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1、四级长对话听力,Long Conversations,一、三大基本功二、句型熟悉三、长对话设题点解密四、10大听前预测方法五、真题演练,一、三大基本功,（一）听前预测(二)听时抓“点”（三）注意使用缩略语,一、三大基本功,（一）听前预测1.先纵后横所谓“先纵”，就是首先通读每篇后的3-4个小题，找出关键词，前后联系，预测全篇大致主题。所谓“后横”，就是在仍有时间的情况下，通看各题选项，看看是否存在生词，总结长句的核心意思，以此预测考点和可能的答案。两步预测都要注意随时做出标注,划出关键词或简写长句的大意,因为单凭记忆在高压的听力考试中是万万靠不住的。,以2007年12月Conversation
2、 Two为例:23.A)She is thirsty for promotion.B)She wants a much higher salary.C)She is tired of her present work.D)She wants to save travel expenses.首先通过promotion,salary和work可得出本对话的大致主题是有关职业,再联系两次出现的wants,想到或许与求职有关,并顺理成章地想到可能会谈到离职的原因、新职位的性质以及薪酬等等。这就是上面所说的先纵。此后我们可对选项中较长的词语做标注,通过听录音我们发现本题答案的对应信息在原文中是Im fe
3、d up with my job.,正是tired of的同义置换。这就是上面所说的后横。可见,事先标注关键信息,可让我们在听时将注意力集中到更小的点,起到事半功倍的效果。,2.分清主次,与生活中的情形相似,双方对话的时候常有主次之分,如:一方询问,另一方作答时,关键信息多出现在作答一方,考点自然也就多出于此。分清对话双方的主次对于我们预测考点出现的位置很重要,方法也简单易行。,(二)听时抓“点”,有了充分的听前预测,听时的主要任务就是抓住考点,且掌握如下两个原则:1.考点均匀分布,易出现在话轮转换处首先,长对话后设的3-4个小题一般均匀地分布在对话的每个回合,极少出现某一个回合包含两个考点的
4、情况。这样,我们在一个对话回合中找到一个考点后,剩余的部分就可不做详听,让紧张的神经稍做放松,有利于将精力集中于下面的考点。其次,考点的位置多是话轮转换的时候。具体的说,就是对话一方某段发言的开头和结尾部分,这也完全符合西方人的思维习惯,即在发言伊始多是开门见山,而在发言结尾处又总括强调。以2006年12月Conversation Two为例:,M:Hi,Miss Rowling,how old were you when you started to write?And what was your first book?W:I wrote my first story when I was
5、about six.It was about a small animal,a rabbit,I mean,and Ive been writing ever since.(22题考点)M:Why did you choose to be an author?W:If someone asked me how to achieve happiness,step one would be finding out what you love doing most and step two would be finding someone to pay you to do this.I consid
6、er myself very lucky indeed to be able to support myself by writing.(23题考点),M:Do you have any plans to write books for adults?W:My first two novels were for adults.I suppose I might write another one,but I never really imagine a target audience when Im writing.The ideas come first,so it really depen
7、ds on the ideas that grasp me next.(24题考点)M:Where did the ideas for the Harry Potter books come from?W:Ive no idea where the ideas came from.And I hope Ill never find out.(25题考点)It would spoil my excitement if it turned out I just have a funny wrinkle on the surface of my brain,which makes me think
8、about the invisible train platform.,2.重复率较高的词或短语多成为考点对话的主要内容理所当然会得到说话人的强调,而一个非常重要且明显的强调方式就是重复,故重复的词语往往能够揭示对话的主题。如问:What is the news coverage mainly about?【例7】【预览选项】A The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.B The fall of Karnaks capital city into the hands of the rebel forces.C The ep
9、idemic（传染病）that has just broken out in the country of Karnak.D The peace talks between the rebels and the government in Karnak.而原文中多次出现rebel forces,conflict,war等与叛乱相关的词语,也可判断本题答案为A)The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.,（三）注意使用缩略语记笔记一定要迅速，而要想在有限的时间内尽可能比较全面的记录重点信息，使用一定的缩略语和熟悉的符号是十分必
10、要的，主要有以下几种方法：1)利用数学符号。如equal写成“=”;“”表示“unequal”;“”代表increase/up;“”表示result from/because/since/for/as;“”代表lead to/result in/has become/turn into;“”表示decrease/drop/dip/fall;“”代表about/almost;表示more than;表示 less than;“+”代表include/cover;“-”则是exclude等。,2)利用数字和其他固定符号。能用数字或其他固定符号代表的词全部用阿拉伯数字或符号，这样既能节约时间，又能避
