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1、,Vineyard Site Selection and Layout,Dean VolenbergUW-Extension Door County,Vineyard Site Selection Climate&Geographic Location,French American hybrid wine grape plants are a phenologically distinct crop with the most important developmental stages being dbourement(budburst),floraison(flowering),full
2、 bloom,veraison(color change and maturation),and harvest(grape maturity).The time between these phenological stages varies greatly with grape cultivar,climate,and geographic location.Understanding the phenology of a given plant system is important in determining the ability of a region to produce a
3、crop within the confine of its climatic regime.,Vineyard Site Selection Climate&Geographic Location,French American hybrid wine grape plants are a phenologically distinct crop with the most important developmental stages being dbourement(budburst),floraison(flowering),full bloom,veraison(color chang
4、e and maturation),and harvest(grape maturity).The time between these phenological stages varies greatly with grape cultivar,climate,and geographic location.Understanding the phenology of a given plant system is important in determining the ability of a region to produce a crop within the confine of
5、its climatic regime.,Vineyard Site Selection Climate&Geographic Location,ConsiderationsWinter low temperaturesSpring frostsFrost free daysGDD base 50,Frost damaged bud of Marquette.29 F on May 8 and 9,2010.,Undamaged bud of Marquette.29 F on May 8 and 9,2010.,Vineyard Site Selection Macro Scale,Vine
6、yard Site Selection Frost Free Days,Growing Season Summary Derived from 1971-2000 AveragesSturgeon Bay Experimental Farm,Vineyard Site Selection Frost Free Days,Growing Season Summary Derived from 1971-2000 AveragesSturgeon Bay Experimental Farm,150 Frost Free Days,Vineyard Site Selection Frost Free
7、 Days,Growing Season Summary Derived from 1971-2000 AveragesUW-Marinette,148 Frost Free Days,Vineyard Site Selection Growing Degree Days,*Modified Growing Degree Days:Base 50 Ceiling 86.,Growing Season Summary Derived from 1971-2000 AveragesSturgeon Bay Experimental Farm,Vineyard Site Selection Grow
8、ing Degree Days,*Modified Growing Degree Days:Base 50 Ceiling 86.,Growing Season Summary Derived from 1971-2000 AveragesUW Marinette,*Modified Growing Degree Days:Base 50 Ceiling 86.,Vineyard Site Selection Growing Degree Days,Vineyard Site Selection Length of Growing Season,Length of Growing Season
9、(Days)Derived from 1971-2000 AveragesPeninsular Agricultural Research Station,Vineyard Site Selection Temperature,Red line is normal monthly high temperatureBlack line is normal average monthly temperature Blue line is normal monthly low temperature,Vineyard Site Selection Temperature and Fruit Chem
10、istry,Daytime Optimum68-77 FNightime Optimum59-68 F,Vineyard Site Selection Cold Thresholds,Vineyard Site Selection Cold Thresholds,Couderay-55 F 4 February 1996,Vineyard Site Selection Cold Thresholds,Couderay-55 F 4 February 1996,Vineyard Site Selection Cold Thresholds,Vineyard Site Selection Topo
11、graphy effects on air temperatures,Vineyard Site Selection Topography effects on air temperatures,IPM&Vineyard Site Selection,Map your site and surroundings,N,S,E,W,IPM&Vineyard Site Selection,Map your site and surroundingsLay out rows,N,S,E,W,IPM&Vineyard Site Selection,Map your site and surroundin
12、gsLay out rowsIdentify potential problem pest areas,N,S,E,W,Potential Pest Source,Morning Shade,Morning Shade,Potential Pest Source,IPM&Vineyard Site Selection,Map your site and surroundingsLay out rowsIdentify potential problem pest areas,N,S,E,W,Potential Pest Source,Morning Shade,Morning Shade,Po
13、tential Pest Source,Grape Berry Moth,Grape Berry Moth,IPM&Vineyard Site Selection,Map your site and surroundingsLay out rowsIdentify potential problem pest areasIdentify pests that may persist in problem pest areas,N,S,E,W,Potential Pest Source,Morning Shade,Morning Shade,Potential Pest Source,Grape
