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1、HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY, HISTORICAL DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS DATA FOR THE DESIGN OF INTAKE AND OUTFALL SYSTEM AT INDEPENDENT WATER AND POWER PLANT IN MIRBAT, SULTANATE OF OMANDRAFT REPORTFebruary 2010ALSAFA Environmental & Technical Services LLCP.O. Box: 3013CPO SeebPostal Code: 111Sultanate of Oman
2、Tel: (00968) 24499809Fax: (00968) 24494750E-mail: alsafaen.omWeb site: ALSAFA Environmental & Technical Services LLCHYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY, HISTORICAL DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS DATA FOR THE DESIGN OF INTAKE AND OUTFALL SYSTEM AT INDEPENDENT WATER AND POWER PLANT IN MIRBAT, SULTANATE OF OMANPROPOSAL
3、No: SAFA/100-2009 February 2010Revisions:ItemNameDateField Study and Report Prepared by:Dr. SanaK. Senathipathi Saravanan KalimuthuRashid Al Barwani 13th February, 2010Checked and Approved by:Masood Ahmed15th February, 2010Revision No.-Document Ref:SAFA/100-2009Copyright: This document has been prep
4、ared by ALSAFA Environmental & Technical Services (ALSAFA ETS) for the above titled project. ALSAFA ETS accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the client for whom it was commissioned. This document should not be relied upon or used for any other project with
5、out the prior written authority of ALSAFA ETS.TABLE OF CONTENTS1INTRODUCTION1-11.1Background1-12LOCATION AND SURROUNDING ACTIVITIES2-12.1Nearest Tide Station2-12.2Navigational Channel Details2-22.3Hydraulic Structure and Harbour Details2-22.4Sea Water Pollution2-23METHODOLOGY3-43.1Measurement of Tid
6、al Elevations3-43.2Measurement of Water Quality3-43.3Measurement of Waves and Currents3-53.4Measurement of Sediment Concentration3-54MEASUREMENT RESULTS4-74.1Tidal elevations4-74.2Water quality measurements4-14.2.1Variation of Seawater Temperature4-14.2.2Variation of Seawater Salinity4-34.2.3Variati
7、on of Sediment Concentration4-14.3Measured waves and current4-14.4Wind Speed and Direction4-64.5Stability of Coastal Sediment4-74.5.1Stability of coastal sediment4-74.6Marine Ecology4-94.6.1Overview4-94.6.2Coastal Ecosystems4-104.6.3Habitats4-134.6.4Beach Region4-134.6.5Intertidal Zone4-154.6.6Subti
8、dal Zone- Intake Station4-164.6.7Outfall station4-184.6.8Control station4-194.6.9Plankton4-204.6.10Benthic Infauna4-224.6.11Benthic Infaunal Biomass4-234.6.12Benthic Infaunal Density4-244.6.13Sediments Infaunal Relative Abundance4-254.6.14Phytoplankton4-264.6.15Primary Production (Chlorophyll- a)4-2
9、84.6.16Conservation status of the project site4-294.6.17Conclusion4-305HISTORICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA5-15.1Seawater Temperature Data (Three Hottest month)5-15.2Seawater Temperature over the Years5-25.3Tide5-35.3.1General Tidal Characteristics5-35.3.2Historical Tide Data5-45.3.3Historical waves and cu
10、rrent data5-75.4Historical Storm Surge and Tsunami5-85.4.1Storm Surge5-85.4.2Tsunami5-13 List of FigureFigure 21: IWPP Salalah Project Site2-1Figure 22: Tide gage station and distance2-2Figure 23: Sea weeds at intake area2-3Figure 31 Control panel for pressure sensor3-4Figure 32 Pressure sensor3-4Fi
11、gure 33 IDRONAUT-316 CTD Probe for water quality measurements3-5Figure 34 ADCP deployed at the project site3-6Figure 41 Measured and predicted tidal elevations for Taqa project site4-7Figure 42 Measured and predicted tidal elevations for four days4-8Figure 43: Variation of Temperature in the Water C
12、olumn (Spring Tide)4-1Figure 44: Variation of Temperature in the Water Column (Mixed Tide)4-2Figure 45: Variation of Temperature in the Water Column (Neap Tide)4-2Figure 46: Variation of Salinity in the Water Column (Spring Tide)4-3Figure 47: Variation of Salinity in the Water Column (Mixed Tide)4-4
13、Figure 48: Variation of Salinity in the Water Column (Neap Tide)4-4Figure 49 Measured wave height at Taqa project site4-1Figure 410 Measured peak wave period at Taqa project site4-2Figure 411 Peak wave period verus maximum wave height4-3Figure 412 Mean wave direction at Taqa project site4-3Figure 41
14、3 Rose diagram for maximum wave height at Taqa project site4-4Figure 414 Current magnitude at 1.6m above seabed4-5Figure 415 Current direction at 1.6m above seabed4-5Figure 416 Rose diagram for mean current at Taqa project site4-6Figure 417: Wind Rose during 18th to 24thh December 20094-7Figure 418
15、Particle Size Distribution of the Seabed Sample At Taqa Site4-8Figure 419 Sediment Stability Parameter of Coastal Sediments at Taqa Project Site4-9Figure 420: Map of Dhofar Coast4-10Figure 421: Habitat Map and Marine Survey Locations.4-12Figure 422: Vegetated dune cordon4-13Figure 423: Benthic infau
