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1、,大学英语四级讲座阅读&写作,welcome,篇章阅读技巧,“五步阅读法”:第一步,扫描题干抓关键 第二步,快速浏览全文,把握文章主旨大意标重点 第三步,定位原文解剖句子 第四步,比较选项定答案 第五步,主旨态度最后做,第一步,扫描题干抓关键,即首先看选项,划出题干中的关键词。题干关键词包括:数字、人名地名、专有名词、引号里的词语等等。,第二步,快速浏览全文,把握文章主旨大意标重点,首先,弄清楚这篇文章的中心思想是什么;其次,用笔在试卷上面标记出考试要考的重点。如何标记文章的重点?1.转折处:通常由“but,yet,however”引导2.比较处:通常形式为“more/less-than-”3
2、.主旨句、主题句 另外还有因果句、独立成段句、长难句乃至特殊标点符号等,都是需要在第一遍阅读时,要划出的重点。,第三步,定位原文解剖句子,在读完一遍文章的基础上,再看一遍问题。带着题干中的关键词迅速回原文定位,即找出这个问题出现在原文的第几段第几行。需要注意的一点,四级出题顺序由于是高度一致,所以一定要在文章当中找到出处。,第四步,比较选项定答案,在读懂文章句子的基础上,再次回到问题上来。看一下ABCD四个选项哪一个与原文中的意思是相对应的。当然在这个比较筛选过程中,很多同学往往会排除一到两个选项,剩下的两个选项就处于犹豫阶段,自己很难取舍。,(*关注选项中细节性的单词,尤其是这四个选项中,一
3、些表示频率,程度这样的单词),第五步,主旨态度最后做,所谓主旨态度最后做就是,如果在五个问题中,第一个问题就问你,文章的中心思想、作者的写作意图或者作者对这篇文章的态度是什么,这时候这一题可以先放过去,待做完其他四个问题的时候再去做主旨题或是态度题,这样准确率就比较高一些。,干扰项,主旨大意题干扰项特点:(1)虽覆盖全文意思,但显得太笼统(2)其内容太窄,不能覆盖全文内容,只是文章内容的一部分,或只是文章内容的一个细枝未节(3)与文章内容毫不相干,或与文章内容相悖,干扰项,逻辑推理题干扰项特点:(1)不是在文章事实或上下文(句)逻辑基础上进行推理而得出了观点(2)虽然可以以文章提供的事实或内在
4、逻辑为基础进行推理,但推理过头,概括过度,阅读读不懂如何蒙答案,(1)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有:must,always,never等。(2)选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项这些语气词有:can,could,may,should等。(3)选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项,而同义替换的一般是选项(4)选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的(字面意思)一般不是答案项,而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。(5)选项中较符合常识的,易明白的一般不是选项;而似乎不太合理,一时较难理解的往往是正确选项。,四级考试写作的评分依据,文章切题,条理清楚,语言准确和字数符合要求。
5、1.所谓切题就是看你写的作文跑不跑题。(为了避免此种情况发生,还是不要过于标新立异)2.所谓条理是指每一段的议论的正反清楚,说明的几个方面清楚,描述的时间正确。3.语言准确要求作文的语法词汇使用正确,符合英语表达习惯。4.四六级作文的字数要求不少于120/150字。,作文题型,1)现象解释型 这类命题要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释,并加以评论。基本模式:第一段:描写现象,引出评价 第二段:说明现象产生的原因;第三段:结论:点明自己的观点,Example:It Pays to be Honest当前社会上出现了一些不诚实的现象。2.诚实利人利己,做人应该诚实。,As is known to al
6、l,_.People seem to get accustomed to _.In fact,_.The reason of _ lies in several aspects.Firstly,_.Secondly,_.Thirdly,_.Finally,_.As a matter of fact,_.On the one hand,_.On the other hand,_.Therefore,_.,2)对比选择型 通常首先论述相反的两个观点,或分析评论某一社会现象的优缺点。然后给出自己的见解和看法。基本模式:第一段:引言:由存在的一种社会现象,引 入要讨论的主题第二段:正文:分别阐述两种对
7、立观点第三段:结论:总结全文,点明自己的观点,Example:Different Choices after Graduation1.有些人决定毕业后读研;2.有些人决定毕业后工作;3.我的看法,In recent years,X has becoming _.As for this situation,different people hold different opinions.Some insist that_is of great benefit.First and foremost,_.Next,_.Whats more,_.While,others think otherwise
8、/differently.First of all,_.Second,_.In addition,_.As to me,I am in favor of _.Because _ as well as _.,3)说明利弊型 通常是围绕某一事物或观点进行论证,通过说明其利弊表达自己的观点。第一段:说明事物的现状,指出其具有两面性。第二段:说明事物带来的好处和可能带来的问题。第三段:阐述自己对事物的看法或怎样对待该事物。,Example:Free Admission to Museums1.越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放,目的是2.有人认为这样做会带来一些问题3.在我看来,Nowadays,X
9、has/have become/play(s)an important part/role in_.Like everything else,X has/have both advantages and disadvantages/positive and negative aspects/favorable and unfavorable aspects.Generally,the advantages can be listed as follows.Firstly,_.Secondly,_.Furthermore,_.But every coin has two sides.The di
10、sadvantages/negative aspects can not be ignored.For one thing,_.For another,_.Through above analysis,I believe that the advantages/positive aspects outweigh the disadvantages/negative aspects.Therefore,.As to me,I will _.Im confident that _.,Nowadays,more and more museums are open to the public for
