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1、v especial seguretat tecnologia programa de construcci del tnel 1, excavaci i personal dexcavaci de de perforaci en arribar a la feina, primer cal comprovar les cares de lestat de la seguretat, i comprovar que el suport s slida, estabilitat de la teulada i els costats, com ara roques soltes, clods d
2、e terra o esquerdes ha de ser clar. Quan oficials excavat tnel del sl, operadors han de cooperar amb els altres i mantenir la distncia de seguretat necessria. Quan la maquinria de perforaci, apte per a la perforaci humida mquines o perforaci mquina amb un Extractor de pols. Peu D sobre les operacion
3、s de munt descria, ha de prestar atenci a lestabilitat descries munts, evitant que les retallades de diapositiva. pneumtic trepant perforar, comprovar el cos, Pern, mniga curta, primavera i suport normal intacte; canonada unions sn segures, hi ha no hi ha fuites daire canonada de perforaci i trepant
4、 carrers sn rectes, amb lesions trepants de roca aigua humida s normal; aquells fracassant els requisits han de ser reparat o reemplaat. pneumtic trepant quan foradar amb un stent, Stent ha de ser segur. Pneumtica trepant perforador estirades desprendre estirat, no superant, seran no pot treure sens
5、e haver de girar-se de la canonada de vent. no ser desmuntar i reparar trepant pneumtica a la cara. H est estrictament prohibit als ulls de les persones per continuar perforaci. perforaci truc en el forat a m comanda, comprovaci de les condicions del cam i lmit de seguretat, la seva poca velocitat n
6、o podr ser superior a 25m/min. Carro, caminar o quan un lisi, mquines ha de ser prop de la ubicaci en el seu lloc no es pot inclinar i rodes, impedint el moviment de frenada. Crrec 2, voladures i perforaci no pot funcionar en parallel. Voladures equips i b estudi hauria de ser localitzat en una cova
7、 fora de la seguretat de 50m. Sense processament a lhabitaci de processament on reestructuraci i explosiva material. Construcci del tnel llarg voladures equips ha de ser processat dins la cova, entorn dhabitaci concret s coherent amb les actuals normatives de seguretat nacional (GB6722-86), les disp
8、osicions pertinents. voladura explosiva materials i processament personal no ser portar roba sinttica. Quan voladures, tot el personal ha de ser evacuades, s la distncia de seguretat: no menys de 200m en capalera; excavaci integral de forats profunds voladures (3-5M de profunditat), no menys de 500m
