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1、简单句的基本句型,英语句子的种类(按结构）,简单句(simple sentence),并列句(compound sentence),复合句(complex sentence),主语,谓语,宾语,表语,Vt（及物动词）,系动词,Vi（不及物动词）,英语句子基本成分示意图,简单句（Simple Sentences）就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了,2.A crane eats fish.3.A Swan has a long thin neck.4.A swallow has a f
2、orked tail.,1.A golden eagle is flying.,Subject(主语),S 动作发出者,Verb（谓语）,V 动作本身,Direct Object（宾语）,DO 动作承受者,1.S+V 主语+谓语 主谓结构,2.S+V+O 主语+谓语+宾语,Vi 不及物动词,后面没有宾语,Vt 及物动词,后面必须有宾语,SV和SVO的注意点,1.They are running.2.Jim can draw.3.The baby pandas drink milk.4.We will read English.,run draw vi.(不及物 动词）,drink read v
3、t.（及物动词）,注意:1.谓语(V)具有各种不同时态;进行时；情态动词；现在时；以及将来时2.在句中先找主语 subject 再找谓语部分如是不及物动词，其后不能直接加宾语如是及物动词，其后必须有宾语。其后有没有宾语是S+V和S+V+O判断标志 3.如果对宾语提问使用疑问词what.,1.S+V,1.S+V+O,What do the baby pandas drink?,What will we read?,动词+to do:learn/prepare/would like/need/have/try/want/hope/plan/agree/choose/decide这就是我们常见的 动
4、词+to do 句型动词+doing sth:mind/finish/practise这就是我们常见的 动词+doing 句型动词+宾语从句:think/believe/be sure/be afraid/say/know/find,The government wants to protect the endangered birds.,S,V,O,I will finish doing homework soon.,S,V,O,I think that you can do the job.,S,V,O,I like the golden eagle.,It has a hooked be
5、ak.,It looks strong.,It is lovely.,linking verbs(系动词),V,1.S+V(lv)+P 主语+谓语(系动词)+表语,系动词,表语,表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态),be(am is are was were)/seem/keep/是/好象(似乎)是/保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound/看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become/turn/get/grow/变得,常见的连系动词 1.表示感觉的动词5个-翻译为 起来feel感到 excited;smell good;taste delicious;so
6、und interesting;look happy2.表示变化的动词：有固定的搭配get smaller;grow older;become stronger;turn yellow;go bad;come true3.表示状态保持的动词：stay healthy;keep warm;remain保持be(am,is.are,was,were)是；seem似乎,必须是这三类专门的词，而且必须表达这个特殊的含义时才是系动词。,1 The man is in the park.2 He looks kind.3 He is a kind man.4 The singing of birds so
7、unds beautiful.5 The world will become better.,lv,lv,lv,lv,lv,P（介词短语）,P（adj）,P(adj),P（n名词短语）,P(adj形容词比较级),表语 P成分可以是形容词，名词，介词短语(形名介),She often laughs.2.She is laughing now.3.She will laugh soon.4.She is singing happily.She is singing a song.She is a singer.She is happy.,(S+V+O),(S+V),(S+V),(S+V),(S+V
8、),区分进行时态和SVP中lv是Be动词的情况,注意:1 现在进行时的谓语与主系表结构有区别:关键要看be动词后接的是实义动词ing形式还是表语(形名介).,(S+V+P),Happily adv修饰动词sing vi,A song 是名词做宾语 sing vt,a singer 名词表语 happy 形容词表语,一般现在时,现在进行时,一般将来时,谓语(V)具有各种不同时态,We call the man David.,a zookeeper,OC(宾补),Object Complement,OC,I make him angry.,He tells us to protect the bi
9、rds,David,S+V+DO+OC 主+谓+宾+宾补,We call,the man,David,1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词,S+V+DO+OC 主+谓+宾+宾补句型,the man,is,David,此处为 名词宾补,可接名词宾补的动词有call/elect/name/find,I make,him,angry,1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词,主+谓+宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,He,is,此处为 形容词宾补,可接 形容词宾补的动词有k
10、eep/make/find,We often find,him,in the zoo,1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词,主+谓+宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,He,is,此处为 介短宾补,可接 介短宾补的动词有keep/see/notice/find,He tells,us,to protect the birds,1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况就是我们常见的 动词+sb+to do 词组,主+谓+宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,此处为 带to的动词不定式做宾补,He tells us to
11、 protect the birds.,常见的可接带to不定式宾补的动词有：tell,ask,want,would like,wish,teach,invite V+O+OC(V sb to do sth),My deskmate often makes me laugh.,常见的可接不带to不定式当宾补的动词有：一感二听三让五看”feel,/hear,listen to,/let,make,have,/look at,see,watch,notice,observeV+O+OC(V sb do sth),He keeps me waiting.,常见的可接动词-ing形式作宾补的动词有：Ke
12、ep 和 see,hear,feel,watch,findV+O+OC(V sb doing sth),I often hear David _ when I stay at home,but yesterday I was very angry because I heard him _ in his room at midnight.A sing;sang B singing;singing C sing;singing D sing;sing,C,感官类动词用动词原形和动词-ing形式做宾补 含义不同,He spoke loudly to make himself heard.,常见的可
13、接动词-ed形式作宾补的动词有：Have,make,get,see,hear,feel,watch,findV+O+OC(V sb done),Can you hear someone playing basketball next door?,He came home at midnight and found his money stolen.,V sb done,V sb doing sth,1 I find you clever.2 We will make our country stronger and stronger.3 They can keep the zoo clean.
