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1、被动句式的翻译,英语和汉语关于被动语态的区别,We are kept strong and healthy by clean air.我们被洁净的空气保持得健壮？洁净的空气使我们身体健康,“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。”As a person cannot be judged by his appearance,so can the sea not be measured with bushel.,一、译成汉语主动句,1、把原句中的主语仍译作主语 一般需翻译成“受事者+动词”。例如：,-American government is filled with procedures designed
2、to assure that interested persons may comment on policies before decisions are made.美国政府有许多工作程序，为的是保证在作出决定以前有关人士都能对政策发表评论。,Every moment of every day,energy is being transformed from one form into another.每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式变为另一种形式。-Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals.众所周知，盐对金属有
3、很强的腐蚀作用。,Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance,with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect,and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量，要产生想得到的效果所需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当停止用药后，令人不快的停药症状的出现
4、。,2、把原句中的主语译作宾语,-Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed.在举行个别交谈之前，就所有要讨论的问题已经预先拟好了备忘录。-Not only politeness but an attitude of reverence is demanded in church.在教堂里，人们不仅要有礼貌，而且应该有一种虔诚的态度,-The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to.必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。,3
5、.将原文中的某一部分转译为主语,-The compass was invented in china four thousand years ago.中国在四千年前发明了指南针。状语转译为主语,4.把施动者译成主语,-A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics.电子技术提供了一种新的时间显示方法This conclusion is hardly justified by the results.结果很难证明这个结论是正确的。,5、译成汉语无主句,“受事者+动词”译为汉语中的“动词+受事者”-A renewal notic
6、e and return envelope are enclosed for your convenience.附上新的通知及回信信封。,-A police spokesman said about 100 arrests were made and that a curfew had been imposed on the suburb.一位警察局发言人说，已经逮捕了约100人，同时已经在郊区实行了宵禁。,6、译成汉语的“是的”判断句型,-Poets are born,but orators are made.诗人是天生的，而演说家则是后天造就的。-The picture was paint
7、ed by Professor Young.这幅画是扬教授画的。,-Thomas Carlyle believes that the history of the world is but the biographies of great men,while history is actually made by the people.托马斯卡莱尔认为世界历史只不过是一部伟人列传，而实际上，历史是人民创造的。,7、增译主语：译成主语部分由“人们”、“有人”、“大家”等泛指人称代词担任的句子,An MBA degree is considered to be one of the importa
8、nt requirements for the corporate position.人们认为MBA学历是担任这一公司职位的必要条件之一。,-Now“growth”industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life.现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“发展型”的产业，因为它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏各种生命之间的关系。,8、以it为形式主语的被动句可以译成
9、用“据说”、“据报道”、“听说”等动宾式合成动词引导句,-It is said that a dying person tends to recollect his whole life,like seeing a film.据说人在弥留之际都要回顾他的一生，就像看一部影片，一切历历在目。,-It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence.据谣传，那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的。-It must be pointed out that some questions have yet to be clarified.必须指出，有些问题还
10、需要澄清。,二、译成汉语被动句,分别用“被”、“给”、“遭”、“受”、“为所”等字眼来翻译。-At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence.月底，他因自己无能而被解雇了。-He was greatly respected by everyone.他深受大家的尊敬。,Such misconduct as fraud will be looked down upon by all with sense of decency.像诈骗这种行为将会被一切有良知的人所蔑视。-In his late thirties he was almost
11、knocked down in his despondency of the unsuccessful career.近四十岁时，由于事业上的挫折，他几乎为失意所毁。,-The windowpane was broken by the child;he will certainly be scolded.窗上的玻璃叫那个孩子打破了，他肯定要挨骂的。,-The Agreement has been widely praised by other Governments,in international organizations and in financial and economic cir
12、cles.这一协议受到了其他国家的政府、国际组织以及金融界和经济界的广泛赞扬。,三、译成汉语的特殊结构,1、译成“把”、或“将”等结构即：施动者+把+受事者+动词+补语。例如：-Good year,an American,had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard,nonstick,and yet elastic.一个叫Good year的美国人一直在努力寻找一种方法，把橡胶做得硬而不粘，而且富有弹性。,-Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and
13、 was snowed under with questions.一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出了一个又一个的问题。,2、译成“由”、“让”、“给”等结构,-Most letters from his clients are read to him by the secretary.客户给他写的信，大多数是由秘书念给他听的。,-I dont think it necessary to discuss the details here-that can be done by officials of both our governments我想不必在这里讨论细节，细节可以由我们两国政府的官员去商
14、谈。,3、译成汉语的“予以”、“加以”等结构,-Problem of overstaffing should be resolved in good time.人员过剩问题应该及时加以解决。,-Wherever they occurred,inefficiency and waste were attacked and nonessential projects were brought swiftly to an end.无论在哪里，只要出现效率不高和浪费现象，都一概加以反对。同时，一些非必需的项目也迅速下马。,Exercise,1Visitors are requested to show
15、 the tickets.2.The problem is now being studied.3.The new apartment building will be completed by the end of next month.4.She was asked five questions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly.,5It is well-known that gunpowder is one of the four inventions of the ancient Chine
16、se people.6 The news was passed on by word of mouth.7He has been wedded to translation.8.She and her husband have been invited out for the banquet.9.The village is populated by about 13000 farmers.,10As oil was found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface.Cons
17、equently,a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out.If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil,a“drilling rig”is assembled.The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called“a derrick”.It is used to lift sections of pipe,which are lowered into the hol
18、e made by the drill.As the hole is being drilled,a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in.If oil is struck，a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.,key,1Visitors are requested to show the tickets.来宾要求出示入场券。2.T
19、he problem is now being studied.这个问题正在研究。3.The new apartment building will be completed by the end of next month.新的宿舍楼将在下月底建成。4.She was asked five questions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly.口试时，问了五个问题，她全都答对了。,5It is well-known that gunpowder is one of the four inventi
20、ons of the ancient Chinese people.众所周知，火药是中国古代的四大发明之一。6 The news was passed on by word of mouth.众口相传，消息不胫而走。7He has been wedded to translation.他与翻译结下不解之缘。8.She and her husband have been invited out for the banquet.她和她丈夫应邀赴宴去了。9.The village is populated by about 13000 farmers.这个村子里住着大约13000个农民。,10As
21、oil was found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface.由于石油深埋地下，靠研究地面，不能确定有没有石油。,Consequently,a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out.因此必须对地下岩层结构进行地质探测。,If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil,a“drilling ri
22、g”is assembled.如果人们认为某地区的岩层含石油，则在该处安装“钻机”。,The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called“a derrick”.It is used to lift sections of pipe,which are lowered into the hole made by the drill.钻机中最显眼的部件叫做“井架”。井架用来吊升分节油管，把油管放入由钻头打出的孔中。,As the hole is being drilled,a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent
23、the sides from falling in.当孔钻成后，放入钢管以防孔壁坍塌。,If oil is struck,a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.如钻探到石油，则在油管顶部紧固地加盖，让石油通过一系列阀门流出。,由于石油深埋地下，靠研究地面，不能确定有没有石油。因此必须对地下岩层结构进行地质探测。如果人们认为某地区的岩层含石油，则在该处安装“钻机”。钻机中最显眼的部件叫做“井架”。井架用来吊升分节油管，把油管放入由钻头打出的孔中。当孔钻成后，放入钢管以防孔壁坍塌。如钻探到石油，则在油管顶部紧固地加盖，让石油通过一系列阀门流出。,Thank you,