9、. vegades al dia de rodatge hauria clarament estipular en el forat, tir temps de crrega no ha de ser massa llarg. de crrega han de verificar abans de voladura a prop de la cara de treball de suport slid; fang en el forat, pols de pedra hauria de ser bufat prospecci net noms batut la calor s massa al
10、ta, sense cap crrec immediatament. Si hi ha prou illuminaci, trobat sorra, flux de fang no adequadament tractada, o hi pot haver un gran nombre de coves, raig daigua est prohibit.regulations. The revised regulations from the original 3 series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words reduced to 3, Cha
11、pter 11, 133, 17000 words. For example, before theWith criminal law coincidence of corruption and bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other content, not a separate provisions in the party. Special supervisors of the Commission, Ma, vice president of China University of politics and
12、law said, current disciplinary punishment regulation of December 2003 promulgated and implemented, but with the development of the situation, have been unable to fully meet the strictly new needs. The biggest problem is discipline law, of which nearly half of the content and the criminal law, the la
13、w on administrative penalties for public security, such as repeated, in fact, it is difficult to use, but also a waste of administrative costs, even in very few cases will appear to Ji generation method, pre empt. The revised implementation of the strictly, the party must manage the party, strengthe
14、ning discipline check , for the party to overweight, before the law for the party delineated discipline bottom line, from wrong grabbed, not to become Dang Jiyan Yu Guofa empty. The amendment Ordinance: to strengthen the role of the negative list, the provisions of the original Ordinance 10 categori
15、es of misconduct combing the integration and scientific revision for six categories: violation of political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline and discipline, the party constitution about discipline specific requirements, and sorting in the prov
16、isions of chapters in accordance with the similar similar and severely to the principle of National School of administration Professor Wang Yukai says, in the past, in violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack seriously In terms of responsibil
