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1、英语专业八级翻译,(1):CE【1996】,近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒喧几句甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。法国人的名片讲究朴素大方，印制精美，但很少有镶金边儿的，闪光多色的或带香味儿的，名片上的字体纤细
2、秀丽，本人的名字也不过分突出，整张纸片上空白很大，毫无拥挤不堪的感觉。,Key to(1):C-E【1996】,In reading recent newspapers,I have come to find that people in China have become more and more interested in discussing about name cards and invitation letters.This has triggered my reminiscences of the name cards and invitation letters of the
3、 French people that I saw when I was residing in Paris.In writing down those random reminiscences,I believe that they might provide some useful information for us to learn from.In Paris,all the wine parties and buffet receptions held on various occasions provide optimum opportunities to make friends
4、 with all varieties of people.When encountering a stranger on such an occasion,an Asian would invariably hand over his name card to the newly-met stranger with full reverence,with both of his hands,even before he starts to converse with the stranger.Such an act seems to have become an indispensable
5、ritual(formality/etiquette).By contrast,an average Frenchman seldom takes the initiative to(offers to/volunteers to)present his name card.Instead,he would simply walk away after an exchange of routine greetings or even some aimless(random/casual)chat.Only when both sides become deeply engrossed(enga
6、ged/involved)in their conversation and have the intention to make further acquaintance with each other would they offer to give their name cards.It would seem somehow bizarre if a French person offers his name card without saying anything to the stranger in the first place.The French tend to take ex
7、traordinary precaution to make their name cards simple yet elegant.Exquisitely designed and printed,their name cards are seldom golden-framed,or colorfully shiny,or tinted with fragrant smells.The letters as appear on their name cards tend to be diminutive but beautiful,not allowing the name of the
8、card-bearer to be overly prominent/salient.The entire card contains much empty space,imparting no sense of over-crowdedness.,(2)E-C【1996】,Four months before the election day,five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the
9、 remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign.It was the last Saturday in June and at ten oclock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted.Even so,the men kept the door shut and the drapes carefully drawn.The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the c
10、ountry for a critical meeting.Their aim was to devise a strategy that would guarantee Ronald Reagans resounding reelection to a second term in the White House.It should have been easy.These were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ones to the Republican party,men who unde
11、rstood presidential politics as well as any in the country.The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable,with lots of good news to work with:America was at peace,and the nations economy,a key factor in any election,was rebounding vigorously after recession.Furthermore,the campaign itself was lavishly
12、financed,with plenty of money for a topflight staff,travel,and television commercials.And,most important,their candidate was Ronald Reagan,a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills.Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John.F.Kennedy in projecting a
13、 broad vision of America-a nation of renewed military strength,individual initiative,and smaller federal government.,Key to(2):E-C【1996】1,这应该不是件难事。这都是些跟着里根多年、久经沙场的老将，他们跟共和党则有更深厚的渊源，是这个国家里最熟悉总统政治的人。竞选的背景也很有利，也很多好消息可供炒作。例如，美国上下一片和平，美国经济这一竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开始强劲反弹。此外，这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助，因此有充裕的资用于组织一流的竞选班子、支付巡回
14、演讲和电视广告的费用。而最重要的一点是，他们的候选人是罗纳德里根，他可是位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。自约翰F肯尼迪总统以来，里根是最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图的总统：一个军事力量复兴、富有个人进取心、联邦政府得以精简的国家。,Key to(2):E-C【1996】2,在离选举日还有四个月的时间，有五个人聚集在里根布什总部的一个小型会议室里，翻着看一张硕大无比的日历，日历上清晰地标识出了1984年总统竞选剩下的日子。这是六月份的最后一个星期六的上午10时，整幢办公楼的其他部分几近人去楼空。即便如此，这几个人仍将大门紧闭，小心翼翼地拉下窗帘。三个主要人物及其二个副手从美国的不同地方汇聚在一起，召开一
15、个殊为重要的会议。他们的目标是构思出一种策略，来确保里根能再次当选，在第二任期内再度入主白宫。要谋求再次当选理应轻而易举。这是一些久经沙场的退伍老兵，与里根有着千丝万缕的漫长联系，与共和党的联系甚至更为久远。这些人深谙总统政治，一如他们熟知这个国家中的所有政治事务那样。竞选的背景十分宜人，可供大做文章的好消息俯拾皆是：美国正置身于太平盛世之中；作为选举的一个关键因素，整个国家的经济在步出萧条期之后正强劲反弹。此外，竞选本身所筹得的款项更是不计其数。用于支付一流水平的竞争班子工作人员工资、进行巡回造势、以及制作播放电视广告的钱款绰绰有余。最为重要的是，他们所推介的总统候选人是罗纳尔德 里根（Ro
