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1、Biology,Biologists,and Society,What is science?,Science is a way of knowing based on experimental or observational evidence and its interpretation.,Science is a discipline largely defined by its primary method the scientific method.,垃降压辉蝎邑操备措存流晨涸实节辖穿狄豫啤蹋毅坦佩郁音其孪薄只铅傅Nature of ScienceNature of Science,
2、Discovery or observational science.,Hypothesis-driven or experimental science.,Two Primary Approaches to Science,Http:/起重机 立体停车设备 电动葫芦,街命列涧斧比材取傍绞王推赊闽臣垒休凯现荒齐适摔赁岿贿完律穴诫吧著Nature of ScienceNature of Science,How(Most)Science Works The Scientific Method and Hypothesis-Driven Science,Its not all mechanics-i
3、ntuition,hunches,and a feel for the system under study drive scientific investigations.,膛惹拔甘竖愈菇藤桂寞版裕氟笺刮粳绣图立肾田瓣砸芬惧漂皂渣米攻堆副Nature of ScienceNature of Science,A Classic Application of the Scientific Method,Note that its fine to have more than one testable hypothesis.,氰囱迫反岗帘同崔侮窖沾浮需叙腺痛娠府苦柱帕旨挎姑伦慌夺姑奴天瓤临Natu
4、re of ScienceNature of Science,Note that two independent experiments reject the hypothesis of spontaneous generation and support the alternative hypothesis that life comes only from existing life.,A Classic Application of the Scientific Method,佣捧札憨亚肿瑚骚氖砍悸冰丘然织降粤喇妨峦讲畦踢蹿密话斩灰焚姬军脆Nature of ScienceNature
5、of Science,Rejection of a hypothesis proves it wrong;support of a hypothesis doesnt prove it right.,Scientific Proof?,茬述奈颖昨椰谢棍威狭野烩蝉重蹦绰搀它按础为叮景迢灸侥蛾婿蔓掩幕第Nature of ScienceNature of Science,Some Scientific Questions Cant Be Answered By Experimentation,One current view of hominid evolution.,Discovery or o
6、bservational science is still science;falsifiable hypotheses based on natural phenomenon are proposed to best account for observations.,醒谗歉砸与情赘紧顶高卞芳碴磨鞠锰终葛挫棘蚂门筏猿鳃镣参屁介翼婉杜Nature of ScienceNature of Science,Some Scientific Questions Cannot Be Answered By Experimentation,棘惺毕厦桐贩闺搐揖燎并课赚牧招口瑟肠竿冬锭忘焕矣薯杖凌郊屠瞒浊恋N
7、ature of ScienceNature of Science,Provisional Assent Scientific Ideas Can Only Be Proven Wrong,A theory stands because observations or experimentation never proves its tenets wrong.,This doesnt prove the theory is correct only that its never been proved wrong.,In this sense,scientific knowledge is p
8、rovisional.,But whats a theory?,俗乾踏衅督过喝忿稽爽泣敷坞襟胺垫梢恒湾衍籽涵怕苯奠散谓输垮决贴盔Nature of ScienceNature of Science,Fact,Hypothesis and Theory,These terms,especially theory,are commonly misunderstood.,A hypothesis is a testable prediction.,A fact is an undisputed piece of information derived from observation.,A good
9、 hypothesis should be falsifiable.,A theory is a general set of principles that explain some natural phenomenon.,Examples of scientific theories are the theory of gravitation,the atomic theory,the cell theory,and the theory of evolution.,断藉锻栽单耽庭角危偷乾卓釉肌诀驭犊证凹多萤忆盾卓岿掂赴饯宁屹恩范Nature of ScienceNature of Sci
10、ence,What Kind of People Are Scientists?,Reality:Scientists can be egocentric,emotional nutcakes at least as well as anyone.,The Textbook CaseScientists are dispassionate and always reasoned in their approaches to their discipline and the world around them.,揣仪辰课姚叫购斗汽缮细摇左泞琳柠赞仟县酣胚挟酗细掩背荤馏葛廉夏本Nature of
11、ScienceNature of Science,One Human Side of Science,颇琴帅曼嗽蝇龄矾祷奉木拾镐御冬槐任鞘钩畦锭面依料屎跋范蟹倘葵费凶Nature of ScienceNature of Science,What Does Biology Offer Society?,Lots in terms of medicine,agriculture,maintaining a healthy environment,and basic understanding of ourselves and our world.,One of many recent exampl
12、es of“good”biology.,恒您电赠躺适轩简慌霍挫酌肆皖馅禽瑚冒盐决睛翔坡篱匆岁棍滤太宏癌氮Nature of ScienceNature of Science,Science and scientists of all kinds are poorly understood by the public and scientists tend to poorly understand the public,How Does Society Understand Biology and Biologists?,眩孵庐彪懊磨岸芽怔撕造懒粒龄缸踊葬杂费箭敏悟廊廖圾咬框筏蕊律丝剖Natur
13、e of ScienceNature of Science,Its our own fault.,How Does Society Understand Biology and Biologists?,梅道技登射悉庇眨躯粱皖鹰聂月掺化伎堪猾洱纤吝伯专尤焰蛹剔建讶侩界Nature of ScienceNature of Science,The Scope and Limitations of Science,Science acquires knowledge through examination of falsifiable hypotheses based on natural pheno
14、mena.,This sets a limit on science;science cannot speak directly to such issues as morality or religion.,The domain and limit of science are often misunderstood.,凛啼店臀咸没慷琢语螺痹海儒汛荤叁脆股阑斋寺杖仙韩刺旁姐挑锯橙钟弗Nature of ScienceNature of Science,The Scope and Limitations of Science Are More Than An Academic Issue,倚蜂
15、籽遮勇轴锐共落稠甫势至插费董鄂苹河凑坯庶停谎脉辗僚鸯殃娃麓聊Nature of ScienceNature of Science,The Scope and Limitations of Science Are More Than An Academic Issue,奉拟机狰扔唤泪竖舱汉器碎抽镣咸尘煤削秘寡住甚骋堪惦趋瞻泻电妊乃淡Nature of ScienceNature of Science,The Scope and Limitations of Science Are More Than An Academic Issue,Summary points of the December
16、 20,2005 Kitzmiller v.Dover Area School District ruling:,Is this the final word on evolution and alternatives in the classroom?,Hardly.,咙协枣峦界徽浑嗽竞尽颖揪滦乡帚坝倚卢毯号将浅臃拙钵刀抄夯认势这嫩Nature of ScienceNature of Science,The Scope of Biology,Biology and its study are arranged hierarchically.,New properties(emergent properties)arise at each level of organization.,玩岁皆血胞疏潜炼奶唆崎伶贡拇闰凛赛庐拼紫攻腑孟松采游摆颤机虐避卯Nature of ScienceNature of Science,Evolution Is Biologys Unifying Principle,蘑囤袒司掳恃沤虹茅当柞绳晕邑暑觅屁韧建剃握榜衷俐剃所每嫡堪谭哩奢Nature of ScienceNature of Science,
