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1、2013 ESC 冠心病热点聚焦,华中科技大学同济医院心内科国家教育部&卫计部重点学科郭 小 梅,最新ESC,AHA指南引入FMC-Device概念,2012 ESC STEMI guideline,FMC(First Medical Contact),2013 ACCF/AHA STEMI患者治疗策略选择,新指南3个要点内容90分钟内急诊PCI2小时内转诊PCI2小时以上溶栓后转诊PCI,30 天复合终点荟萃分析:死亡率、再发心梗、心肌缺血,DSouza S P et al.Eur Heart J 2011;32:972-982,Impact of immediate multivessel
2、 intervention on outcome of patients with multivessel disease undergoing primary PCI for STEMI without cardiogenic shock(Results of the prospective ALKK PCI registry),Results I AnalysisPresent data from 2008-2011,immediate multivessel PCI vs culprit lesion PCIAlmost 6000 consecutive patients with ST
3、EMI and multivessel disease included,Impact of multivessel PCI in STEMI,Impact of multivessel PCI in STEMI Results II Treated coronary arteries(%)p0,01p0,01p0,01,Impact of multivessel PCI in STEMIResults III Minimal TIMI Flow before and after PCI,Impact of multivessel PCI in STEMI Results IV Intraho
4、spital eventsp0,01,Results V Multivariate analysis on predictors of intrahospital mortality in STEMI patients,Impact of multivessel PCI in STEMI,Summary,Immediate multivessel PCI for STEMI without cardiogenic shock is used in a minority of patients(10%),There are no differences in procedural success
5、 rates(TIMI 3 flow;90,0%vs 90,9%),MV PCI needs significantly more contrast agent(220 vs 170ml)and fluoroscopy time(12,2 vs 7,8min),MV PCI is associated with higher intrahospital mortality as culprit lesion PCI(8,5 vs 4,6%),Impact of multivessel PCI in STEMI,Should We Perform an Immediate Coronary An
6、giogram in All Survivors of Out-of Hospital Cardiac Arrest With No Obvious Extra-Cardiac Cause?Insights from the PROCAT registry,January 2003-December 20086766 cases of OHCA,CPR attempted3494,CPR not attempted3272,Stable hemodynamic state1198Fatal arrest during transportation484Successfully transpor
7、ted to hospital714,714 OHCA successfully transported tothe hospital,Obvious non cardiac cause ofarrest279Respiratory failure 131Brain injury 17Metabolic disorders 15,Hemorrhage 10Miscellaneous 103,No obvious non cardiaccause of arrest435Immediate coronary angiogram atadmission,ST segment elevation13
8、4(31%),Other ECG patterns301(69%),In-hospital survival rates,174/435:39%,CPC levels 1/2:,160/174:92%,Multivariable logistic regression analysisof predictors of survival,Long term prognosis,Angioplasty(PCI)and hypothermia(HT),Dumas F,et al.J Am Coll Cardiol.2012,PCI+HT+PCI+HT PCI-HT+PCI HT-,Years,201
9、3 ESC 稳定性冠状动脉疾病管理指南“更新要点”,稳定性冠状动脉疾病(SCAD)的定义,2006年指南稳定性心绞痛,仅包括冠脉粥样硬化性狭窄,2013年指南稳定性冠状动脉疾病,包括,冠脉粥样硬化性狭窄微血管功能失调冠脉痉挛,SCAD的主要临床表现,European Heart Journal Advance Access published,2013,SCAD的诊断流程,European Heart Journal Advance Access published,2013,验前概率(PTP),疾病的临床可能性如果选择错误检查多于正确检查,这可能对患者有害。采用无创性影像学检查来诊断CAD,
10、典型的敏感性和特异性约85%,所有诊断结果中有15%会出错在PTP低于15%、高于85%的患者中,不做任何检查时极少会有错误的诊断,检查只为了有可信的理据,European Heart Journal Advance Access published,2013,患者的PTP,Genders TS,Steyerberg EW,Alkadhi H.Eur Heart J 2011;32:13161330,PTP15%,PTP的主要决定因素有年龄、性别、症状,PTP为15%-65%,PTP为66%-85,PTP85%,在PTP基础上形成了SCAD的3步决策流程一旦确诊SCAD,即开始最优化药物治疗,
11、确定疾病的临床可能性,Nothing,15%,进行进一步的无创检查,第1步,15-85%,检查患者是否有冠状动脉狭窄?缺血证据可视的冠脉狭窄,第2步,第3步,最优化的药物治疗危险分层缺血程度冠脉结构位置,有创血管造影和血运重建,确诊SCAD,高危患者,The Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology.Eur Heart J.2013 Aug 30,事件危险分层-预后,确诊CAD,PTP 15-85%已有检查结果PTP 85%仅有轻微症状
12、的患者因危险分层进行无创检查,然后提供的信息如果是高危患者的话,希望进行血运重建,低危年死亡率1%,中危年死亡率3%,OMT,根据合并症和患者自我倾向考虑ICA,高危年死亡率 3%,ICA+(需要时进行血流储备分数)+(适合时进行血运重建)+OMT,OMT,分层依据临床评估左室功能负荷试验结果冠脉病变情况,European Heart Journal Advance Access published,2013,SCAD的治疗,治疗目标缓解症状和改善预后治疗策略改善生活方式控制CAD危险因素基于循证证据的药物治疗患者教育血运重建,European Heart Journal Advance Ac
13、cess published,2013,治疗策略,European Heart Journal Advance Access published,2013,缓解心绞痛症状,改善预后,预防事件,一线药物,短效硝酸酯类,和:,BB或CCB降低心率如果心率慢或不能耐受则选用CCB-DHPBB+CCB-DHP:CCS心绞痛2,需要加药或换药,二线药物,依伐布雷定长效硝酸酯类尼可地尔雷诺嗪曲美他嗪,干预生活方式控制危险因素,健康宣教,阿司匹林他汀类ACEI或ARB,和:考虑血运重建(PCI或CABG),BB-受体阻滞剂CCB 钙离子拮抗剂DHP 二氢吡啶ACEI 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂ARB血管紧张素I
14、I受体拮抗剂PCI 经皮冠状动脉介入治疗CABG 冠状动脉旁路移植术,血运重建:指南重新讨论了血运重建在低危患者中的治疗价值,并制定了血运重建的决策流程,根据症状/缺血的严重程度制定决策,The Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology.Eur Heart J.2013 Aug 30,新指南强调导管室的重要性,有创血管造影(ICA)评估冠脉,血流储备分数(FFR)血管内超声光学相干层析成像,指导是否进行PCI,有狭窄且FFR 0.8,药
15、物治疗比介入血运重建更好。,与在导管室氯吡格雷运用的管理相比,在稳定的患者择期PCI予以氯吡格雷预处理未能降低死亡率或主要不良心脏事件(MACE)。与进行PCI患者相比,进行导管又无需植入支架的患者接受常规双重抗血小板治疗的出血风险与缺血性事件上获益并不一致。,European Heart Journal Advance Access published,2013,总结:新指南的更新要点,对SCAD的定义除了包括粥样斑块引起的冠脉狭窄,还包括微血管功能异常和冠脉痉挛区别诊断性检查和预后评价强调验前概率对诊断的重要性关注治疗策略及其对患者预后的影响其他包括更新诊疗技术的进展,强调在导管室中对CAD生理学评价的重要性,及指出血管重建对预后的益处少于预期,Thanks,