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1、GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDSGMW146381 ScopeThis specification covers requirements for extruded single and multilayered lines used in fuel, vapor and evaporative emissions. The vapor and evaporative emission lines covered by this specification can either be straight or convoluted. Operating tem
2、peratures for lines covered by this specification range from 40C to 90C with excursions to 115C. Other documents which describe the performance and dimensional requirements of these components and assemblies manufactured from these components are GME 60223, GM9060P, GM9080P, GM9676P, and Chart #1009
3、3203. In addition to the test requirements listed in this specification, additional fuel recirculation and/or permeation testing may be required for validation of the tubing and/or quick-connectors used in the fuel line assembly. Any additional requirements are to be defined by the GM Materials Engi
4、neer.1.1 Material DescriptionEach material shall be defined by a construction and a grade. The construction identifies the layers utilized in the wall. The grades identifies the conductivity of the line. Grade C identifies a tube that has a conductivity greater than 106 Ohms/sq . Grade N identifies
5、a tube which has less than 106 Ohms/sq . Each version shall consist of a smooth bore inner tube. All multilayer constructions shall have concentric layers. Many Grade N applications can also be supplied as corrugated or convoluted tubing and shall be identified with an alternate specification.1.1.1
6、Construction (See Appendix A1) 1.1.1.1 Type A Grade N only: This tube shall consist of a single layer of either Polyamide 12 (PA12) or Polyamide 11 (PA11).1.1.1.2 Type B This tube is a laminated construction with an inner tube of ETFE (Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer) and a cover of PA12. Gra
7、de C consists of an inner tube of conductive ETFE and an outer tube of nonconductive ETFE tube. The cover shall consist of PA12. The cover shall be 70 to 80% of the total wall thickness and the minimum thickness of the conductive ETFE layer shall be 0.05 mm.Grade N consists of a single inner tube of
8、 nonconductive ETFE. The cover shall consist of PA12. The cover shall be 70 to 80% of the total wall thickness and the minimum thickness of the conductive ETFE layer shall be 0.05 mm.1.1.1.3 Type CGrade N only This tube is a laminated construction with an inner tube of PA12, a barrier layer of PBT a
9、nd a cover of PA12. The PBT barrier layer shall have a thickness of 0.25 0.05 mm.1.1.1.4 Type D This tube is a laminated construction with an inner tube PA12, a barrier layer of PVDF and a cover of PA12. Grade C shall consist of an inner layer of conductive PA12 with a nominal thickness of 0.1 0.02m
10、m, and an intermediate layer of nonconductive PA12. The barrier layer shall be PVDF and have a nominal thickness of 0.2 0.05mm and will be located in the center of the tubing wall. The cover will be nonconductive PA12.Grade N shall consist of an inner layer of nonconductive PA12. The barrier layer s
11、hall be PVDF and have a nominal thickness of 0.2 0.05mm and will be located in the center of the tubing wall. The cover will be nonconductive PA12.1.1.1.5 Type E This type construction shall be specified on the drawing and can be identified as either Grade C or N.1.1.1.6 Type F The tube is an inner
12、tube of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and a cover of PA12. Grade C shall consist of an inner barrier layer of conductive PTFE with a minimum thickness of 0.076mm. The intermediate layer shall be nonconductive PTFE. The total barrier layer thickness for both grades shall be 0.38 0.05mm. The outer la
13、yer shall be PA12. The outer layer shall be 55 to 75% of the wall thickness.Grade N shall consist of an inner layer of PTFE. The total barrier layer thickness for both grades shall be 0.381 0.050mm. The outer layer shall be PA12. The outer layer shall be 55 to 75% of the wall thickness.1.1.1.7 Type
14、G EVOHGrade N only This tube is a laminated construction with an inner tube of PA12, a barrier layer of EVOH and a cover of PA12. The EVOH barrier layer shall have a thickness of 0.15 0.03 mm.1.1.1.8 Type H The tube is a laminated construction with an inner tube of conductive ETFE (Ethylene-Tetraflu
15、oroethylene Copolymer) an intermediate layer of adhesive and a cover of PA12.Grade C shall consist of a conductive ETFE with a thickness of 0.200 0.076mm. The intermediate layer of adhesive shall have a thickness of 0.10 0.05mm. The cover shall consist of PA12 with a thickness of 0.70 0.13mm. The co
16、ver shall be 70 to 90% of the wall thickness.Grade N shall consist of a nonconductive ETFE with a thickness of 0.200 0.076mm. The intermediate layer of adhesive shall have a thickness of 0.10 0.05mm. The cover shall consist of PA12 with a thickness of 0.70 0.13mm. The cover shall be 70 to 90% of the