14、 Berry Moth,Grape Berry Moth,Powdery&Downy Mildew,Powdery&Downy Mildew,Infestation of grape clusters by grape berry moth at borders and interiors of commercial vineyards with various habitat borders.,1Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different(Tukey=0.05),Boter
15、o-Garcs,N.and R.Isaacs.2004.Environmental Entomology 33:310-319.,Infestation of grape clusters by grape berry moth at borders and interiors of commercial vineyards with various habitat borders.,1Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different(Tukey=0.05),Botero-Garc
16、s,N.and R.Isaacs.2004.Environmental Entomology 33:310-319.,IPM&Vineyard Site Selection,Lay out vineyard based on potential pest threatsMatch grape varieties to potential pest problems as dictated by vineyard Also consider market for grape varieties,N,S,E,W,Foch,Frontenac,or Marquette,Leon Millot,Sey
17、val,or Vignoles,Foch,Frontenac,or Marquette,IPM&Vineyard Site Selection,N,S,E,W,Foch,Frontenac,or Marquette,Leon Millot,Seyval,or Vignoles,Foch,Frontenac,or Marquette,Year 1Block planted Vignoles,Year 2Block planted Marquette,IPM&Vineyard Site Selection,N,S,E,W,Foch,Frontenac,or Marquette,Leon Millo
18、t,Seyval,or Vignoles,Foch,Frontenac,or Marquette,Year 1Block planted Vignoles,Year 2Block planted Marquette,$,IPM&Vineyard Site Selection,St.Pepin for Ice Wine in the remaining blockIs St.Pepin a good fit for this location and its associated pollinator Lacrosse?,IPM&Vineyard Site Selection,N,S,E,W,S
19、t.Pepin&LaCrosse,Leon Millot,Seyval,or Vignoles,Foch,Frontenac,or Marquette,Year 1Block planted Vignoles,Year 2Block planted Marquette,Year 3Block planted St.Pepin&LaCrosse,+Moderately susceptible+Highly susceptible,IPM&Vineyard Site Selection,N,S,E,W,St.Pepin&LaCrosse,Leon Millot,Seyval,or Vignoles
20、,Foch,Frontenac,or Marquette,Year 1Block planted Vignoles,Year 2Block planted Marquette,Year 3Block planted St.Pepin&LaCrosse,+Moderately susceptible+Highly susceptible,IPM&Vineyard Site Selection,Row Orientation North/SouthAspect-East results in rapid dryingSoil-low to moderate fertility-O.M.5%,IPM
21、&Vineyard Site Selection,Look UpBirdsTreesLook AroundKnow your neighborKnow their crops,IPM&Vineyard Site Selection,Phenoxy herbicide injury2,4-DDicambaClopyralidTriclopyr,Other Herbicide Off-Target Sources,Homeowners lawnsGolf coursesHighway Right-of-wayInvasive plant management,IPM&Vineyard Site S
22、election,Vine SpacingVigor of vineVine Spacing ImpactsAir circulationPesticide coverage,IPM&Vineyard Site SelectionWeed management,Before establishment(2 year process)Plan,prepare,polish-off weeds,plantAfter establishmentWeed management in rowIncreases air flowRemoves sites for potential pestsPreser
23、ves water and nutrients,What is the most important year to manage weeds in the vineyard?,Establishment(year 1)Year 2Year 3First crop(Year 4),What is the most important year to manage weeds in the vineyard?,Establishment(year 1)Year 2Year 3First crop(Year 4),New Grape Growers/Expanding,IPM-when does
24、it begin?Before grapes are orderedIntentions for grapesSell grapes to market/wineries-Backward marketingWhat do wineries/consumers wantUse grapes at your wineryWhat do consumers wantWhat management practices to employ,Vineyard Layout,Grape Variety SelectionCold hardinessDictates potential pest probl
25、emsAssessment of disease susceptibility Assessment of insect susceptibilityMay impact pest management options,Vineyard Site Selection and Layout,Dean VolenbergUW-Extension Door County,For More Information on Wisconsin Climate.State Climatology Officehttp:/www.aos.wisc.edu/sco/seasons/winter.html#TemperatureMidwest Regional Climate Center,For More Information on Vineyard Site Selection and Layout.Wolf,T.K.(editor).2008.Wine Grape Production Guide.Natural Resource,Agriculture,and Engineering Service.Cooperative Extension.NRAES-145.Ithaca,N.Y.336 p.,