11、免拼写错误，如：twenty写成 20;nineteen eighty four记作1984;$=dollar;=pound;11 in the morning=11 am;11 in the evening=11 pm等。3)创造自己的速写符号。在平时的训练中也可以使用和创造一些符合自己习惯的缩略语和符号，如u可代表understand(ing);m可代表mean(ing);m=minute;s=second;h=hour;imp.=important/importance;nec.=necessary等。,二、长对话的常用词汇/短语及句型,1.工作类 2.家庭日常生活类 3.休闲时光类,1
12、.工作类 大学英语教学突出实用性,即让学生毕业后能在实际工作中自如地运用英语进行交流。大学英语四级的听力考试也正是突出了这一特点,所以涉及工作的话题颇多,但是很少谈论具体工作细节,大都是日常的工作情况,请大家注意这方面语料的积累,在取得好成绩的同时,也进一步提高自己的实际英语应用能力。,总结经常出现的相关词汇/短语如下:be responsible for,out of control,trading,financial market,work-related,changing jobs,high stress,a stressful job,an element of stress,long
13、-term performance and success,equipment,proposal,human resources,advertising in the papers,advertising strategy,commercials,investment,profit,budget,effective communication skills,ability to work individually,retire,retirement,scheme,temporary staff,committee work,in charge of,resum,etc.,以下总结工作类话题经常
14、出现的句子/句型:Did you have time to look at my proposal?If we want to stay competitive,we need to.Well have to discuss.We should consider.It is not enough any more.We need to be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors.Well be able to afford this.I am fed up with my job.If I stay on my pr
15、esent job much longer,I wont have any mind or skills left.What about salary?That is why I am interested in this job.I have done different types of things.You are really resourceful.You might just be the person weve been looking for.,2.家庭日常生活类 关于家庭日常生活的话题涉及面比较广,出现频率也比较高。2009年6月的试题出现了谈论他人退休生活的话题；2008年
16、12月的试题是关于买农场；2008年6月的试题涉及了偷盗事件。因此我们要关注当前社会的热点话题,比如房价、交通、环境、安全等。总结经常出现的相关词汇/短语如下:rent,landlord,house-leasing contract,utilities,agency fees,real estate,mortgage(按揭),down payment(首付),affordable housing(经济适用房),withdrawal,deposit,traffic jam,route,rubbish disposal station,recycle,surrounding,facility,et
17、c.,以下总结家庭日常生活类话题经常出现的句子/句型:What form of transport do you prefer to use?What are your opinions about traffic problems?There is a problem with.I am sorry about this inconvenience.How can we afford to buy.?We can pay a little on.Ive been told you might have a vacant room.Do you want to share with any r
18、oommates or live alone?I heard the price of the house has risen again.,3.休闲时光类 大学英语四级听力考试中涉及到休闲内容的材料也不少,但主要集中在旅游和预定酒店方面。总结经常出现的相关词汇/短语如下:leisure time,motel,accommodation,annual leave,tourist attraction,resort,double room,single room,passport,pack,ready to leave,depend on,relax,check in,check-in proc
19、edure,check out,pay in advance,do some sightseeing,fantastic,peak season,low/off season,receipt,registration,flexible,souvenir,holiday brochure,group reservation,travel agency,local specialty,package tour,one-way trip,round trip,etc.,以下总结休闲时光类话题经常出现的句子/句型:I am packed and ready to leave.I cant rememb
20、er which bag its in.I have planned to.I can give you a 10%discount.Ill have to charge you 100 pounds for the night.I am going to visit.I have also traveled a bit.It is less crowded and hotels cost less.I love train travel.Would you recommend some scenic spots for us to see here?Can you show me some