17、 wall thickness.1.1.1.9 Type I This tube is a laminated construction with an inner tube of EFEP (ethylene-perfluoroethylenepropylene copolymer) and a cover of PA12.Grade C shall consist of a conductive EFEP with a thickness of 0.200 0.050mm. The cover shall consist of PA12 with a thickness of 0.80 0
18、.05mm.Grade N shall consist of a nonconductive EFEP with a thickness of (0.200 0.050) mm. The cover shall consist of PA12 with a thickness of 0.80 0.05 mm1.2 Labeling Tubing released to this specification must be labeling based on the requirements of the region which it is released. Tubing for GMNA
19、must be labeled per Appendix A5. Tubing for GME must be labeled per DIN 73 378. Labeling requirements for other regions shall be coordinated with the regional Materials Engineer.2 ReferencesNote: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified.2.1 External Standards/Spec
20、ificationsDIN 73378EN 60243-2IEC 60093IEC 60684-2ISO 178ISO 527SAE J1681SAE J2260SAE J17372.2 GM Standards/SpecificationsGME 60223GME 60255GME L0003GM9005PGM9060PGM9080PGM9676PGMW3001GMW3059GMW147009984297998612199862313 RequirementsMinimum bend diameter referenced in specific test procedures shall
21、be calculated per SAE J2260. A quick table reference has been provided in Appendix A2.Requirements Reference TableSectionTest#Samples3.1Burst 53.2High Temperature Burst 53.3Reference StressN/A3.4Cold Temperature Flexibility53.5Surface Resistivity53.6Disruptive Discharge53.7Cold Impact53.8Kink Resist
22、ance53.9Burst on Kinked Tube53.10Resistance to Stone Impact53.11Layer Adhesion 53.12Tensile53.13Elongation53.14Flexural Test53.15Zinc Chloride53.16Calcium Chloride53.17Fuel Resistance Recirculation5/Each Fuel3.18Auto-oxidized Fuel Resistance53.19Permeability 53.20Resistance to Brake Fluid53.21Resist
23、ance to Underbody Protective Wax53.22Resistance to Oil53.1 Burst Test3.1.1 Test Procedure The test apparatus consists of a suitable source of hydraulic pressure and the necessary gages and piping. The length of the tubing should be 305.0 5.0mm. Plug one end of the test specimen and mount in the appa
24、ratus with the other end unrestrained. The samples shall be assembled to ensure that the result will be a burst in the tube. The tubing is stabilized for 1 to 3 h at 23C. Pressure is applied at room temperature, 23 2C, at a rate of 7MPa/minute 1MPa/minute. Continue at this rate until the tubing burs
25、ts. If the tube separates from the fitting the result shall not be used.3.1.2 Acceptance Determination Burst pressure shall exceed requirements as defined in Table 1. Table 1: Burst PressureSizeGrade C(MPa)Grade N(MPa) 8 mm 6.5 MPa 6.5 MPa 8 to 10 mm 5 MPa 5 MPa 10 to 13 mm 4 MPa 4 MPa 13 to 16 mm 4
26、.5 MPa 4.5 MPa 16 mm 4 MPa 4 MPa3.2 High Temperature Burst Test3.2.1 Test Procedure The test apparatus consists of a suitable source of hydraulic pressure and the necessary gages and piping. The oil should be at 115 1C. The length of the tubing should be 305.0 5.0mm. Plug one end of the test specime
27、n and mount in the apparatus with the other end unrestrained. The samples shall be assembled to ensure that the result will be a burst in the tube. The tubing shall be stabilized for 1 h at 115C. Pressure is applied at 115C at a rate of 7MPa/min 1MPa/min. Continue at this rate until the tubing burst
28、. If the tube separates from the fitting the result shall not be used. *For tubing of ID 12.50 mm and larger, used for low pressure ( 6.9 kPa maximum operating pressure), and low temperature applications ( 90C maximum intermittent temperature), there is no high temperature burst requirement. 3.2.2 A
29、cceptance Determination The minimum burst pressure is identified in the table 2 below.Table 2: High Temperature Burst PressureSizeGrade C(MPa)Grade N(MPa) 13 mm 2.0 MPa 2.0 MPa 13 mm 1.2 MPa 1.2 MPa3.3 Basic Stress3.3.1 Test Procedure The reference stress, V (Hoop Strength) shall be calculated from
30、the results of 3.1 Burst Pressure by the following formula as defined by DIN 73 378:V = (pB*dm)/(2*s) in MPaV : basic stress (Hoop Strength) in MPapB : burst pressure in MPadm = d1 - s : middle diameterd1 : outer diameters : tube wall thickness3.3.2 Acceptance Determination The tubing shall have a b
31、asic stress V 25 MPa3.4 Cold Temperature Flexibility Test3.4.1 Test Procedure The sample, consisting of a 305.0 5.0mm length of tubing, is exposed in an air-circulating oven at 110 2C for 24 h. The sample is removed from the oven and within 30 minutes exposed for 4 h at -40 2C. A mandrel having a di
32、ameter equal to 12 times the nominal diameter (nominal OD) of the tubing is also exposed for 4 h at -40 2C. In order to obtain uniform temperatures the tubing and mandrel may be supported by a nonmetallic surface during the entire period of the exposure. Immediately following this exposure, the tubi
