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1、Noun Clauses-The subject clause,By Debby,Grammar,What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence?A tree has fallen across the road.You are a student.To find your way can be a problem.Smoking is bad for you.,“How do you do?”is a greeting.What she said is not yet known.That we shall be la
2、te is certain.It is certain that we shall be late.,主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）,定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that,whether；连接代词who,what和which；连接副词when,where,how和why。,主语从句的连接词,连词that(无词义,不作成分,不能省略);whether(是否),if不能位于句首。That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we will succeed is
3、 still a question.It is not known if he will come.,注意:已确定的事由that引导;没决定的事由whether引导.,主语从句常用it作形式主语放句首,因而我们常见到这种句式：It+be+n./adj/-ed从句（that,whether,etc.)例：Its a pity that you should have to leave.=That you should have to leave is a pity.It is great that I have a teacher like you.=That I have a teacher
4、like you is great.,2)连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever 充当成分，有具体意义,What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Which side will win is not clear.,3)连接副词when，where，how，why等。Why he did it remains a mystery.When they will start is not known yet.How he became a great scientist is
5、known to us all.,2.位置：主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句，在句末，常用下面几种句型。,1）It+be+表语+主语从句表语：（名词，形容词，过去分词）It is a fact(a shame,a pity,good news)that,It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.,It is certain that she will do well in her exam.It
6、is true that I told her everything.,It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.It is reported that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit.,2）It+不及物动词+主语从句It seemed(happened,doesnt matter,has turned out)that,It happens that they were absent.It seems that Alice is not coming to
7、 the party at all.,It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.,3)It+及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句,It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.,注意:,1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。,4).用于It is importan
8、t/natural/necessary/impossible that.句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式,should有时可以省略。5)在It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required 中,that从句的谓语也应该用“should+动词原形”的形式,should有时可以省略。,3.主语从句需注意的问题(1)主语从句中用陈述语序What she is afraid of is their taking her to Paris.(What is she afraid of Wrong
9、)(2)主语从句后谓语动词用三人称单数That they havent phoned is strange.,(3)that引导的主语从句中，that不可被省略That price will go up is certain.,4.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如：1)What you said yesterday is right.2)That she is still alive is a consolation.,What在此引导主语从句,又做said的宾语,That 只起连接作用,
10、不做成分,practice,1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided.,2.You have made a mistake is a fact.,3.That is certain that we can win.,4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,5.It is important that a student learns a foreign language.,we shall,That you have,It is,Whoever,s
11、hould learn,改错练习,Describe your mother with your partner.,Suggested structures:What my mother likes is_.What my mother doesnt like is _Whether my mother would feel happy is _Why my mother would be happy is _Why my mother feels upsad is_,1._ you dont like him is none of my business.2._ he said at the
12、meeting astonished everybody present3._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.4._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.5._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,That,What,Whether,Whether,Whoever,6._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an inte
13、rnational language.7.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.8.The Foreign Minister said,“_ is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”9.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.,It,that,It,what,特殊句式,1.I hate _ when people
14、talk with their mouths full（MET98）A.it B.that C.these D.them 2.I feel _ strange that he should be so careless.A./B.it C.that D.how 3.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.（MET92）Awhile B.that Cif Dfor,1._ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key uni
15、versities.A.What;because B.What;thatC.That;what D.That;because,2._ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where3 _ that they can pass the written exam this time.A.That is hoped B.It is hoped C.It hopes D.That hopes,5._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the li
16、ghts.A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who,6._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It,C,D,7._ in the newspaper that the price of food will go up.A.It says B.It is said C.It has said D.He is said,8.It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gr
17、ey.A.while B.that C.if D.for,B,B,9.There is no doubt _.A.that Mr.Hansen is in good health B.whether is Mr.Hansen healthy C.if Mr.Hansens health was returning D.whether Mr.Hansen in health,A,10.The Foreign Minister said,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”A.This is B.There is C.Th
18、at is D.It is,D,11.It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language.A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master,B,6.It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较,It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：It is a pity that you didnt go
19、 to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.,1.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter _ it was?（01北京春季)Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich,2.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ ou
20、r astronauts desire to do is walk in space.（04上海）A.where B.what C.that D.how,3.Fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.(00上海）,What B.That C.This D.Which,（D）,(B),(B）,1.I have always been honest and straightforward,and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.A.who is it B.who it is C.it is who D.it is whom,2.It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.what D.how,
