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1、名词性从句,volunteers,The pictures tell us about v_ work.,The pictures tell us that we should do some voluntary work.,Its our social responsibility.,That we should do some voluntary work.,“It”refers to?,Replace“it“!,That we should do some voluntary work is our social responsibility.,宾语,宾语从句,充当主语 subject,
2、主语从句,Develop it,Its our social responsibility that we should do some voluntary work.,形式主语,Our social responsibility is _ we should do some voluntary work.,Our social responsibility _ we should do some voluntary work is necessary.,that,that,表语从句,同位语从句,oluntary,名词性从句 Noun clause,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主
3、语,His job is important.,is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is,What he does,what he does every day,辨别下列名词性从句的类别：1.How the book will sell depends on its author.2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently.4.The fact that he has not been s
4、een recently disturbs everyone in his office.5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when
5、,where,how,why,1。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义，宾语从句中可省略2。引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,that不可省略。,1.That he will succeed is certain.2.Whether he will go there is not known.3.What he said is not true.4.Where he hid the money is to be found out.5.Whoever comes is welcome.,主语从句,Underline the subject,一主语从句,主语
6、从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,1.It 作形式主语,It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.,1 That he will succeed is certain2 Whether he will go there is not known3 When they will start the
7、project has not been decided yet,1 It is certain that he will succeed2 It is not known whether he will go there3 It has not been decided yet when they will start the project,改成it作形式主语结构,2.用it 作形式主语的结构,(1)It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2)It
8、is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3)It 不及物动词 从句 It occurs to sb that 某人突然想起 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4)It is 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说,4.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语
9、，而that 则不然。1)What you said yesterday is right.2)That she is still alive is a surprise.3)What I want to know is this.4)That he can take good care of himself is quite certain.注意由What引导的主语从句不能构成It iswhat的句式。如 It is right what he said.,二宾语从句,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。,1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导
10、的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如：I heard that he joined the army.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：She did not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.,2.作介词的宾语，例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作
11、）with one another.,3.作形容词的宾语，例如：I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.I am sure(that)he will win the game.,4.it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.,5.否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,i
12、magine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：_我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,I dont think the dress fits you well,三表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外，常用的还有the reason is that;It is because 和This is why等结构。例如：1)The question is _ we can make good preparation in
13、such a short time.2)This is _ we cant get the support of the people.3)But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.4)The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus.,whether/how,why,that,why,that,四同位语从句,1.同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，前面名词通常是 decision order,fa
14、ct,news,idea,opinion 例如：1)The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。,2.同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports
15、meeting was put off.,3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别,(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。,(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：,1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that
16、在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,（I）试比较下面两个例句:1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.,（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）,（that引导同位语从句,在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以
17、省略）,辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句1.We heard the news that our team had won.2.We must face the fact that we had spent all our money.3.The news that he told me yesterday was false.4.I have no doubt that he will come soon.5.The fact is that we have spent all our money.,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,表语从句,翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从
18、句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.What he wants is a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you.4.This is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we(should)have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is certain.7.I suggested just now we
19、(should)take part in this activity.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well.10.The problem is whether you can sing it well.11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.12.Please tell me who your monitor is.,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,
20、主语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,考点 在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代：主语从句,Whether he will come is unknown.,2.表语从句，如：,The question is whether you should accept it.,3.同位语从句，如：,The question whether hell attend the meeting is not decided.,4.从句作介词的宾语，如：,Im not interested in whether theyll go or no
21、t.,6.直接跟不定式连用，如：,She hasnt decided whether to go or not.,It depends on whether or not we have got enough money.,5.有or not 紧跟其后的,用if 或whether 填空,1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.4.It depends on _ we will ha
22、ve enough money.5._ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go without you.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,考点 主谓一致问题,何时开会还没有决定。,When the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.,他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。,When the person was murdered and why he was murdere
23、d_(is/are)still unknown.,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用_形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用_形式。,总结归纳：,单数,复数,has,When they will start and where they will go_(have)still unknown.,何时何地开会还没有决定。,When and where the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.,have,has,单数,名词性从句在句中要用_语序,从句的引导词必须
24、始终置于_,考点语序问题,1.No one can be sure _ in a million years.what will man look likeB.what man will look likeC.man will look like what D.what look will man like,陈述,总结归纳：,2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B.how excited they wereC.how excited were
25、they D.they were how excited,句首,考点 时态问题,2.Our physics teacher once told us that light _（travel）faster than sound.,travels,总结归纳：,3)主句的动词用一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用各种时态,1.He said that he will go to the station.(改错）.,3.Tom says that Mary _(go)abroad last year and _(be)there for nearly 5 months.,1）主句的动词用过去时，从句谓语
26、动词用过去的某种时态,2）主句的动词用过去时，从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语等，从句谓语动词用一般现在时,went,has been,would,I suggest that she(shoul)do her work alone.The commander insisted that troops(should)set off at once.但suggest意为“表明，暗示”等时；insist 为“坚持主张，坚持认为”等时，应用陈述语气：His expression sgguested that he disagreed with me.The doctor insisted the his
27、 treatment was right.,在宾语从句中，表建议，命令，坚持，要求command,order,suggest,advise,insist,desire(请求）,demand,beg,require,request，propose 等动词如果后面加上宾语从句的话,从句谓语部分必须用（should）do,考点语气,在主语从句中 it is+necessary(important,natrural,strange,essentail,etc）+that it is+a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc)+thatit is+suggested(requested,
28、proprosed,desired,ect)+that如：It is strange that she(should)think so 在同位语从句和表语从句中，名称是表示“建议，请求，要求，命令”等的从句用虚拟语气，如：His suggestion is that we(should)hold another meeting to discuss the question.His suggestion that we(should)hold another meeting to discuss the question is surpported by us.,1.It is importa
29、nt that _ our education in all available ways.A.we must develop B.we shall develop C.we would develop D.we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week.A.we got everything ready B.we have got everything ready C.We get everything ready D.we must get everything ready 3.It was natural
30、that _.A.my pictures would surprise them B.my pictures surprised them C.my pictures should surprise them D.my pictures would have surprised them4.I wonder _.A.whether or not Ill catch the last bus B.if or not Ill catch the last bus C.that Ill catch the last bus or not D.that Ill catch the last bus,P
31、ractice1.what/thata._ he said at the meeting surprised us.b._ he spoke（发言）at the meeting surprised us.2.if/whether _you go or stay at home wont make any differences.3.What a pity _is _you didnt arrive by daylight！A.there,because B.it,that C.he,when D.that,for4.We are ready to do _ the country wants
32、us to do.A.what B.which C.no matter what D.whatever,What,That,Whether,B,D,5.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson.A.so B.such C.it D.that6.I took _ for granted（想当然）that they were not coming.A.that B.this C.it D.so7.I heard _ said that he had great concern（关心）for his classmates.A.and
33、B.that C.was D.it8.I wish I _ to the football match last night.A.went B.go C.should go D.had gone,综合运用：,The earth is round,_ is known to everybody.,as/which,2._ is known to everybody,the earth is round.,As,3._ the earth is round is known to everybody.,That,4._ is known to everybody that the earth is round.,It,5.Everybody knows _ the earth is round.,that,6._ surprised us very much that our teacher left without a word.,It,7._ surprised us very much was that our teacher left without a word.,What,