33、ng is bent 180 degrees over the mandrel, with this bending motion completed within a period of 4 to 8 s. For tubing of ID 12.50 mm and larger, the sample length shall be 610.0 5.0mm. 3.4.2 Acceptance Determination The tubing shall show no evidence of fracture. 3.5 Surface Resistivity This section is
34、 required for Grade C only. The test apparatus consists of a resistivity meter (MEG-CHECK 2100A R-meter from Associates Research Inc. or equivalent) and a set of copper pins (diameter approximately 0.1mm larger than ID of tubing).Figure 1: Schematic of Resistance Measurement Fixture3.5.1 Test Proced
35、ure:1.Measure sample length, record as Lo (mm)2.Measure inner diameter of sample. Record as d (mm).3.Insert the copper pins to full depth in ends of tube assuring a tight fit. Measure the depth of the copper pin a in mm. Attach the leads to the resistivity meter as shown in Figure 9.4.Record the res
36、istance R (ohm). 5.Calculate: Surface Resistivity (ohm/sq) = R(pd)/(Lo- 2a)3.5.2 Acceptance DeterminationThe maximum resistivity shall be 106 ohm/sq.3.6 Disruptive Discharge Voltage Grade N tubes specified for fuel applications must meet the requirements of section 3.6 based on EN 60243-2 and IEC 60
37、684-2. The test is performed with variable DC voltage according to the test-setup in Figure 2.3.6.1 Test Procedure A ball electrode ( 50 mm) and a metal bar (in the tube) are used as electrodes. The diameter of the metal bar shall not be smaller than the inner diameter of the tube minus 0.1 mm. With
38、 weakly inhomogeneous field, positive polarity is applied to the ball and the metal bar is grounded. In order to prevent sliding charges along the tubing surface, the test piece is embedded in silicone oil. Voltage is increased to +40 kV with a speed of 1 kV/s. This value shall be kept for 1 min. Th
39、en the voltage is increased with a speed of 1 kV/s until a disruptive or a creeping discharge appears or the maximum voltage of 140 kV is reached. The voltage when discharge appears is defined as discharge voltage. At discharge the type of discharge, disruptive or creeping discharge, shall be noted.
40、Figure 2: Test set up of Disruptive Discharge Test1 DC voltage (+0.140) kV2 Hose test piece3 Silicone oil4 Ground potential3.6.2 Acceptance Determination The discharge must be greater than or equal to 40 kV.3.7 Cold Impact Test Two procedures are described for cold impact testing. Only one procedure
41、 is necessary for submission. Section 3.7.1 is required for GMNA. Section 3.7.2 is required for GME. For submittal to other regions the procedure must be agreed upon by the regional GM Materials Engineer. 3.7.1 Falling weight Cold Impact3.7.1.1 Test Procedure Test Fixture must conform to Appendix A3
42、 requirements. The specific test procedures and equipment used must have GM Engineering approval. Sample length to be 305.0 5.0mm. Samples must be taken from the same lot as the initial samples subjected to 3.1 Burst Test. The tubing sample is exposed to 40C for 4 h. The impact test apparatus descri
43、bed by Appendix A3 is exposed to 40C for a minimum of 1 h at 40C. The impact must be performed at 40C. The sample is inserted into the test apparatus, and impacted by allowing the head to fall 305.0 3.0mm. The sample is allowed to return to 23 2C within 30 5 minutes, and then subjected to the burst
44、test procedure per 3.1.1.3.7.1.2 Acceptance Determination Samples must meet the requirements of section 3.1 Burst Test. Additionally, each sample burst tested after cold impact exposure must achieve at least 70% of the average burst value for the five initial samples from the same tubing lot per 3.1
45、 Burst Test.3.7.2 Charpy Cold Impact3.7.2.1 Test Procedure Must be run per DIN 73378 with reference to ISO 179. The test is executed with at -40 3C.3.7.2.2 Acceptance Determination No Breaks.3.8 Kinking Resistance Test3.8.1 Test Procedure The sample length for the test is to equal 1.9 times the bend
46、ing diameter, as defined in Appendix A2. The minimum ball diameter for the test ball is to equal 0.4 times the minimum inside diameter, as defined in Appendix A2. The test fixture to be used for the test is as described in Figure 3. A sample of minimum thickness tubing is to be selected out of a ran
47、dom sample of ten pieces of tubing. The wall thickness and ovality at point A on the test sample is measured. Wall thickness is also to be measured after completion of the test. The tube is installed in the test fixture described in Figure 3. When the tube is installed, the tube is bent in the same plane and direction as its free state curvature. The tube, installed in the fixture, is placed into an oven at 115 2C and soaked for 1 h. The tube and fixture are removed from the oven,