21、of the attractions here?Id like to know what the itinerary is.,4.学习类 以2009年12月的真题为例,第一篇听力长对话的内容是关于报计算机辅导班的,其中跟学习、学科相关的词汇有:courses in computer programming,the fall semester,evening course,data processing,register,registration等。通过这些我们还可以进行适当的扩展。总结经常出现的相关词汇/短语如下:do research online,take/sit/pass/fail an
22、 exam,take extra lessons,compulsory courses(公共必修课),credit system and selective courses,curriculum,seminar,website,academic year,full-time student,major,thesis,freshman,degree,etc.,以下总结学习类话题经常出现的句子/句型:I am looking for information on/about.Do you want a day or evening course?Have you taken any courses
23、?How many weeks does the course last?How much is the course?I want to do Philosophy rather than English,but my parents talked me out of it.You would have chosen.,.观点、态度句。I think Ill take the half-day tour of the city.I dont think we can get a hotel at this time.I suppose you would have arrived earli
24、er.I cant agree more.I dont feel like going out.Why not?Why bother?,二、熟悉句型是听力训练的基础,2.请求、建议句。Would you like some fruit juice?Why dont we just stay at home?You are not supposed to be here.Wont four be wiser?3.强调句。But it was he who helped me repairing my car.I did see him at the office.He did take the
25、book out of the library.I really feel nervous when the professor called on me.,4.否定句。I dont feel like going out.I was barely able to stay awake.I cant agree more.5.反问句。Didnt you see the sign?Werent you nervous when the professor called on you in the class?Really?I was under the impression that the t
26、ickets were sold out a long time ago.,.转折句。We do need another bookshelf in this room,but the problem is the space for it.Id love to,but I have to go and sendYes,but you have to revise some part of it.条件句。If I were you,I would stay at home and watch TV.If you dont mind waiting,Ill get prepared.If it
27、hadnt been the snowing,I would have been home by 9 oclock.,三、长对话设题点解密,长对话的篇幅较长，想要听过之后就能将主要的内容都清楚地记在脑子里，几乎是不可能的。考生只有听一遍的机会，只能边听、边记、边答。边听边记是听力中一项非常重要的技能，但是做笔记并不是要把听到的每一个单词都记下来，笔记无非是帮助记忆的手段，只要能把重要的信息用可识别的符号记录下来，就算达到了目的。因此为了提高听与记的效率，应注意把握一定的技巧和原则。,1、对话的开头主题句常常是在对话的开头，它对整个对话的内容起一个概括和提示的作用，实际上是说话人所谈论的中心话题
28、。长对话中的第一题很可能是针对对话的开头提问，考查考生对整个对话的主题或所谈话题的把握。,【例1】(07-6-19)【预览选项】A To go sightseeing.B To have meetings.C To promote a new champagne.D To join in a training program.【边听边记】M:Hi,Ann,welcome back.Hows your trip to the states?W:Very busy,19I had a lot of meetings.19.Why did the woman go to New York?【答案解析
29、】选B。细节题。对话一开始，男士就问女士去美国的旅行怎么样，女士回答说很忙，她had a lot of meetings(要参加很多会议)，由此可知女士去纽约是去参加会议。,2、对话的结尾结尾处往往涉及到建议、决定或某种行为等，它对整个对话起到一个总结的作用。长对话的最后一题经常是针对对话的结尾设题，故留意其中的关键动词就成了解题的关键。,【例2】(新06-6-25)A Changing her major.B Spending less of her parents money.C Getting transferred to the English Department.D Leaving
30、 the university.W:They would be so disappointed though if I told them I was quitting.25.What is Karen thinking of doing?【解析】细节题。对话结尾处女士通过进行时表明了自己的打算(I was quitting)。注意这里的quit是指退出现在的专业，而不是指退出大学，选择答案时需根据上下文，切忌根据常识进行判断。,3、对话中的一问一答长对话中，对话双方往往出现多个一问一答，而这恰恰是长对话的一个出题重点，对话后面问题往往就是对话原文中问题的照搬或是同义转述，因此其答案就是对话中
