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1、第一单元 商务翻译概论,商务翻译概论,本章概要,剑桥商务英语（BEC）考试大纲中有这样一段描述：Business English is for business people who need to,or will soon need to,use English in their work.It may also be used by adult students who will be entering the world of business at the end of their course of studies.（商务英语是从事或将要从事商务活动的人所使用的语言；也是行将毕业、即
2、将进入商界的大学生们将要使用的语言。）商务英语（Business English）就其语言本质而言，是在商务领域内经常使用的反映这一领域专业活动的英语词汇、句型、文体等的有机总和，是专门针对商务和商务活动的专业英语。（李太志，2006：78）,“商务”指商务工作人员所从事的商务活动和商务环节的总称；“英语”是进行此类商务活动时交流沟通的媒介。从整体上来说，商务英语不仅包括英语语音、语法、词汇、语篇和跨文化知识等通用英语（English for General Purpose,EGP）所包含的基础知识，还包括与商务有关的国际货物贸易、国际服务贸易、国际技术贸易、国际投资融资、国际合作等商务知识，
3、是一种专门用途英语（English for Special Purpose,ESP）。（贺雪娟，2007：9）它是在商务活动环境中使用的功能性很强的专业英语。本单元主要介绍商务英语的语言特征及商务翻译的有关标准。,商务翻译概论,本章重点,教学重点：1.掌握商务英语的语言特点；2.掌握商务英语的翻译标准；3.掌握商务英语与通用英语的区别。,本章难点,教学难点：商务英语中专业术语的翻译。,PART ONE 认识商务英语及商务翻译,Task I 阅读下列商务英语的有关段落，体会商务英语（Business English）与通用英语（English for General Purposes）的区别。,
4、1.Through in-depth analysis of advertising industrys scale,chain,competitors and other comprehensive economic information,we are able to provide our clients with important information for decision making,this may include market size and growth;market demand;PEST analysis;analysis of advertising indu
5、stry trends;appraisal of advertising industry chain;and assessment of the industrial potentiality etc.(An Introduction to Starmass Dream Company Introduction),【解析】商务英语与通用英语的本质区别在于其专门性，体现在词汇的专业性，语言的严谨性和简洁性，商务英语专门用于解决商务活动中出现的各种问题。本部分参考译文如下：1.通过对广告产业的规模、产业链、竞争对手和其他综合经济信息的深入分析，我们为客户提供有助于决策的重要信息，包括市场规模与市
6、场发展、市场需求，PEST（政治、经济、社会和技术）分析、广告产业发展趋势分析，广告产业链评估和广告产业发展潜能评估。,2.The Buyer hereby entrusts the Seller to insure the goods against W.P.A.and T.P.N.D.for 110%of the invoice value.The insurance premium should be borne by the Buyer.3.The kinds of trade nations engage in are varied and complex,a mixture of
7、visible and invisible trade.Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity.The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want.A nations balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions.By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms,a n
8、ation is able to combine the income it receives,for example,from exports,tourists expenditures,and immigrant remittances.This combined income is then spent on such items as manufactured goods from other countries,travel for its citizens to other countries,and the hiring of construction engineers.,2.
