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1、,非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：,考点解密,现在，我们简要回顾其主要考点：,考点1：作主语表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用-ing形式；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。考点2：作表语(1)动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。(2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像puzzling,surprising,exciting等-ing分词表示“令人的(事物)”；像puzzled,surprised,excited等
2、-ed分词表示“(人)感到的”。,考点3：作宾语(1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如refuse,expect,promise,decide,offer,pretend等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如：keep,allow,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,avoid,admit,advise,consider,imagine,appreciate,escape,suggest等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(3)在表示“需要”的need,want和require等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的
3、被动式。,(4)在forget,remember,regret,mean,try等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。(5)在介词之后用动名词作宾语。注意to是介词的短语，如be/get used to,be accustomed to(习惯于),contribute to,devote oneself to/be devoted to,get down to,look forward to等。(6)含介词的固定句式：prevent/stop/keep sb./sth.from doing 阻止做,spend/waste time or money in doing 在做方面花费
4、/浪费时间或金钱have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做方面有些困难have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难there is no sense in doing做是没有理由/道理的(7)介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除外”的介词but和except后，有时可接不定式；当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；前面没有行为动词do时，要带to。,考点4：作宾补当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式
5、。另外，请注意复习以下6点：(1)在ask,invite,encourage,advise,forbid,remind等动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。(2)在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。,(3)在make,let,have等使役动词和feel,smell,hear,see,watch等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。(4)在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用-ing形式，表示宾语与-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持续进行。,(5)get sb.to d
6、o sth.=have sb.do sth.使某人做某事(主动、将来);get/havedoing使处于某一状态中(主动、持续);getdone=have sth.done请人做/遭受(被动)。(6)make oneself 后常用understood,heard,seen,known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。,考点5：作状语(1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用-ing形式，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用-ed形式。(2)不定式作状语只能放在句末，且不用逗号，多用于表示情
7、绪或情感反应的动词、形容词(如glad,sorry,surprised,frightened,delighted)之后，表示原因。(3)不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也还用于tooto,enough to,so/suchas to等固定结构中。-ing形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。,(4)在作表语的形容词后或者作宾补的形容词后作状语，一般只用不定式。(5)表示目的时只能用不定式，此时的不定式可以放在句首。(6)在“连词(如when,while,if,though
8、等)+分词”结构中，当分词与主句主语是主动关系时用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。,考点6：作定语(1)动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有要”；或修饰“the+序数词”。(2)分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。,考点7：特殊句式Why not do sth.?=Why dont you do sth.?何不做某事呢？had better(not)do sth.最好(不)做某事would rather(not)do sth.宁愿(不)做某事wou
9、ld do A rather than do B=would rather do A than do B=prefer to do A rather than do B=prefer doing A to doing B 宁做A事不做B事,考点8：独立结构(1)-ing形式的独立成分：judging by/from(根据判断),generally speaking(一般说来)，strictly speaking(严格说来),frankly speaking(坦率地说)等。(2)不定式的独立结构：to tell you the truth(和你说实话吧),to make things worse
10、(情况更糟的是)等。(3)用作介词或连词的considering(考虑到，就而言)和given(考虑到)后接名词或that从句。,解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。,解题技巧,另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用to do还是用to be done时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓
11、语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：,例1the proverb,“plucking up a crop 32(help)it grow”,is based on the following story.(2008年广东),实例剖析,思路分析：因句中已有谓语is based，而“plucking up a crop 32(help)it grow”是the proverb的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，help应是谓语动词；“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填to help。,例2While she was getti
12、ng me _34_(settle)into a tiny but clean room(2007年广东),思路分析：因句中已有谓语was getting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由settle sb.into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填settled。,非谓语动词,一、考点分析非谓语动词在语法填空中，每年必考，且每年一个小题，但四年来，只涉及到非谓语动词的两种用法。,1.作状语。(2010年广东)He spit it out,37(say)it was awful.解析因句中已有谓语spit，此处又没有连词，say
13、不是并列谓语，而是非谓语动词；又因he与say是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。,saying,2.作宾补。(2007年广东)Finally,I accepted the offer of an old peasant woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me 34(settle)into a tiny but clean room,解析由settle sb.into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补。又如：A nurse settled the o
14、ld man into a chair.护士让那位老人舒舒服服地坐在椅子上。,settled,温馨提示:虽然只考查了非谓语动词作状语和作宾语补足语，但复习时，非谓语动词作定语、作主语和作宾语也不可忽视。,二、真题演练用所给词的适当形式填空。1.She wished that he was as easy 32(please)as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume.(2009年广东),1.to please 句中已有谓语was easy，please应为非谓语动词；因在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，故填to please。,to
15、 please,2.For example,the proverb,“plucking up a crop32(help)it grow”,is based on the following story.(2008年广东),2.to help 作目的状语，用动词不定式。,to help,3.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _(discover).(2010江西卷),3.to be discovered。动词wait后习惯上接不定式；另外，actors与discover之间为被动关系，即“等着被发现”，故选不定式的被动