31、紧接问题之后的答语，而且一般不会有同音或近音词的干扰，因此对于这类题目答案的基本原则就是听到什么选什么。,【例3】(07-6-25)【预览选项】A Data collection.B Training consultancy.C Corporate management.D Information processing.【边听边记】W:Whats your line of business,Mr.Johnson?M:We are a training consultancy.25.What is the mans line of business?【答案解析】选B。细节题。女士的提问即为本题的
32、提问，答案就在男士接下来的回答中。女士问男士Whats your line of business(做哪一行)，男士回答说We are a training consultancy(我们是培训咨询公司),由此可知答案为B。,4、对话中逻辑关系处长对话中经常会涉及到表示转折、因果等逻辑关系的短语或句式，这些地方也很受出题人的青睐。【例4】(新06-6-22)A Shes worried about the seminar.B The man keeps interrupting her.C She finds it too hard.D She lacks interest in it.,W:N
33、o,Jim,I suppose I havent.I need to get through although,but I keep drifting away.M:So it doesnt really hold your interest?W:No,not really.I wouldnt bother with it,to be honest,but I have to read it for a seminar.Im at the university.22.Why cant Karen concentrate on the book?【解析】推断题。女士话中but转折后内容表明女士对
34、那本书并不感兴趣，紧接着男士和女士的一问一答再次揭示本题的答案为D。,5、对话中建议处对话中一方给另一方提出的建议或意见常常会被作为出题的重点，因此，听音时要注意捕捉一些特殊的表达建议的句式，如Youd better,why not do?等。【例5】(06-12-20)A Study the map of Quebec Province.B Find more about Quebec City.C Brush up on her French.D Learn more about the local customs.,M:Well,In fact,Montreal is the third
35、 largest French-speaking city in the world.So20 youd better practice your French before you go.W:Good advice.20.What does the man advise the woman to do before the trip?【解析】细节题。由男士话中的youd better可知他建议女士在去旅行前先练习一下法语(practice FrenchBrush up on French)，故答案为C。,6、对话中比较处形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，以及than,asas等引出的比较结构也是
36、长对话题的设题重点之一。这类题目的选项中经常会含有比较结构，考生要学会利用选项所给提示抓取关键点。【例6】(新06-6-23)A The lectures are boring.B The course is poorly designed.C She prefers Philosophy to English.D She enjoys literature more.,W:I should say,I dont like Dickens at all really,the author,indeed,I am starting to like the whole course less an
37、d less.M:Its not just the book,its the course as well?W:Yeah,You see,I wanted to do philosophy rather than English,but my parents took me out of it.23.Why is Karen starting to like the course less and less?【解析】细节题。本题是在对话中的比较处命题(like the course less and less)。女士话中的do philosophy rather than English表明女
38、士宁愿学哲学而不愿学英语。rather than意为“而不是，不愿”。,7、对话中列举、举例处对话中出现列举或举例的地方往往也是出题的重点，因此，当听到such as,for example,for instance,the first,the second等一类词语，应加以留意。【例7】(710分样卷-Conversation One-20)A It cost much more than its worth.B It should be brought up-to-date.C It calls for immediate repairs.D It can still be used fo
39、r a long time.,W:Sure.Ive been trying to come up with some new production and advertising strategies.First of all,if we want to stay competitive,we need to modernize our factory.New equipment shouldve been installed long ago.20.What does the woman say about the equipment of their factory?【解析】细节题。女士说
40、自己提出了一些新的生产和广告战略，接着列举了首要的一点(first of all)：设备需要尽快更新。,8、对话中推测处must,may,can等情态动词常用于表示对现在或过去事实的推测，这些地方常常受到出题人的青睐。【例8】(新06-6-Conversation One-21)A The woman thinks Mr.Saunders is asking for more than they can offer.B Mr.Saunders will share one third of the womans responsibilities.C Mr.Saunders believes t