9、买方委托卖方按发票全额的110%投保水渍险和偷窃提货不着险，保险费由买方承担。3.世界各国从事的贸易千差万别，错综复杂，有形贸易和无形贸易并存。大多数国家对出口的依赖，都大于对其他活动的依赖。出口所赚取的外汇用来支付进口货物需要的费用。一个国家的收支平衡就是这些错综复杂的交易记录。通过用货币形式来反映所有这些交易，一个国家能够把比如出口、外国游客的花费和移民汇款的收入汇总在一起。这些收入汇总起来，便可以支付诸如购买其他国家的制成品、本国居民到其他国家旅游和雇佣建筑工程师的费用等。,PART TWO 商务翻译热身练习,1.CBD 2.WTO 3.CIF 4.FOB 5.FDI,Cash Befo
10、re Delivery 付款后交单/Central Business District 中央商务区2.World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织3.Cost,Insurance and Freight 成本、保险加运费价4.Free on Board 船上交货价5.Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投资,Task I 把下列缩略语的全称及译文填写在横线上。,6.Greenwich Mean Time 格林尼治标准时间7.Consumer Price Index 消费者价格指数8.Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值9.Bunk
11、er Surcharge 燃油附加费（国内许多地方如出租车上的翻译“additional fuel fee”并非地道翻译）10.Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises 外资独资企业,6.GMT 7.CPI 8.GDP 9.BSC 10.WFOE,Task II 把下列句子翻译成汉语。1.We are sorry to inform you that your price has been found uncompetitive,but we are still interested in doing business with you if you can bring
12、 down your price to be in line with the international market price.我们很遗憾地通知贵方，你方价格无竞争力。若贵方能将价格降至国际市场价格，我们仍对交易感兴趣。,2.After thorough investigation of the damages,we found out that the B/L showed that when the shipping company received the goods,they were in apparent good condition.The liability is cer
13、tainly not on our side.经过对货物损害的全面调查，我方发现货运提单显示船公司收到货物时，外表良好。因此，该损害我方并无责任。,3.As the marketplace becomes truly global,as barriers of distance,time,language and regulation diminish through the new communication technologies,the level of competition among market participants has never been higher.随着市场的真
14、正全球化以及距离、时间、语言和法规等方面的障碍变得越来越小，市场参与者之间的竞争达到前所未有的激烈程度。,5.At Wal-mart,we understand how critical education is to the lives and well-being of all Americans.In 2009,Wal-mart and its Foundation gave more than$53 million to fund educational programs in communities across the country.Through our scholarship
15、 programs alone,the Wal-mart Foundation awarded more than$9 million in academic scholarships to help students afford higher education in the 2010-2011 school year.By supporting education,the Wal-mart Foundation ensures that the leaders of tomorrow have access to the quality education opportunities t
16、hey need to be successful today.在沃尔玛，我们理解教育对全体美国人民的生活和幸福的重要性。2009年，沃尔玛及其基金会拔出5300万美元支持美国社区教育项目。20102011学年，仅奖学金项目，沃尔玛基金会提供的学术奖学金超过900万美元，帮助学生支付高等教育学费。通过支持教育，沃尔玛基金会确保明天的领袖今天能够得到未来获得成功的素质教育的机会。,Task I 阅读下列短语，体会其语言特点。1.Clean bills of lading 清洁提单：清洁提单是指没有在提单上对货物的表面状况作出货损或包装不良之类批注的提单，它表明承运人在接收或者装船时，该货物的表面
17、状况良好。2.Special drawing rights特别提款权：是国际货币基金组织创设的一种储备资产和记帐单位，亦称“纸黄金（Paper Gold）”。它是基金组织分配给会员国的一种使用资金的权利。会员国在发生国际收支逆差时，可用它向基金组织指定的其他会员国换取外汇，以偿付国际收支逆差或偿还基金组织的贷款，还可与黄金、自由兑换货币一样充当国际储备。,专业化,PART THREE 商务英语语言特点,3.Shipping advice 装运通知：装运通知是由卖方向买方发出的货物已经于某年某月某日装船的书面通知。4.Shipping instructions装运须知：装运须知是买方就货物装运的
18、具体要求向卖方发出的书面通知。5.Marketing mix营销组合：该概念由Neil Bordon提出，指企业根据顾客的需求和企业的营销目标来确定可控营销因素的最佳组合。理查德克莱维持教授把营销组合要素归纳为产品、订价、渠道、促销四大要素。,1.In witness whereof,the parties hereto have caused this agreement to be executed by their respective representatives on the date of January 1,2010.2.This simply means that the c
19、ompany continues indefinitely,that the death or withdrawal of a shareholder does not terminate the company existence,and that a shareholder does not have the power to compel or force dissolution.,Task II 阅读下列句子，从语言规范方面讨论商务英语的语言特点。,3.Marketing occurs when people decide to satisfy needs and wants thro
20、ugh exchange.Exchange is the act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return.Exchange is only one of many ways people can obtain a desired object.,规范化,4.As prices continue to rise and consumers search for affordable ways to sustain the transitional economy,nearly 80 pe
