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1、1,Figures,Cardinal numbersfractions,decimals percentages,成,倍数 and 番Rates,ratios,and totalsTrend,stability and fluctuation,2,Cardinal numbers,记录方法利用段位记录,并使用下标和上标或竖线英文3位一记,后加逗号(下标)thousand,million,billion,trillion中文4位一记,后加撇号(上标)-万,亿,兆(万亿)56,123,987 32,000,421,500 10,859,783 尤其注意“万,十万,千万,亿”的对应英文十二亿七百二十
2、一万四百七十二 五亿四千九百九十四万六千七百六十八,3,Cardinal numbers,当心包含“0”的数字 45,060,130 2,009,004360525401 80302508包括小数点又带“万,亿”或“million,billion”的数字1.23亿2.36万(译成英文)1.217 million 27.44 billion(译成中文)区分teen,ty,注意和数字8相关的连读17,216,514516,719,312,61518,280,20881,381,768,4,fractions and decimals,Fractions:ordinal numbers are us
3、ed,except for,;and plural“s”1/3 2/3 5/163/100123Decimals:numbers after decimals are spoken separately;0(oh)45.73 3.05,5,百分比 percentages,成,番and倍数,百分比 percentages23%5.2%78%The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35“成”可与百分比对等,一成即10%,60%即六成今年的粮食产量比去年增长2成3.The output of grain this year has increased by 2
4、3%over last year.番:一番即2倍,二番即4倍double,quadrupleTreble 到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番，达到40,000亿美元左右.By 2020,Chinas GDP will quadruple that of 2000 to approximately USD 4 trillion.,6,Retail sales should rise by 3%商品零售额应增加3By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20Retail
5、sales are expected to be nine percent higher than that of last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9。There is a 20%increase of steel as compared with that of last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年生产成本仅为去年的60,7,倍数,This years output of wheat is two times that of the last
6、 year.The national income of 1995 quadrupled that of 1980 in China.The gross industrial and agricultural output value of 1995 reached 4,148 billion yuan,about four times that of 1985.The population density of China is much higher than that of Canada.,8,倍数增加(一)A is n times as great（long，much，）as B.A
7、is n times greater（longer，more，）than B.A is n times the size（length，amount，）of B.翻译：A的大小（长度，数量，）是B的n倍或A比B大（长，多，）n-1倍.Eg.This book is three times as long as（three times longer than，three times the length of）that one.这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍（即长两倍）。注：当相比的对象B很明显时，than（as，of）B常被省去。,9,（二）increase to n timesincrease
8、n timesn-foldincrease by n timesincrease by a factor of n翻译：增加到n倍（或：增加n-1倍）。Eg.The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。Eg.The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986 化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。Eg.That ca
9、n increase metabolic rates by two or three times.那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍（即提高1倍或2倍）。Eg.The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.漏电压增加了3借（即增加到原来的4倍）。注：在这类句型中increase常被raise，grow，go/step up，multiply等词所替代。,10,（三）double(增加1倍），treble（增加2倍），quadruple（增加3倍）。Eg.The efficiency of the machines has be
10、en more than trebled or quadrupled 这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。,11,倍数减少（一）A is n times as small（light，slow，）as B.A is n times smaller（lighter，slower，)than B.翻译：A的大小（重量，速度，）是B的1/n 或A比B小（轻，慢，）（n-1）/n。Eg.The hydrogen atom is nearly l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16（即比氧原子约轻15/16）。Eg.This sort
11、of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半（即是普通纸厚度的1/2）。注：当相比的对象B很明显时，than/as B常被省去。,12,（二）decrease n times/n-folddecrease by n timesdecrease by a factor of n翻译：减少到1/n或：减少(n-1)/n。Eg.Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.新型晶体管的开关时间缩短到1/3（即缩短了2/3）。Eg.When t
12、he voltage is stepped up by ten times，the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times.电压升高9倍，电流强度便降低了9/10（即90）。Eg.The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.该设备误差概率降低了4/5。decrease常被reduce，shorten，goslow down等词替代。,13,（三）There is a n-fold decrease/reduction 应译为：减至1/n 或：减少（n一
13、1）/n。Eg.A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed 发现迅速减少到1/7。Eg.The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight.这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。,14,Rates,and ratios,Some abbreviations in rates and ratios2:3 2 to 350kph 50 kilometers per hour100mph100 miles per hour50 kg/sq cm50 kil
14、ogrammes per square centimeter80rpm80 rounds(revolutions)per minute120wpm120 words per minute8%pa8%per annum(per year)10kw10 kilowattes,15,Trend,表示向上的趋势 to indicate upward movement上升to rise a rise增加to increasean increase提高to climba climb暴涨to jumpa jump高得多a great deal(far,much dramatically)higher表示向下
15、趋势 to indicate downward movement下降to falla fall 下跌to dropa drop下降，下滑to declinea decline减少to decrease a decrease暴跌，跳水a sharp drop略微低于fractionally(marginally)lower稍微低于somewhat lower稍低于slightly(a little)lower远低于considerably(substantially)lower,16,Intensifiers and softeners 表示强弱程度,Very intensedramatical
16、lysharpsubstantiallyconsiderablyfarmucha littleslightlysomewhatmarginallyConsiderably softened,17,Other expressions concerning figures,Prepositions“of,by,to at”The figure rose by 3%.There was a rise of 6%.The figure of the middle school students in China will rise to 127 million.The inflation stood/
17、stayed at 4%.The sales of the companys products fell/dropped by 5%last year.Totals:expressed by“total,come to,amount to,or is”The institution of higher learning totaled/came to/was 1,075 in 1995 in China,18,Stability and fluctuation 表示波动或平衡,to level out/off达到平衡to remain stable保持平衡to fluctuate波动to stand/stay at保持在to reach a peak达到高峰,