17、ity, to amend the legislation integration clear the members of the negative list, of Party members and cadres prohibited behavior of the scope of the facts were adjusted, refining the content, operation and not only told party members and cadres, what kind of behavior is not, also put forward clear
18、basis for punishment, disciplinary action is no longer available drilling. The Central Party School professor Xin Ming said that the old regulations is a prominent issue is what are the tube, but some problems did not manage well. For example, political discipline, political rules previously difficu
19、lt to grasp, there is a gray area, the amendment clarifies lists can condemnation , the discipline can not luck. Amendment: strict since the eighteen Political discipline and rules, organization and discipline, the implementation of provisions of the eight, against the four winds strictly administer
20、ing the practice results of the institutionalized, normalized. Regulations clearly increased the some disciplinary terms, such as honesty and discipline increased trading rights, using in position or positions of influence as relatives and close to profit etc.; breach of discipline of the masses in
21、the new against the interests of the masses,Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automati
22、on as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great conveni
23、ence to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special ci
24、rcumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continu
25、es to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be master
26、ed in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic ar
27、m, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolid
28、ation, understand has some usually didnt opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of
29、research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its imp
30、ortance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment,
31、but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of sense, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a bas
32、is. Difference is that the robot begand碾压混凝土施工作业指导书1 概况龙滩水电站是红水河梯级开发中的骨干工程，工程以发电为主，兼有防洪、航运等综合效益。本工程为等工程，工程规模为大()型，工程枢纽布置为：碾压混凝土重力坝（泄洪建筑物布置在河床坝段，由7个表孔和2个底孔组成）；地下引水发电系统（装机9台）；通航建筑物（采用二级垂直提升式升船机）。工程按正常蓄水位400m设计，初期按375m建设，电站装机容量分别为5400MW与4200MW。初期375m建设时，大坝按初期断面施工(水下部分按后期断面一次建成)，引水发电系统土建部分除进水口坝段外按400m设计
33、一次建成，初期安装7台水轮发电机组，预留2台机后期安装。初期建设时右岸大坝指2#21#（含21#）坝段。其中2#4#坝段为岸边挡水坝段、5#坝段为通航坝段、6#11#坝段为河床挡水坝段、12#和19#坝段为底孔坝段、13#18#坝段为溢流坝段、20#坝段为电梯井坝段、21#坝段为转弯坝段。河床挡水坝段每个坝段宽22m，坝顶宽14m；通航坝段宽88m，坝顶宽为38m；底孔坝段宽30m，溢流坝段宽20m，坝顶宽均为36m；岸边挡水坝段宽9.5m和22m不等，坝顶宽14m。坝段间设永久横缝，不设纵缝，永久横缝上游面设三道铜止水，大坝上游面342.0m高程以下设防渗涂层。大坝从顶到底碾压混凝土分为几区