41、hat he deserves more paid vacations.D The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr.Saunders past experience.,W:Well,you might just be the person weve been looking for.Do you have any questions?M:Uh-hum,if I were hired,how many accounts would I be handling?21.What can we conclude from the conversation?【解析
42、】推断题。由女士话中的推测句式You might just be the person可推知，女士似乎对男士过去的经验很满意。,9、对话中的数字、人名、地名、时间、年代等相关信息遇到数字、人名、地名、时间、年代时要对相关信息做简要记录，尤其是选项中出现类似的概念时，在听音时更应重点留意。【例9】(710分样卷-24)【预览选项】A Late in the morning.B Early in the afternoon.C Sometime before dawn.D Shortly after sunrise.,【边听边记】M:Rebel forces are closing in,and
43、its feared that they will be able to take the capital building before daybreak where,it is believed,many government officials are holding out.24.At what time of day do you think this news report is being made?【答案解析】选C。细节题。根据原文中its feared that they will before daybreak.可知，当时报道的时间应该是在before daybreak(黎
44、明破晓前)。dawn相当于daybreak。,10、留意选项中的要点内容正确选项往往与原文相似，或是原文的同义表达，因此应注意提取选项中的关键点，在听音时留意其是否在文中出现并加以记录。【例4】(710分样卷-25)【预览选项】A Inadequate medical care.B Continuing social unrest.C Lack of food,water and shelter.D Rapid spreading of the epidemic,【边听边记】W:what other pressing concerns are there for the citizens of
45、 the city?M:Well,since the beginning of the conflict,starvation,and lack of clean water and adequate shelter have been the biggest daily obstacles facing the citizens of this war-torn country.25.What is the pressing concern of the citizens of Karnack?【答案解析】选C。细节题。四个选项中只有C项内容在对话中出现，其他三项均未涉及到，故只要抓住对话中
46、starvation,and lack of clean water and adequate shelter或其部分内容，即可判断答案为C。starvation意为“饥饿”。,四、听力长对话10大听前预测方法,听力题中很多选项都有比较明显的特点，或者使用某种专门的表达形式，如均为动词原形或均为人物角色等;或者含有一些标志性的词语，通过这些选项特点我们便可以推测问题可能考查的核心内容;另外，我们经常可以通过对选项的分析，排除一些比较明显的干扰性，缩小听音范围，从而在听音时更有针对性。,1、各题主题揭示对话主题将各题所考查的主题内容结合在一起，往往可得出整篇对话的主题。如果某一题目是考查对话主题
47、，其中的一个选项明显能够概括其他各题选项的内容，那么该选项很可能为答案。【例1】(710分样卷Conversation One)【预览选项】19.A To interview a few job applicants.B To fill a vacancy in the company.C To advertise for a junior sales manager.D To apply for a job in a major newspaper.,20.A A hard working ambitious young man.B A young man good at managing
48、his time.C A college graduate with practical working experience.D A young man with his own idea of what is important.,【听前预测】预览19题中的interview,applicants,vacancy,advertise for a manager,apply for a job等词语可以推测对话与刊登招聘广告或应聘工作有关。而20题中hardworking,ambitious,good at managing his time,with practical working e
49、xperience,with his own idea等词语则表明对话中还涉及到对所招聘人员的要求。,2、选项均以动词的某种形式开头含有这类选项的问题为考查“行为活动”类型。根据动词的不同形式，问题考查的重点也可能不同。选项均以动词原形开头，问题大多是关于建议某人做某事，有时也表示为了而某种目的而要做某事。选项均为动名词，问题大多是关于正在进行的动作或者计划打算。选项为不定式，问题很可能是关于做某事的目的，或是计划、承诺或要求做某事。,【例2】(新06-12-20)【预览选项】A File a lawsuit against the man.B Ask the man for compensa
50、tion.C Have the mans apple tree cut down.D Throw garbage into the mans yard.【听前预测】选项均为动词原形，故本题应该是考查某人的行为活动。四个选项均是针对男士的行为，故本题很可能是关于某人与男士发生争吵或冲突时所采取的应对措施。,【听音验证】W:Get the branches off my property or Ill have to sue you.M:Yeah?For what?!Youre taking those law classes too seriously!Ive gotta go,I have t