16、式。,to be discovered,4.We were astonished _(find)the temple still in its original condition.(2010辽宁卷),4.to find。be astonished后要接不定式表示原因。,to find,5.With Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank _(buy)presents for my dad.(2010全国卷I),5.to buy。“给父亲买礼物”是“从银行拿钱出来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定
17、式。,to buy,6.His first book _(publish)next month is based on a true story.(2010陕西卷),6.to be published。根据句中的next month可知是将出版，故要用不定式；又因为book与publish之间为被动关系，故要用不定式的被动式。,to be published,7.I have a lot of readings _(complete)before the end of this term.(2010山东卷),7.to complete。表示有事要做，用“have+宾语+不定式”结构，其中的不定
18、式用作定语，修饰其前的名词。,to complete,8.Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one _ first is the library.(2010重庆卷),8.to be repaired。表示首先要修理的那座建筑物，即表示未来，用动词不定式；又the one与repair是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。,to be repaired,9._(approach)the city center,we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.(2010上海卷),9.A
19、pproaching。因we与approach是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作状语。,Approaching,10.In many peoples opinion,that company,though relatively small,is pleasant _(deal)with.(2010四川卷),10.to deal。在形容词easy,hard,difficult,pleasant等后作状语，用动词不定式，且习惯上要用主动形式表示被动含义。,to deal,11.That is the only way we can imagine _(reduce)the overuse of wa
20、ter in students bathrooms.(2010上海卷),11.to reduce。不定式在此用作定语，修饰the only way。其实，the only way还有两个定语，一个是we can imagine，另一个是to reduce the overuse of water。,to reduce,12.I had great difficulty _(find)the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(2010上海卷),12.finding。have difficulty(in)doing sth 为固定句式，其意
21、为“做某事有困难”。,finding,13.Im calling to enquire about the position _(advertise)in yesterdays China Daily.(2010北京卷),13.advertised。由于position(职位)与 advertise(登广告)之间为被动关系，且广告昨天已经刊发了，故用过去分词作定语。,advertised,14.So far nobody has claimed the money _(discover)in the library.(2010湖南卷),14.discovered。由于money与discove
22、r之间为被动关系，由句意可知，钱“已经”被发现，故用过去分词作定语。,discovered,15.Alexander tried to get his work _(recognize)in the medical circles.(2010辽宁卷),15.recognized。考查“get+宾语+过去分词”结构。其中的“宾语”与其后的“过去分词”之间为被动关系。,recognized,16.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _(borrow)from the library.(2010全国卷I),16.borrowed。因maps与bor
23、row之间为被动关系；再根据句意，地图是“已经”借来了，所以用过去分词作定语。,borrowed,17.Though _(surprise)to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.(2010全国卷II),17.surprised。因the professor与surprise是被动关系，故用“连词+过去分词”作状语。,surprised,18._(see)from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.(2010陕西卷),18.Seen。由
24、于the south foot与see之间为被动关系，故要选过去分词作状语。,Seen,19.The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already _(lay)for a meal to be cooked.(2010山东卷),19.laid。短语lay a table的意思是“摆桌子”，因句中的table与动词lay之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。,laid,20.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _(carry)out regularly
25、,can improve our health.(2010浙江卷),20.carried。由于exercise(锻炼)与carry out(进行，执行)之间为被动关系，故用“连词+过去分词”作状语，if carried out regularly相当于if it is carried out regularly。,carried,21.A great number of students _(question)said they were forced to practice the piano.(2010四川卷),21.questioned。由于students与question(提问，询问
26、)之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。,questioned,22.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _(amuse)with her stories.(2010上海卷),22.amused。意思是Lucy让他的同事“感到愉快”，表示人“感到愉快”，用-ed形式作宾补(相当于形容词作宾补的)，故填amused。,amused,23.He had a wonderful childhood,_(travel)with his mother to all corners of the world.(201
27、0安徽卷),23.traveling。因he与travel是主动关系，故用现在分词短语traveling with his mother作状语，表示原因。,traveling,24._(look)at my classmates faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes.(2010北京卷),24.Looking。因I与look是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。,Looking,25.Listen!Do you hear someone _(call)for help?(2010湖南卷),25.calling。由listen可知，动作正在进行，
28、表示“听见某人在做某事”，用hear sb doing sth句型。,calling,26.It rained heavily in the south,_(cause)serious flooding in several provinces.(2010天津卷),26.causing。“引起严重水灾”是“下大雨”的自然结果，作结果状语，用现在分词作状语。causing与which caused相当。,causing,27.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds m
29、ust be in a child safety seat.(2010浙江卷),27.weighing。因young children与weigh是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。句中介词短语under和现在分词短语weighing一起作定语，修饰young children。,weighing,28.Almost 33(freeze),the old man could not get off the ground.(2010深圳一模),28.frozen。因句子主语the old man与freeze(冻僵)是被动关系，故用过去分词作原因状语。,frozen,29.A pick-up tru
30、ck passed us on the road and,a few minutes later,I saw it 33(pull)back and the driver looking directly at us.(2010广州期末),29.pulling。因it与pull在这是主动关系，用现在分词作宾补，即see sb./sth.doing sth.句型。,pulling,30.It was a presidential talk 33(deliver)at a time of economic uncertainty for many American families.(2010揭阳
31、二模),30.delivered。过去分词作后置定语。,delivered,Thank you!,一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1._(walk)is a good form of exercise for both young and old.(全国)2.Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions.Its no use _(argue)with him.(上海)3.Please remain _(seat);the winner of the prize will be announced soon.(辽宁)4.Can
32、 I smoke here?Sorry.We dont allow _(smoke)here.(江苏),Walking,arguing,seated,smoking,5.It is difficult to imagine his _(accept)the decision without any consideration.(陕西)6.I cant stand _(work)with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _(stop)talking while she works.(北京)7.As a result of the serious