16、nal biomass (g /m-2)4-24Figure 424: Benthic infaunal density (individuals /m-2)4-24Figure 425: Biodiversity indices of the identified taxa4-25Figure 426: Relative Abundance of Phytoplankton Group4-28Figure 426: Coral distribution in Oman4-29Figure 51: Seawater Temperature Variation of Three Hottest
17、Months in 19885-1Figure 52: Seawater Temperature Variation of Three Hottest Months in 19955-1Figure 53: Variation of Seawater Temperature over the Years5-2Figure 54: Typical tidal elevation for Port Salalah5-4Figure 55: Cumulative Frequency of Tidal Elevations From 1990-2009 Data5-5Figure 56: Tide L
18、evel Variation During Tsunami5-13List of Tables Table 41: Survey Location4-11Table 42: Zooplankton composition and density of occurrence4-21Table 43: List of infaunal species at the proposed site4-23Table 44: Phytoplankton Sampling Location4-27Table 45: Phytoplankton composition and density at intak
19、e and outfall location4-27Table 46: Abundance (%) of phytoplankton group at intake and outfall location4-28Table 47: Numbers of threatened species (Sea Turtles).4-30Table 51: Seawater Temperature Data over the Years5-2Table 52: Harmonic constants for tide at Salalah5-3Table 53: Main Tidal Elevations
20、 for Port Salalah5-5Table 54: Tidal Elevations Based on Cumulative Frequency5-6Table 55: Monthly Average, Maximum and minimum Tidal Elevations5-6Table 56: Maximum wave height record for Port Salalah (All the wave heights are in meters)5-7Table 57: Maximum Wave Height versus Return Period5-8Table 58:
21、 26th December 2004 Tsunami in Salalah5-13Table 59: Summaries of Tsunamis related to Arabian Peninsula5-14 List of PlatesPlate 41: Ghost crabs Ocypode Sp4-14Plate 42: Reproductive mounts of Ocypode sp4-14Plate 43: Turtle nesting track.4-14Plate 44: Loggerhead Turtle4-14Plate 45: Plastic materials4-1
22、4Plate 46: Abandoned fishing traps.4-14Plate 47: Hermit crab4-15Plate 48: Ghost crabs4-15Plate 49: Rocky intertidal region.4-15Plate 410: Rock oyster (Saccostrea sp.) and green algae.4-15Plate 411: Sea urchin4-16Plate 412: Wrasse fish Thalassoma sp4-16Plate 413: Scarus sp4-16Plate 414: Cheilodipteru
23、s sp4-16Plate 415: Pterois sp4-17Plate 416: Moray eel4-17Plate 417: Sponges ( Porifera)4-17Plate 418: School of fishes4-17Plate 419: Sponges4-17Plate 420: Hard Coral Favia sp4-17Plate 421: Typical sandy bottom at the outfall4-18Plate 422: Red algae and green algae4-19Plate 423: School of fishes4-19P
24、late 424: Sponges4-19Plate 425: Epaulet grouper Epinephelus stoliczkae4-19Plate 426: Indo-Pacific Sergeant Abudefduf vaigiensis4-20Plate 427: Longfin Bannerfish Heniochus acuminatus4-20Plate 428: Wrasse fish Thalassoma sp.4-20Plate 429: Porcupine fish Diodon hystrix4-20Plate 430: Standard Zooplankto
25、n Net4-21Hydrographic Survey ReportvFebruary 20101 INTRODUCTION1.1 BackgroundALSAFA Environment and Technical Services LLC, Oman, was contracted by SEPCO-III, to carryout historical oceanographic data analysis and oceanographic measurement services in connection with the Independent Water and Power
26、Plant (IWPP), Taqah, Oman.In order to execute the assignment, Alsafa ETS mobilized their team to Salalah on 17th December 2009 to undertake the following oceanographic survey. Tidal measurement (30 days); Wave and current measurement (7 days); Salinity, Temperature and sediment concentration measure
27、ment in different layers (28 hrs for spring, mixed and neap tide level); Wind speed and Direction measurement (7 days); Marine ecological survey; Monitoring of floating particles; and Coastal stability analysis. Further the team has collected the following historical data from relevant public author
28、ities and the analysis was carried out using MS-Excel and MATLAB software. Tide data for 20 years; Wave and current data; Seawater temperature data; Historical storm surge and tsunami data;This document details the methods employed by ALSAFA and the results obtained for this study. Hydrographic Surv
29、ey Report4-8February 20102 LOCATION AND SURROUNDING ACTIVITIESThe IWPP project site is located in between Taqah and Mirbat, 42 km east of Salalah close to Scout Camp on the coastal shoreline cliff. The site bounded by Arabian Sea to the south, Scout camp to west, a narrow wadi (stream) to the north
30、and east. The project location is presented in Figure 21. Figure 21: IWPP Salalah Project Site 2.1 Nearest Tide StationDescriptionDataNearest tide gauge stationSALALAH Geographic locationLATTITUTE=16 56.1 N; LONGITUTE=054 00.4 EDistance53 kmsTide Data Availability1989 to 2009Nearest water Intake or
31、drainage siteThere were no intake sites or drainage near to proposed intake and outfall area53 kmsProject SiteFigure 22: Tide gage station and distance2.2 Navigational Channel DetailsThe proposed intake and outfall is not located in the Navigational Channel. The navigational channel located for away