11、free.Free admissions to museums will motivate peoples interests in history,arts and science.,However,some people hold that free admissions to museums can bring about many problems.On the one hand,since anybody can enter a museum for free,the museum can be overcrowded.Besides,museums will face financ
12、ial problems since they cant make profits from the admission fee.,In my opinion,free admissions to museums are good for the public,but on the other hand they may pose problems to the museum management.Governments should provide financial assistance to museums and guide them to serve the public bette
13、r.,写作对策,1.结构上要层次清晰,结构上牢记总分总:先写主题句(Topic Sentence),再写分论点,最后写总结句(Conclusion)。,2.语言上要表达流畅,无重大语病,句式有一定的变化。避免重大的语言错误。完成作文,应从单词拼写、动词时态、名词单复数、形容词或副词比较级、固定搭配、介词用法等方面进行检查。,英语四级作文中常用过渡语,1)列举First of all/Above all,secondly,moreoverIn the first place,in the second place,furthermore/whats moreTo begin(start)with
14、,secondly,in additionFor one thing,for another thing,2)表示举例说明的过渡语,For example,for instance,for one thing to illustrateLets take as an example.Take for example.is a typical example of is a typical/proper case,3)表示递进关系的过渡语,In addition,furthermore,moreover,besides,also,whats moreNot onlybut also,simila
15、rly,is another is also a factor.,4)表示对比对照的过渡语,In contrast,by contrast,in comparison,on the contrary,unlike,like,whereas,while,conversely,Different from,5)表示因果关系的过渡语,Because of,on account of,due to,owing to,thanks to,for,because,since,as,for this reasonTherefore,so,as a result,consequently,in consequ
16、ence,accordingly,hence,thusThe reasons why/for are results in result from,6)表示结论的过渡语,To sum up,to conclude,to summarizeIn sum,in summary,in conclusion,in all,in a word,in short,in briefSo,therefore,thusWe can come to the conclusion that A conclusion can be reached that,辩论式议论文模板1,Some people believe(
17、argue,recognize,think)that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me,I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all,论据1.More importantly,论据2.Most important of all,论据3.In summary,总结观点.As a college student,I am suppo
18、sed to 表决心.或:From above,we can predict that 预测.,辩论式议论文模板2,People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点1,while others point out that 观点2.As far as I am concerned,the former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing,论据1.For another,论据2.Last but not the least,论据3.To c
19、onclude,总结观点.As a college student,I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above,we can predict that 预测.,图表题型作文写作步骤,第一段:说明图表 主题句图表说明1图表说明2图表说明3第二段:说明引起变化的原因 主题句原因1原因2原因3第三段:说明影响或者提出解决办法 主题句+建议+前景预测,第一段:说明图表 开篇句:As the bar chart shows,_ during the years of _ to _.扩展句:1、As early as _.2、Then _ years later,_.3、And a
20、rriving in the year _,_.,第二段:解释图表变化原因 主题句:Several factors contribute to _.扩展句:1、_.(原因1)2、And _.(原因2)3、Furthermore,_(原因3)4、All these result in _.,第三段:提出解决办法结尾句:However,_ is faced with some problems.扩展句:1、With _,_,the effect of which is not only discouraging,but also challenging.2、So my principle is to pay due attention to _,but not just to _.,作文得分技巧总结,1、卷面整洁,书写清楚2、构思简单,少犯错误3、中心突出,层次分明4、固定经典,名言注目5、重在变化,宁简勿烂,God helps those who help themselves!,