34、，高程250.0m以下为三级配C18、90天龄期W6、F100，高程250.0m至高程342.0m为三级配C15、90天龄期W6、F100，高程342.0m以上为三级配C10、90天龄期W4、F50，大坝上游面及河床坝段高程233.0m以下下游面为二级配C18、90天龄期W12、F150。2 碾压混凝土施工程序及内容右岸大坝除5#坝段外均为碾压混凝土坝段，根据仓位规划，共分6个仓进行跳仓浇筑，其中2#4#坝段、6#9#坝段、10#12#坝段、13#15#坝段、16#18#坝段、19#21#坝段各为一个仓。除河床段外，基础垫层常态混凝土一般均为3m厚，水平基础垫层常态混凝土浇筑完成后，进行固结灌
35、浆，然后开始碾压混凝土浇筑，斜坡段垫层常态混凝土与碾压混凝土一起浇筑，固结灌浆穿插在其中进行。施工内容主要包括基岩（老混凝土面）清理及基岩面（老混凝土面）缺陷处理、混凝土料运输、仓面组织、卸料、平仓、碾压、切缝、质量检查、养护及层面处理等。3 碾压混凝土施工方法3.1 基岩面及老混凝土面处理这里的老混凝土面指因固结灌浆或溢流坝体段因汛期过流而长时间暴露在外的混凝土面。混凝土浇筑前进行基岩面处理，主要用高压水冲毛枪将面上的淤积物冲洗干净，表面松散块石人工撬挖清理。基岩面清理完后，在基岩面上若发现有断层、裂隙或其它地质缺陷，按设计代表提出的处理措施实施。对于老混凝土面，混凝土浇筑前必须将面上的泥浆
36、杂物清理并凿毛冲洗干净，对于混凝土表面裂缝按设计代表提出的处理措施实施，浇筑时按监理工程师批复的碾压试验成果先铺一层12cm厚强度高一等级高流态砂浆或5cm一级配混凝土，然后浇筑碾压混凝土。3.2 碾压混凝土运输右岸大坝工程（21号及其以右坝段）碾压混凝土浇筑，采用以3条高速皮带从右岸混凝土生产系统3座26m3强制式搅拌楼接料运输上坝，仓面配2台塔带机和3条真空溜槽（1条备用）转8辆20t自卸汽车布料，同时采用20t自卸汽车，从43m3自落式搅拌楼接料，沿上坝公路（环形公路）运输到缆机受料点，由2台20t缆机不摘钩直接吊运6m3混凝土罐入仓的施工方案。另外，大坝下部碾压混凝土利用临时供料线配自
37、卸汽车直接入仓或自卸汽车配CC200-24胎带机入仓，以增强碾压混凝土浇筑强度。具体为： 2#4#坝段采用自卸汽车+缆机的方式入仓； 6#坝段282.0m高程以下和9#坝段247.0m高程以下采用自卸汽车+缆机的方式入仓，6#9#坝段247.0m351.0m高程采用3号供料线+仓面汽车的方式入仓，351.0m高程以上6#9#坝段与10#12#坝段合仓，采用2号供料线+TB2+仓面汽车的方式入仓； 10#12#坝段255.0m高程以下采用2号供料线+TB2入仓及自卸汽车直接入仓，前期TB2未形成前由自卸汽车直接入仓，255.0m280.0m高程采用2号供料线+TB2入仓及自卸汽车+胎带机+仓面汽
38、车入仓，280.0m高程以上采用2号供料线+TB2入仓； 13#15#坝段255.0m高程以下采用2号供料线+TB2入仓及自卸汽车直接入仓，前期TB2未形成前由自卸汽车直接入仓，255.0m280.0m高程采用2号供料线+TB2入仓及自卸汽车+胎带机+仓面汽车入仓，280.0m高程以上采用2号供料线+TB2入仓； 16#18#坝段255.0m高程以下采用1号供料线+TB1入仓及自卸汽车直接入仓，前期TB1未形成前由自卸汽车直接入仓，255.0m280.0m高程采用1号供料线+TB1入仓及自卸汽车+胎带机+仓面汽车入仓，280.0m高程以上采用1号供料线+TB1入仓； 19#21#坝段255.0
39、m高程以下采用1号供料线+TB1入仓及自卸汽车直接入仓，前期TB1未形成前由自卸汽车直接入仓，255.0m280.0m高程采用1号供料线+TB1入仓及自卸汽车+胎带机+仓面汽车入仓，280.0m高程以上采用1号供料线+TB1入仓。3.3 仓面组织汽车（塔带机）在仓面指挥员的指挥下按规定的顺序以条带为单位卸（布）料，一个条带卸（布）料20m后，平仓机、振动碾跟进平仓、碾压。卸料时按要求卸料。仓面中间由大平仓机、大振动碾平仓、碾压，边角部位由小平仓机、小振动碾平仓碾压。碾压混凝土料出楼后必须在1.5小时内摊铺、碾压完毕。碾压混凝土浇筑层在约束区内按11.5m控制，约束区外按23m控制，层间间歇时间
40、一般为57天，最短为4天，最长为19天。每仓碾压混凝土开仓前必须有相应的仓面设计图表和仓面施工工艺图。仓面设计图表的内容包括仓面特征、浇筑参数及资源配置。仓面设计图表在混凝土开仓3天前下发到联营体各相关部门，包括拌和楼、试验室、质量部、土建队、调度室等与混凝土浇筑有关的部门和单位。在该部位混凝土浇筑完毕后，对仓面设计执行情况进行检查。3.3.1 2#4#坝段2#4#坝段为一个浇筑仓，碾压混凝土从2006年2月28日开始浇筑，此仓面最大铺筑面积为745m2，最大入仓强度为37m3/h，配备BW-202AD型振动碾1台，BW75S型手扶式振动碾1台，D31平仓机1台。采用2台自卸汽车加1台缆机的方
41、式入仓。由于此仓仓面面积较小，均采用平层浇筑法施工，仓面从上游往下游划分为若干条带，条带宽度1015m。开仓前，仓内平仓机、振动碾停放在仓面左侧，随着仓面的覆盖，平仓机、振动碾沿着仓面左侧带进入部位平仓、碾压。浇筑时，从左上角开仓，从左岸到右岸，从上游到下游，平仓与碾压方向均平行于坝轴线，缆机布料1520m长后，平仓机开始平仓，然后碾压机碾压，保持布料、平仓和碾压流水作业。3.3.2 6#9#坝段6#9#坝段351.0m高程以下为一个浇筑仓，351.0m高程以上与10#12#坝段合仓，这里仅示351.0m高程以下施工组织。碾压混凝土从2005年1月29日开始浇筑，从233.0m254.5m高程