33、flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _(repair).(陕西)8.Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried _(live)alone,but she didnt like it and moved back home.(湖南),accepting,to stop,working,to be repaired,living,9.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _(not
34、 take)his advice!(安徽)10.If you think that treating a woman well means always _(get)her permission for things,think again.(湖南)11.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _(open and close)could be heard outside the classroom.(全国)12.They are quiet,arent they?Yes.They are accustomed to _(not talk)at
35、 meals.(江苏),not taking,getting,being opened and closed,not talking,13.Isnt it time you got down to _(mark)the papers?(重庆)14.Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _(set)up some schools for poor children.(上海)15.She looks forward every spring to _(walk)in the flower-lined garden.(上海)16.Havin
36、g been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time _(pass)the exam.(福建),marking,setting,walking,passing,17.According to a recent U.S.survey,children spend up to 25 hours a week _(watch)TV.(上海)18.I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _(happen)again.(全国)19.Did you have trouble
37、 in_(find)the post office?(全国)20.Sandy could do nothing but _(admit)to his teacher that he was wrong.(上海),watching,happening,finding,admit,21.I smell something _(burn)in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?(全国)22.Dont leave the water _(run)while you brush your teeth.(天津)23.It was so cold tha
38、t they kept the fire _(burn)all night.(全国)24.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _(carry)out the next year.(全国),burning,running,burning,carried out,25.To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English _(speak)as much as we can.(江苏)26.He is very popular among
39、his students as he always tries to make them _(interest)in his lectures.(江苏)27.Energy drinks are not allowed _(make)in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(上海)28.My advisor encouraged me _(take)a summer course to improve my writing skills.(北京),spoken,interested,to be made,to take,29.My par
40、ents have always made me _(feel)good about myself,even when I was twelve.(江苏)30.They knew her very well.They had seen her _(grow)up from childhood.(全国)31.The mother felt herself _(grow)cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.(上海)32.Paul doesnt have to be made _(learn)
41、.He always works hard.(全国),feel,grow,grow,to learn,33.Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work _(fill)my mind,I almost break down.(福建)34.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _(finish),he gladly accepted it.(安徽)35.With a lot of difficult problems
42、_(set),the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(上海)36.The director had her assistant _(pick)up some hot dogs for the meeting.(全国),filling,finished,to settle,pick,37.Did Peter fix the computer himself?He had it _(fix),because he doesnt know much about computers.(安徽)38.Jenny hopes that Mr.Sm
43、ith will suggest a good way to have her written English _(improve)in a short period.(福建)39.Helen had to shout to make herself _(hear)above the sound of the music.(广西)40.Peter received a letter just now _(say)his grandma would come to see him soon.(四川),fixed,improved,heard,saying,41.As the light turn
44、ed green,I stood for a moment,not _(move),and asked myself what I was going to do.(湖南)42._(walk)in the fields on a March afternoon,he could feel the warmth of spring.(安徽)43._(wait)in the queue for half an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.(福建)44._(blame)for the bre
45、akdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.(福建),moving,Walking,Having waited,Blamed,45.He hurried to the booking office only _(tell)that all the tickets had been sold out.(陕西)46.European football is played in 80 countries,_(make)it the most popular sport in the world.(全国)47.You w
46、ere silly not _(lock)your car.(湖南)48.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good _(breathe).(宁夏),to be told,making,to have locked,to breathe,49._(complete)the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.(湖南)50.When _(ask)why he went there,he said he was sent there
47、 to be trained for a space flight.(江西)51.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water)every day.(四川)52.When _(compare)different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(浙江),To complete,asked,watered,comparing,53.The last one _(arrive)
48、pays the meal.Agree!(全国)54.The trees _(blow)in the storm have been moved off the road.(湖南)55.Can those _(seat)at the back of the classroom hear me?(福建)56.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures _(form)in your mind instead of before your eyes.(广西),to arrive,blown,
49、seated,forming,57.Its a long time since I saw my sister.(全国)Why not _(visit)her this weekend?58._(search)the website of the Fire Department in your city,and you will learn a lot about firefighting.(湖南)59.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _(finish)for the day.(重庆)60._(give)
50、the general state of health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(北京),visit,Search,finished,Given,二、语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。Freud was one of the first scientists 1_（make）serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activities 2_（base）in the brain that involve how we act,thin