16、nald Reagan），一位风度翩翩，魅力无穷，又极具迷人沟通技巧的执政总统。与约翰F肯尼迪（John F.Kennedy）以来的任何一位历届总统相比，里根更成功地勾勒出了一幅广阔的关于美国未来的前景-美国将成了一个重振军事雄风、民众富于个人进取心、联邦政府更加精简高效的国家。,(3):C-E【1997】,来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德
17、国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。,Key to(3):C-E【1997】,Like students from other Asian countries and regions,most Chinese students who come to pursue further education in t
18、he United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously.Even on weekends,they would frequently spend one day,or even two days,to work overtime in their laboratories.Therefore,compared with their American counterparts,they are more academically fruitful.My supervisor(advisor/tutor)is o
19、f Asian origin who is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes,with a sharp(an irritable)temper.Nevertheless,he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into the psychology of Asian students.Hence,of all the students recrui
20、ted by his laboratory,except for one German,the rest five were all from Asia.He even put a striking notice on the door of his lab,which read,All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week,from 10 AM to 12 PM.Nothing but work during the working hours.This supervisor
21、 is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness.In the course of the 3 and half years that I stayed there,a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed on until they graduated with their Ph.D.degrees.In the summer of 1990,ignoring the remonstrati
22、ons(admonishments/dissuasions)from others,I accepted my supervisors sponsorship and embarked on the difficult journey of academic pursuit(undertaking further studies in the United States).,(4)E-C【1997】,Opera is expensive:that much is inevitable.But expensive things are not inevitably the province of
23、 the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice.We can choose to make opera,and other expensive forms of culture,accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it.The question is:why should we?Nobody denies the imperatives of food,shelter,defense,health and education.But even in a prehist
24、oric cave,mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat,drink or fight,but also to draw.The impulse towards culture,the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental.In Europe,this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music,art,litera
25、ture and theatre.These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts;they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire;they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.,Key to(4):E-C【1997】,聆听歌剧，无疑昂贵至极。但是，昂贵的事物并非必定属
26、于富人的范畴，除非我们放弃社会的选择权。我们可以选择去使歌剧以及其他某些昂贵的文化形式也能为那些不具备个人支付能力的人所享受。但问题是，我们有必要这么做吗？没人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前时代的洞穴中，人类伸出手来，早就不单纯是为了吃、喝或搏杀，而且亦进行绘画创作。人类对于文化的冲动，通过形象思维和再现手段来表现并探索世界的欲望，乃亘古有之。在欧洲，这一欲望在我们的音乐、艺术、文学和戏剧杰作中寻找到了其实现形式。这些杰作构成了我们全部努力的试金石。作为试金石，它们能衡量出人类的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。它们携带着最寓意深刻的主题，可在人类彼此间相互传递。,
27、(5)C-E【1998】,1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民
28、也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索,Key to(5):C-E【1998】,The current visit to Taiwan for exchange,brief and cursory as it is,has enabled us to see many places,to visit old friends while making new acquaintances.Whenever people gathe
29、r together,an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century.Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts(environments/milieus),with their individually different experiences of life,in
30、the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture.They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation(They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation).In this great epoch at the turn of the century,our motherlan
31、d is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness.People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland.The precious opportunities and the tremendous challeng
32、es at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground(forefront)of the historical arena(stage).At this transitional phase between the two millennia,in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to
33、seek an answer.,(6)E-C【1998】,To speak of American literature,then,is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe.Broadly speaking,America and Europe have kept step.At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture,the same styles in dress,the same bo
34、oks on the shelves.Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise,though sometimes more slowly.When I refer to American habit,thoughts,etc.,I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word,for frequently the difference between America and Europe(especially England)will be on
