Advance Payment Schedule客房开房明细表Guest Check In Schedule当前在住客房The Living Room Currently图3-8 报表统计功能图3.2.2 数据字典(The data dictionary)表3-4 客房基本信息表名字：客房基本信息Name: Room Basic Information别名：房间信息表Alias: Room Information Table描述：存储客房的基本信息Description: The basic information of the storage room定义：客房基本信息=房间号码+房间状态+房间类型+房间价格Definition: Room Ba
