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1、XML技術實務,郭譽申中央研究院資訊科學研究所,Outline,XMLXML SchemaDOM and SAXXPathXSLTXQueryWeb Service/SOAWS-BPELConclusion,XML Document,郭譽申Y.S.Kuo博士中央研究院,XML Basic Concepts,基本元素元件(Element)-一對標記所夾的整個內容屬性(Attribute)文字(Text)語法(Syntax)層級嵌套(Nested)結構,XML Characteristics,Coding StandardFlexible Data StructuresDocuments and
2、DataContent and Presentation SeparationDeclarative SchemasXML VocabulariesXHTML,RosettaNet,UBL,Biztalk,Data Interchange/System Integration,XML Schema,Element/Attribute Declarations,Element DeclarationTaipeiAttribute DeclarationGlobal/Local,Data Types,Value SpaceLexical SpaceLiterals,e.g.100,1.0E2Fac
3、etsAspects that characterize a value spaceFundamental Facets,e.g.equal,order,Constraining Facets,e.g.length,pattern,Data Types,Simple TypeAtomic/List/UnionComplex TypePrimitive TypeDerived TypeList,Union,Restriction,ExtensionBuilt-In(44)/User-Derived Type,Complex Types,Derivation by ExtensionAdd ele
4、ment and attribute declarationsDerivation by RestrictionPut constraints on element and attribute declarations,Complex Types,Simple ContentOnly Text and Attributes,No ElementComplex ContentMixed ContentEmpty Content,Simple Types,Derivation by RestrictionConstraining Facetslength,minLength,maxLengthmi
5、n(max)Inclusive,min(max)Exclusive totalDigits,fractionDigitspatternenumerationwhiteSpace,Defining myInteger,Range 10000-99999,Using the Enumeration Facet,Derivation by List,Derivation by Union,Conclusion,XSD is much richer in semantics than DTD.XSD appears like the declaration part of a programming
6、language.XSD is not hard to learn.XSD is recommended by W3C.XSD will be the standard.,XML Schema versus DTD,Type SystemsBuilt-In TypesType DerivationContent ModelMixed ContentElement OccurrencesWildcardsSemantic ConstraintsXSD is much richer in semantics than DTD.,Document Object Model(DOM),Simple A
7、PI for XML(SAX),XML Document ParsingDocument input as streamEventsstartElement,endElement,Event Handling,XPath,Language for Addressing Parts of an XML DocumentDeclarative ExpressionsUses in XSLT,XPointer,XQuery,XPath 1.0,W3C REC.,Nov.1999XPath 2.0,Location Paths,child:doc/child:chapterposition()=5/c
8、hild:sectionposition()=2Node-SetsRelative/Absolute Location PathLocation StepsAxisNode TestPredicate,Evaluation Procedure,child:doc/child:chapterposition()=5/child:sectionposition()=2Each Node in Node-Set as Context Node Node-Set Union Node-Sets into a New Node-SetContext Position/Context Size,Examp
9、les,child:text()child:chapter/descendant:parachild:node()attribute:*following-sibling:chapterposition()=1child:paraattribute:type=warning,Path Expressions,Data TypesNode-Set(Location Path)BooleanNumberStringVariable Reference,e.g.$xFunction Call,e.g.id(“foo”),XSLT,Document Transformation among XML V
10、ocabulariesXSLT is XML-basedXSLT is rule and template basedXSLT is a declaritve languagematching is primary operationsalso support imperative-like primitives,eg.flow control,sorting,variables,How Does XSLT Work?,How Does XSLT Work?,During the transformation:XSLT processor reads both XML and XSLT doc
11、umentsTry to match elements in XML according to rules specified in XSLTIf some elements are matched,processor generates result elements according to templates in XSLTAfter the transformation,you could obtain:a result XML document,XSLT Processing Sequence,Hello,World!(material),Hello,World!Kuan-Ta Ch
12、en 2001/05/16,Source XML,XSL Stylesheet,Hello,World!result,Hello,World!Kuan-Ta Chen2001/05/16,Result XML,Result XML previewed in browser,Web Service/SOA,Support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network.RPC-Oriented(Remote Procedure Call)Message-OrientedREST,Web Service Triad,WS-BP
13、EL(Business Process Execution Language),Process/Workflow Engine for SOAApplication IntegrationWeb ServiceData RepresentationData Types in XML SchemasProcess Definitions in XMLXML-Based Workflow Management,BPEL versus XPDL,OASIS,IBM,Oracle,MicrosoftNarrow ScopeWeb Service for Appl.Integration XML Sch
14、emas as Data Types,WfMC,Many WfMS VendorsWide ScopeAPI in Multiple LanguagesTraditional Data Types+XML,BPEL versus XPDL,Block-Structured+LinksTransactionsException HandlingEvent Handling,Graph-Based Process Model?,Conclusion,XML is everywhere no matter whether you are aware of it or not.Technology and tools are maturing.Standards result in lower prices.Better to catch the train.,
