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1、1、名词的单、复数;2、可数与不可数名词的转换；3、名词作定语；4、名词的搭配;5、动词变名词或形容词变名词,高考考点分析,名词的单复数,可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词复数的规则变化有以下情况：1一般情况，直接加-s：e.g.port-ports，technique-techniques，hen-hens,hat-hats 2以s,x,ch,sh结尾发s、t、d音的词，加es：e.g.busbuses,boxboxes,bushbushes,branchbranches,注：stomachstomachs（stomach词尾发/k/，故复数直接加-s）3辅音字母+y，变y为i，加-es
2、：e.g.universityuniversities,city-cities,story-stories 元音字母+y，直接加-s：e.g.boyboys,day-days 特例：Henry（亨利）-Henrys,Mary-Marys,stand-by（备用的人或物）-stand-bys,penny（便士）-pennies/pence 4以o结尾 加-es：e.g.NegroNegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes,volcano-volcanoes,mosquito（蚊子）-mosquitoes,echo（回音）-echoes 加-s
3、：e.g.zoozoos,kangaroo-kangaroos,studio-studios,radioradios,pianopianos,photophotos,bamboo-bamboos,hippo（河马）-hippos,tobacco（烟叶）-tobaccos,kilo（千克）-kilos,auto（汽车）-autos 特例：motto（座右铭，箴言）-mottos/mottoes，zero-zeros/zeroes 5以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es：e.g.leafleaves,wifewives,thief-thieves,half-halves 特例：beliefb
4、eliefs,roofroofs,proofproofs,safesafes（保险柜），cliff（悬崖）-cliffs chiefchiefs，gulfgulfs（海湾）,serf（农奴）-serfs,staff（工作人员）-staffs,cafe（咖啡馆）-cafes,grief（悲痛的事）-griefs handkerchief（手帕）-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves,scarf（围巾）-scarfs/scarves，,问题1：-How many does a cow have?-Four.AstomachesBstomach CstomachsDstomach
5、ies,以 s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词变复数时加 es；但如果以 ch 结尾的名词发音为 k时，只加 s。另外，以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，需将 y 变成 i，再加-es；以元音字母+y 结尾的则直接加-s。以辅音字母加 y 结尾的专有名词变复数时，也直接加-s。,问题3：When the farmer returned home he found three _ missing.Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies,当sheep;deer;fish表示数量时，单复数同形；如果表示不同种类，则需加 s 或 es。单复数同形的名词有：deer，sheep
6、，fish，Chinese，Japanese,Swiss works,means,head,问题4：Some _ visited our school last Wednesday.AGermanBGermen CGermansDGermens,国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：1、单复数同形：Chinese;Japanese;Swiss2、需要变形：English-Englishman3、加 s 或-es：German Germans详见下表。,问题6：Mr Smith has two _,both of whom are teachers in a school.Abrothers-in-la
7、wBbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-lawsDbrothers-in law,以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：managers-in-chief;fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 s。如：grown-ups。,二、抽象名词的具体化 表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用。例如：,名词作定语,问题1 The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it.(01北京春季)A.bicycles shop B.bicycle shop
8、 C.bicycles shop D.bicycles shop,名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1)用复数作定语。如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2)有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。如：goods train(货车)arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷,问题3：There are only twelve _ in the hospital.A
9、woman doctors Bwomen doctors Cwomen doctor Dwoman doctor,man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：a man worker men workers a woman teacher women teachers a gentleman official gentlemen officials,四、名词的固定搭配 主要考查名词的一些固定结构在具体语境中的选择和运用。做此类题目的时候,一要看懂句子的意思,二要牢记短语的含义以及在不同语境中的用法。常考的名词固定搭配：have/gain acces
10、s to 可以获得take.into account 考虑gain/have an advantage over 胜过,优于,pave the way for 为铺平道路make fun of 取笑,嘲弄take advantage of 利用,趁之机make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理put in order 整理,检修play a part/role in 在 起作用catch sight of 发现,突然看见on condition that 在条件下,考点五：词类转换,.词类转换【考点】词类转换多以派生词变化为主。,1.由动词派生的名词,1.All peace-lovi
11、ng people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction（destroy)of nuclear weapons.一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。2.Chinas successful explosion(explode)of its first atom bomb caused tremendous repercussion throughout the world.中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。,2.动词转变成名词,applyapplicant/application
12、admission advertiseadvertisementagreeagreement accomplishaccomplishmentachieveachievementapologizeapologyappearappearanceapplyapplicant/applicationapologizeapologyappearappearance,2.形容词转变成名词,kind kindness fair fairnes different differencecuriositycuriousbenefitbeneficialfluencyfluent bravebravery im
13、possible/possible（反）impossibly/possibility（反）,语法填空句子专项练习:1Father went to his doctor for_(advise)about his heart trouble 2.There are ten_(woman)teachers and two hundred _(girl)students in the school 3.Facing cut-throat _(compete)in all subjects,students must devote as much of their time as possible.4
14、.I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the _(exist)of the word“failure”.5.Youll want to know your body language is saying and how to interpret other _(people).6.Not long ago he sent _(word)that he would return with his family.7.She was in London and spent her _(young)in China.8.The _(
15、erupt)of Mount Kilauea,one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii,is always taking people by surprise.9.His _(curious)made him wonder about clouds.10.Except for some short songs and poems included in his plays,all of _(Shakespeare)greatest poems are sonnet.,advice,women,girl,competition,existence,pe
16、ople,word,youth,eruption,curiosity,Shakespeares,11.The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady _(grow)of bigger languages.12.Tight jeans and trousers,short skirts and even sensible flat shoes may all cause _(ill).13.Reduce the amount of it if you suffered from restlessness or _(sleep)after taking the medicine.14.I saw many _(Japan)seated in the corner and reading something.15.You should take more _(exercise).Dont always sit at the desk busy doing your _(exercise).,illnesses,growth,sleeplessness,Japanese,exercise,exercises,