21、rcent of U.S.households are shopping at Wal-Mart.Consumers across various income brackets are now taking advantage of Wal-Marts one-stop shopping convenience to purchase a wide assortment of consumer packaged goods at low prices.5.At your request,we have effected insurance on this consignment agains
22、t All Risks and War Risk for US$1 million on June 1,2010.,【解析】商务英语具有规范化特征，语言统一、客观，准确传递作者意图，规范性还体现在语言的正式性和合理性。第1小题为合同用语，必须规范、准确，用词包括“whereof,hereto”等；第2小题“the death or withdrawal of a shareholder”把各种可能情况都列举出来，第3小题为了使语言规范化并衔接，在第一句后马上解释什么是“exchange”；第4小题采用描述性语言，准确描述消费现状；第5小题的时间、金额书写规范准确。总之，规范化是商务英语的特点之
23、一,1.In witness whereof,the parties hereto have caused this agreement to be executed by their respective representatives on the date of January 1,2010.兹证明，本协议由双方各自代表于2010年1月1日签订。2.This simply means that the company continues indefinitely,that the death or withdrawal of a shareholder does not terminat
24、e the company existence,and that a shareholder does not have the power to compel or force dissolution.也就是说，公司可以无限存续，股东的死亡和撤股并不能终止公司的存续，而且股东也不具有强行解散公司的权力。,3.Marketing occurs when people decide to satisfy needs and wants through exchange.Exchange is the act of obtaining a desired object from someone b
25、y offering something in return.Exchange is only one of many ways people can obtain a desired object.人们开始通过交换来满足需求的时候就出现了营销。所谓交换就是指从他人那里取得想要的物品，并以某种物品作为回报的行为。获得想要物品的方式有多种，交易只是其中之一。,4.As prices continue to rise and consumers search for affordable ways to sustain the transitional economy,nearly 80 perc
26、ent of U.S.households are shopping at Wal-Mart.Consumers across various income brackets are now taking advantage of Wal-Marts one-stop shopping convenience to purchase a wide assortment of consumer packaged goods at low prices.随着价格持续上涨，消费者寻求比较经济的办法来度过经济转型期，大约 80%的美国家庭在沃尔玛购物。各种不同收入的人群都利用沃尔玛的一站式购物便利，以
27、低价购买各种各样的日用消费品。5.At your request,we have effected insurance on this consignment against All Risks and War Risk for US$1 million on June 1,2010.应贵方要求，我方已于2010年6月1日为这批货物投保了价值为100万美元的一切险和战争险。,1.It would be appreciated if you could quote your best prices of CIF London for Christmas decorations,and also
28、let us know the earliest possible date you can make shipment.2.This contract is made in a spirit of friendship and cooperation by and between Party A and Party B,whereby Party A shall invite Party B as an English teacher on the terms and conditions stipulated as follows:,程式化公式化,Task III 阅读下列句子，从语言结构
29、稳定性方面讨论商务英语的语言特点。,3.Neither party shall be held responsible for failure or delay to perform all or any part of this Contract due to flood,fire,earthquake,snowstorm,hailstorm,hurricane,war,government prohibition or any other events that are unforeseeable at the time of the execution of this Contract
30、and could not be controlled,avoided or overcome by such party.,1.It would be appreciated if you could quote your best prices of CIF London for Christmas decorations,and also let us know the earliest possible date you can make shipment.如贵公司能报圣诞饰品的最优惠伦敦到岸价及最早交货期，我方不胜感激。2.This contract is made in a spi
31、rit of friendship and cooperation by and between Party A and Party B,whereby Party A shall invite Party B as an English teacher on the terms and conditions stipulated as follows:本着友好合作之精神，甲方聘请乙方为英语教师，甲乙双方同意签订下列条款：,Task III 阅读下列句子，从语言结构稳定性方面讨论商务英语的语言特点。,3.Neither party shall be held responsible for f
32、ailure or delay to perform all or any part of this Contract due to flood,fire,earthquake,snowstorm,hailstorm,hurricane,war,government prohibition or any other events that are unforeseeable at the time of the execution of this Contract and could not be controlled,avoided or overcome by such party.任何一方如果由于洪水、火灾、地震、雪暴、雹暴、飓风、战争、政府禁令或其他在合同执行时无法预见并不能控制、不可避免或无法克服的事件致使不能或迟延履行合同的全部或一部分时，该方不承担责任。,