32、 from intake point approximately 10 kms.2.3 Hydraulic Structure and Harbour DetailsThere is no hydraulic structure around the intake and outfall area. There is no other program nearby the power plant. In future, the phase II of IWPP might be established adjacent to this power plant.There is no harbo
33、r near to the power plant. Salalah port is located 53 km away from the project site. 2.4 Sea Water Pollution Alsafa ETS team has monitored the intake site from 18th December 2009 to 24th December 2009 to assess the seawater pollution. Since there is no source of seawater pollution in the area, we ha
34、ve not found floating particles during the monitoring period. However, we observed some small batches (maximum size 1m*0.5 m) of sea weeds in some occasion (especially morning time) at intake point as presented in below figure. Further, Alsafa ETS team found fishing activities at approximately 3 km
35、east of intake site. Some small floating plastic cans (capacity 2- 10L) found in that area to indicate the fishing net.Figure 23: Sea weeds at intake area3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Measurement of Tidal ElevationsThe tidal elevations were measured using a pressure sensor (Model KADEC21-MIZU) by North-One Co.
36、Japan (http:/www.north- The control panel and the pressure sensor are shown in Figure 31 and Figure 32, respectively. The data was stored at an interval of 5 minutes for a period of approximately one month. The data was downloaded and the analysis was done using MS-Excel. Figure 31 Control panel for
37、 pressure sensorFigure 32 Pressure sensor3.2 Measurement of Water QualityIn the present project CTD was used for in-situ measurements of conductivity, temperature and dissolved oxygen. CTD stands for (measurement of) Conductivity, Temperature and Depth. It measures the conductivity and temperature o
38、f the seawater column relative to depth. Conductivity and temperature information is valuable because the salinity (the concentration of salt) of the seawater can be derived from these two variables. This is because electric current passes much more easily through water with a higher salt content. S
39、o if we know the conductivity of the water, we know how much salt is in the water. Density of water is calculated from in situ measurements of conductivity, temperature and pressure.In the present case IDRONAUT CTD, Model 316 (Figure 33) used. In the beginning, the instrument is accessed through a c
40、omputer to setup the measurement mode. Here it was set to measure conductivity, temperature and DO at 0.5m interval. Since CTD has a pressure sensor, when it is lowered in water it measures the pressure, calculates the depth and at every 0.5m depth change, takes the readings. These readings are stor
41、ed in the instrument while it is lowered (down cast) in water by a rope to the maximum depth and then brought back (up cast) to the surface. The instrument is instructed to measure only when it is lowered and not when it is brought back. Later the data was uploaded from the instrument using IDRONAUT
42、-316 software and analyzed using MS-Excel.Figure 33 IDRONAUT-316 CTD Probe for water quality measurements3.3 Measurement of Waves and CurrentsIn the present project the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) from Nortek which is named as Aquadopp Profiler is used. It is designed for stationary app
43、lications and can be deployed on the bottom, on a mooring rig, on a buoy or on any other fixed structure. It is a complete instrument and includes all the parts required for a self contained deployment with data stored to an internal data logger. The Aquadopp Profiler uses three acoustic beams slant
44、ed at 25 to accurately measure the current profile in a user selectable number of cells. The internal tilt and compass sensors tell the current direction and the high-resolution pressure sensor gives the depthand the tidal elevation if the system is fixed mounted. The cell depth was set to be 1m, th
45、erefore the current is measured at every 1m of the water column. The instrument was deployed at the location specified by the client. Here water depth was approximately 10m. Figure 34 shows an underwater picture of the ADCP facing upwards.3.4 Measurement of Sediment ConcentrationSeawater samples wer
46、e collected in the vertical column of the sea at 0.5m below the sea surface, 0.5h and 0.5m above the seabed by using integrated depth sampler. The samples were analysed at onsite using hand held digital analyzer. Figure 34 ADCP deployed at the project siteThe collected data was screened offline and the values pertaining to low signal to noise ratio were removed. No other