35、e of degree,sometimes only of a small degree.The amount of divergence is a subtle affair,liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America.He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own,which in several ways still resembles his own and which is yet a foreign country
36、.There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities;kinship yields to a sudden alienation,as when we hail a person across the street,only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.,Key to(6):E-C【1998】,那么，要谈论美国文学，倒并非意欲断言，它与欧洲文学全然大相径庭。广而言之，美国与欧洲一直同步发展，协调一致。在任
37、何一个特定的时刻，旅行者在两地均能目睹同一样式的建筑实例，相同款式的服饰，书架上相同的书籍。在大西洋两岸，思想如同人员与货物往来一样自由交流，尽管有时会略显迟缓。当我提及美国式的习惯、思想等概念时，我意欲在“美国式的”这一词汇之前加上某种限定，因为欧美（尤其是英美）之间的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已，并且有时候仅仅只是微乎其微的一点程度差异而已。差异的多寡是件极为微妙的事务，这极容易使一个英国人在审视美国时大惑不解。他所审视的那个国家，从某些重要的意义上来说，诞生于他自己的国家，并在某些方面仍与他自己的国家相差无几然而，它却实实在在是一个异邦。两者间存在着某些古怪的交替重迭，以及令人甚感突兀的
38、陌生感；亲缘关系已让位于一种突如其来的异化与疏远，这种情景仿佛就像我们隔着马路向另一个人打招呼，结果却从这个人漠无表情的反应中发现，我们原来竟将一个陌生人误认为我们的熟人。,(7)C-E【1999】,加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达到8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人
39、稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。,Key to(7):C-E【1999】1,The glory of Vancouver has been achieved through the wisdom and the industr
40、y of the Vancouver people,including the contributions of many ethnic groups.Canada,sparsely populated,has a territory larger than that of China,but its population is only less than 30 million.Consequently,to attracting immigrants from other countries has become a national policy long practiced/follo
41、wed/cherished by Canada.All Canadians except the American Indians,so to speak,are foreign immigrants,differing only in the length of time they have settled in Canada.Vancouver,in particular,is one of the few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world.Among the 1.8 million Vancouver residents,h
42、alf of them are non-natives and one out of every four residents is from Asia.The 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in the transformation of Vancouvers economy.Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver over the past five years only,rendering Vancouver the largest area outside Asia
43、 where the Chinese inhabit.,Key to(7):C-E【1999】2,In 1986,Vancouver,Canada,just marked its centennial anniversary,but the achievements made by the city in its urban development have already captured worldwide attention.To build up a city and model its economy on the basis of a harbor is the usual pra
44、ctice that port cities resort to for their existence and development.After a centurys construction and development,Vancouver,which boasts of a naturally-formed ice-free harbor,has become an internationally celebrated port city,operating regular ocean liners with Asia,Oceania,Europe and Latin America
45、.Its annual cargo-handling capacity reaches 80 million tons,with one third of the citys employed population engaged in trade and transportation business.The glorious achievements of Vancouver is the crystallization(fruition)of the wisdom(intelligence)and the industry of the Vancouver people as a who
46、le,including the contributions made by a diversity of ethnic minorities.Canada is a large country with a small population.Although its territory is bigger than that of China,it only has a population of less than 30 million people.Consequently,to attract and to accept foreign immigrants have become a
47、 national policy long observed by Canada.It can be safely asserted that,except for Indians,all Canadian citizens are foreign immigrants,differing only in the length of time they have settled in Canada.Vancouver,in particular,is one of the few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world.At prese
48、nt,among the 1.8 million Vancouver residents,half of them are not native-born and one out of every four residents is from Asia.The 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in facilitating the transformation of the Vancouver economy.Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver only over the
49、 past five years,making Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where the Chinese concentrate.,(8)E-C【1999】,In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons:to extend the family line or the family name,to propitiate the ancestors;to enable the proper functioning of re
50、ligious rituals involving the family.Such reasons may seem thin in the modern,secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.In addition,one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category,namely,having children in order to maintain or improve a ma