42、和315.5m高程以上采用平层浇筑法施工，从254.5m315.5m高程采用斜层平推法施工。此仓面最大层面面积为5352m2，最大铺筑面积3912m2，最大入仓强度为391m3/h，配备BW-202AD型振动碾6台，BW75S型手扶式振动碾3台，D65平仓机3台，D31平仓机1台，仓内转料自卸汽车10台。采用平层浇筑法施工时，仓面从上游往下游划分为若干条带，条带宽度1015m。开仓前，仓内平仓机、振动碾停放在仓面左侧，随着仓面的覆盖，平仓机、振动碾沿着仓面左侧带进入部位平仓、碾压。浇筑时，从左上角开仓，从左岸到右岸，从下游到上游，平仓与碾压方向均平行于坝轴线，自卸汽车卸料23车后，平仓机开始平
43、仓，平仓1520m后碾压机碾压，保持卸料、平仓和碾压流水作业。采用斜层平推浇筑法施工时，仓面从左至右划分为若干条带，条带宽度1015m。开仓前，仓内平仓机、振动碾停放在仓面左侧，随着仓面的覆盖，平仓机、振动碾沿着仓面左侧带进入部位平仓、碾压。浇筑时，从左下角开仓，从左岸到右岸，斜层从下游到上游，卸料、平仓与碾压方向均垂直于坝轴线，上游10m范围左右采用平层浇筑法施工，且卸料、平仓与碾压方向均平行于坝轴线。自卸汽车卸料23车后，平仓机开始平仓，平仓1520m后碾压机碾压，保持卸料、平仓和碾压流水作业。3.3.3 10#12#坝段10#12#坝段351.0m高程以下为一个浇筑仓，351.0m高程以
44、上与6#9#坝段合仓。碾压混凝土从2004年11月8日开始浇筑，从204.0m219.5m高程、272.0m278.0m高程、287.0m296.0m高程和326.0m高程以上采用平层浇筑法施工，其余部位采用斜层平推法施工；前期255.0m高程以下部位可增加自卸汽车直接入仓的台数，保证在允许的层间间歇时间覆盖上层混凝土，从而采用平层浇筑法施工，为连续上升提供条件。此仓面最大层面面积为9465m2，最大铺筑面积5976m2，最大入仓强度为299m3/h，配备BW-202AD型振动碾5台，BW75S型手扶式振动碾3台，D65平仓机2台，D31平仓机2台，仓内转料自卸汽车4台。平层浇筑法及斜层平推浇
45、筑方法同6#9#坝段。3.3.4 13#15#坝段13#15#坝段为一个浇筑仓。碾压混凝土从2004年11月3日开始浇筑，从196.0m201.5m高程、267.5m279.5m高程和306.5m高程以上采用平层浇筑法施工，其余部位采用斜层平推法施工；前期255.0m高程以下部位可增加自卸汽车直接入仓的台数，保证在允许的层间间歇时间覆盖上层混凝土，从而采用平层浇筑法施工，为连续上升提供条件。此仓面最大层面面积为9751m2，最大铺筑面积5778m2，最大入仓强度为288m3/h，配备BW-202AD型振动碾5台，BW75S型手扶式振动碾3台，D65平仓机2台，D31平仓机2台，仓内转料自卸汽车
46、4台。平层浇筑法及斜层平推浇筑方法同6#9#坝段。3.3.5 16#18#坝段16#18#坝段为一个浇筑仓。碾压混凝土从2004年11月3日开始浇筑，从196.0m198.5m高程、267.5m279.5m高程和306.5m高程以上采用平层浇筑法施工，其余部位采用斜层平推法施工；前期255.0m高程以下部位可增加自卸汽车直接入仓的台数，保证在允许的层间间歇时间覆盖上层混凝土，从而采用平层浇筑法施工，为连续上升提供条件。此仓面最大层面面积为9796m2，最大铺筑面积5770m2，最大入仓强度为288m3/h，配备BW-202AD型振动碾5台，BW75S型手扶式振动碾3台，D65平仓机2台，D31
47、平仓机2台，仓内转料自卸汽车4台。平层浇筑法及斜层平推浇筑方法同6#9#坝段。3.3.6 19#21#坝段19#21#坝段为一个浇筑仓。碾压混凝土从2004年10月19日开始浇筑，从204.0m214.5m高程和326.0m高程以上采用平层浇筑法施工，其余部位采用斜层平推法施工；前期255.0m高程以下部位可增加自卸汽车直接入仓的台数，保证在允许的层间间歇时间覆盖上层混凝土，从而采用平层浇筑法施工，为连续上升提供条件。此仓面最大层面面积为9870m2，最大铺筑面积5827m2，最大入仓强度为291m3/h，配备BW-202AD型振动碾5台，BW75S型手扶式振动碾3台，D65平仓机2台，D31
48、平仓机2台，仓内转料自卸汽车4台。平层浇筑法及斜层平推浇筑方法同6#9#坝段。3.4 卸料3.4.1 汽车运料入仓按仓面组织要求在倒车引导员的引导下采用3点叠压式卸料，即汽车将料分3次卸在已摊铺好的混凝土料上，先卸料1/3，汽车向前移动1.5m左右再继续卸1/3，依次进行，以减小堆料高度，最大堆料高度控制在1m以内，减轻骨料分离现象。料堆在仓面上成梅花形布置,料堆中心间距8m，排距5m。在新铺碾压混凝土斜面上自卸汽车卸料时应采用固定点卸料。汽车在碾压混凝土面上行驶应避免急刹车、急转弯，转弯半径不小于15m,车速控制在5km/h以内；平仓机严禁在已平仓了的或碾压过了的混凝土面上急转弯。3.4.2
49、 塔带机布料布料前先在模板上画出分层线，布料厚度控制在45cm50cm左右，按仓面组织要求布料。布料方向为顺坝轴线方向或从下游往上游方向缓慢均匀移动，用鱼鳞式分布法形成坏层，以减少骨料分离。一块布料完毕后即进行另一块的布料，如此依次进行。分散的骨料用人工或推土机均匀分散到摊铺好的混凝土面上。3.5 平仓3.5.1 汽车运料入仓采用D65P-12型、D31及CATD3GLGP型平仓机平仓，每车料卸完后就开始平仓，平仓机刀片先从料堆边缘切入后推动平仓，按“少刮、浅推、快提、快下”的操作要领操作。平仓时在条带端头推出1:101:15斜坡，汽车在斜坡上一次卸料。刀片推料时宽度方向上搭接50cm，以便将从刀片边缘散落的骨料