14、4 Parents wish their children to study hard.5 We often make the teachers help us.,DO,DO,DO,DO,DO,OC(adj),OC 形容词 比较级,OC adj,OC to do 不定式,OC 动词原形,常考的主谓宾补句型：,一个非常特殊的句型I found it interesing to learn English.,动词（make/feel/find/consider/think)+it+宾补+真正宾语,I felt it useful to learn English.,we shouldnt give
15、 any food.,the birds,S,V,DO（直接宾语)Direct object,IO(间接宾语),Indirect Object,He tells me some rules.,S+V+IO+DO 主+谓+间宾+直宾句型,I pass,He bought,him,a book,his son,a present.,to,for,双宾语结构中有两个宾语，判断标准是可否将两个宾语顺序替换并加介词to/for,S+V+IO+DO 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语,加to:bring/give/offer/pass/show/sell/tell/send/lend/return/hand加
16、for:buy/choose/draw/make/order/paint/sing/save,3 Many boys are running.,1 I feel excited.,4 He gave Tom a present.,5 I find it interesting.,6 Music sounds beautiful.,7 I am a student.,8 She bought a pen for me.,9 I saw her dance.,2 They are watching TV.,主语+谓语(系动词)+表语,主语+谓语（及）+宾语,主语+谓语（不及物）,主+谓+间宾+直宾
17、句型,主+谓+宾+宾补,主语+谓语(系动词)+表语,主语+谓语(系动词)+表语,主+谓+间宾+直宾句型,主+谓+宾+宾补,10.I call him LiMing.,主+谓+宾+宾补,11.She spoke very softly.12.He bought a T-shirt.13.Jay named his dog Bobby.14.She looks lovely.,主语+谓语（不及物）,主语+谓语（及）+宾语,主+谓+宾+宾补,主语+谓语(系动词)+表语,常考的主谓宾补句型：请找出宾补1 We name our city Yangzhou.2 The students make Dan
18、iel monitor.3 Everyone should make the classroom clean.4 Millie found the movie very interesting.5 I left the book at home.6 They finally found the pen under the book.,7 My teacher let the boy stand an hour.8 I heard him sing a song last night.9 I watch our team playing football.10 I heard him singi
19、ng at 12 last night.11 My mother keeps me waiting an hour.12 We saw Kitty dancing at that moment.13 I would like/want you to do a bird count.14 Mr.Tang teaches me how to read a book.,练习:下列句子分别属于哪一基本句型A.主语+系动词+表语B.主语+谓语C.主语+谓语+宾语D.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语E.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,()1.The flower smells sweet.()2.I visi
20、ted my teacher last Sunday.()3.They are dancing.()4.Mrs.Black helped his son brush his teeth.()5.Jenny bought a watch for him.,()6.His mother sent him a new watch.()7.I often hear her sing in the next room.()8.The girl opened the door.()9.Mary and Lynn live in Taiyuan.()10.She looks like her mother.
21、,()11.You should study hard.()12.The children play football on the playground every afternoon.,()13.The weather is getting warmer and warmer.()14.We painted the wall white.()15.He asked me to go swimming with him.,()16.On Sunday many people have a walk in the park.()17.Miss zhang has taught us maths
22、 for two years.()18.Tom and John are the best students in our class.()19.He did everything to help the poor.()20.She asked me my telephone number.,Has taught maths to us,易考的混淆点 一 The food tastes _(delicious).S+V(lv)+P I will taste the food _(good).S+V(Vt)+OHis father looked _(angry)S+V(lv)+PHis fath
23、er looked _(angry)at him.S+V(Vi+介词)+O,delicious,well,angry,angrily,1 三类专门词，而且表达这种特殊含义才是系动词。有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性,易考的混淆点 一 1 He looks _ because his son is looking _ at the bird.A happy,happily B happily,happilyC happily,happy D happily,happy_,he can stay in Hongkong for two days.However,after he heard go
24、od news,he stayed very _.A Luckily;calm B Lucky;calmC Lucky;calmly D Luckily;calmly,A,1 三类专门词，而表达特殊的含义才是系动词。有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性,A,易考的混淆点 二1 The food tastes _A good B well 2 We should stay _ during the earthquake.A calm B calmly 3 The young boy becomes _A more and more surprised adjB more and more surp
25、risedly advC more and more surprise n,good,calm,A,2 只有形容词名词介词短语才能去做系动词后面的表语，要根据含义上确定动词是不是系动词。,She laughed.2.He bought a T-shirt.3.We must keep the classroom lean.4.She looks lovely.5.He gave Mary a present.,(S+V.),(S+V+DO.),(S+V+DO+OC.),(S+V+P.),(S+V+IO+DO.),IV.Give the right sentence structures.,6.
26、The teacher is marking the tests.7.They thought John the best actor.8.I find the article interesting.,(S+V+DO.)(S+V+DO+OC.)(S+V+DO+OC.),(S+V+DO.)(S+V+DO+OC.)(S+V+P.)(S+V+DO+OC.),9.Many teenagers have an unhealthy diet.10.An unhealthy diet makes your body weak.11.They are unhappy.12.They find their homework difficult.,13.They are tired.14.Some of them cry.15.Teenagers have many hobbies.16.Many teenagers write me letters.,(S+V+P.)(S+V.)(S+V+DO.)(S+V+IO+DO.),
