《英语基础语法讲解简单句.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语基础语法讲解简单句.ppt(26页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、英语基本语法讲解 简单句,句子结构,Exercise,HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.Things change.China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.,简单句的五种基本形式,简单句的五种基本形式,主语+谓语(不及物动词)主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语+宾语+补语主语+谓语
2、+间接宾语+直接宾语,基本句型一:主+谓,主语加不及物谓语动词组成,表示主语的动作。E.g.Things change.主 谓(vi)Time flies.主 谓(vi),练习翻译以下句子,1.太阳升起了。2.他离开了。3.My right arm hurts.4.The plane landed safely.5.It rains.,基本句型二:主+谓+宾,主语+及物谓语动词+宾语可充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、V-ing 结构及名词性从句e.g.I watch TV every night.S vt.O We accepted their advice.S vt.O,练习翻译以下句
3、子,1.I understand the program.2.She asked to see the manager.3.We dont trust him because he often lies.4.他拿着书包离开了。5.我不知道下一步该干什么。,基本句型三:主+系+表,主语+系动词+表语 系动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,后面必须与表语连用,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。e.g.I am a student.She became a lawyer.,系动词,动词的分类,根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(L
4、ink Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。,实义动词,不及物动词(vi)本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。vi后面若要跟宾语,必须加上介词。及物动词(vt)后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。vt后面可以直接跟宾语。有不少的动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。区别在于它所表示的含义有所不同。e.g.beat vi.跳动 vt.敲、打;grow vi.生长 vt.种植 play vi.玩耍 vt.打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味)vt.嗅ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 hang vi.悬挂 vt.绞死 speak v
5、i.讲话 vt.说(语言)operate vi.动手术 vt.操作,情态动词,助动词,如何区别主谓宾与主系表结构?,1.主谓宾中谓语动词是实义动词,而主系表结构用的是系动词。2.宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者,宾语一般放在及物动词之后,表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。,区分以下句子是主谓宾还是主系表?,1.She plans to travel in the coming May Day.2.The tree has grown much taller than before.3.He looked worried just now.4.She asked to see t
6、he manager.5.Mary is considering changing her job.,基本句型四:主+谓+宾+宾补,宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。e.g.You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。We made him our monitor.我们选他当班长。,练习翻译句子,1.We call him a fool.2.We found the house empty.3.Our neighbo
7、rs built their wall high.4.他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。5.老板让他整天做那项工作。,基本句型四:主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。如:Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作
8、为生日礼物。The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。,练习翻译句子,1.他把照片寄给了我。2.读书会给我们带来很多乐趣。3.Can you give me your phone number?4.Pass me that book,please.5.Lily hands me a picture.,如何区分主谓双宾与主谓宾宾补?,在主谓宾宾补中,宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。而在主谓双宾中,间接宾语与直接宾语在逻辑上没有
9、任何关系。E.g.Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.双宾中,Her 与dictionary 没有任何关系 I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.宾语与宾补之间是逻辑主谓关系her 是sing 的动作发出者,两者是主谓关系。,练习判断以下句子属于哪种基本结构,His father told him not to play in the street.Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.We believe you to be an honest man.I heard them singing in the classroomMy father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.,Thank You!,