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1、Grammar,The Attributive Clause,Key words:,定语从句：,修饰名词和代词的从句,This is the best film that I have seen.,定语从句,the best film,先行词,that,关系词,This is the best film that I have seen.,关系词,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在从句中担当一个成分，作主语或宾语,关系词的作用,1）,2）,3）,Attributive clause定语从句定语从句:修饰某个名词或代词的从句先行词：被定语从句修饰的词关系代词:that which,who,whom,w
2、hose,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,The man sells vegetables.He lives next to us.,先行词,关系代词,WhoWhomWhichthat,指人 指物 从句中充当,主语/宾语,宾语,主语/宾语,主语/宾语,关系代词何时能省略？,作宾语时可省略,Whose 用法及转换形式,1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.,Do you know the woman whose husband is
3、 a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,A.需要注意的几个问题：,a 只能用that 不能用which/who的情况,先行词既有人又有物,I still remember the people and the things that I talked about with my friend.,先行词为不定代词（all,few,anything,something,nothing,everything),You must do everything that I do.,先行词
4、被序数词,adj最高级或the only,the very the last等所修饰,He is the very person that I am looking for.,先行词被all,little,much,any,no,every等修饰,常用that,Any man that wants to succeed must work hard.,Who is the boy _ was here just now?,that,主句里已有who/which，为避免重复，定语从句用that引导,6.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,He is no longer the boy_he was 1
5、0 years ago.,that,B.关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因状语,关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语。关系副词where在从句中充当地点状语。关系副词why在从句中充当原因状语。,关系副词和先行词的关系,I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.,on the day=when,in the house=where,for th
6、e reasons=why,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when/in which,wh
7、ich,where/in which,which,why/for which,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,Fill in the blank:when,where,why,which,thatin which,for which,Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun,who,whom,which,that,whose,the usage of the relative adverb,when,where,why,time,place,reason,adverbial,adverbial,adverbial
8、,D.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：,1 China is a country which has a long history.2 China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.,限制性定语从句：1）形式上无逗号，2）意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，因而不能删除,非限制性定语从句：1）形式上有逗号与主句隔开 2）是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整,3）关系词不用 that且不能省,E.介词+关系代词1.由先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要The speed at which light tra
9、vels is 300,000km per second.The room in which there is a blackboard is their classroom.介词可能是从句谓语的一个部分,或动词所需要的搭配Dont bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid.This is the job at which they laughed.,2.表示所有关系或整体的一部分,常用of whichChina has hundreds of islands,the largest of which is Taiwa
10、n.I have many friends,_ some are businessmen.A.of them B.from which C.who of D.of whom,D,This is the pen _ _ I wrote the letter.Is that the girl _ _ you lent your bicycle?Here is the address _ _ you should writeThese are the things _ _ I spoke just now.Is that the fish _ _ you asked the waiter?,with
11、 which,to whom,to which,about which,for which,3.whose的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+of which=of which+the+n.,He lives in the room whose window faces south.,=He lives in the room,faces south.,=He lives in the room,faces south.,the window of which,of which the window,Thank you,Thank You,关系
12、词,1.,关系代词,2.,关系副词,1.,指人,2.,指物,3.,指某一情况,that,who,whom,whose,that,which,whose,which,as,不能放于句首,放于句中或句首,“正如”,when,where,why,(主语/宾语),(状语),1.This is all _ I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whether2.Is there anything else _ you require?A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _ we visited wa
13、s the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it,考点一:that 与which 的区别,先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时，关系代词用,that,4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.that C.it D.whom5.There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A
14、.that B.which C.where D.in that,6.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A.that B./C.which D.it,7.Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you?A.that B.which C.where D.it,先行词为人和物的组合,先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时,先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best),the last,the very,the only 等时。,若
15、主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用 who,which，而用 that。,1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A.which B that C this D.it,只用which的情况:1,逗号后面 2,介词后面,2.The day _ he was born was Aug.20,1952.A.on which B that C which D.this,考点二:介词+关系代词,提醒:介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键 是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词
16、与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom;不可用that 或who 代替,The man is from Beijing University.I talked about him at the meeting.The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.,Join them into one sentence.,=The man about I t
17、alked at the meeting is from Beijing University.,关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。,whom,Filling blanks:,1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.,with whom,in which,考点三 Whose 用法及转换形式,1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构
18、成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.,Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,考点四：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have th
19、e same plan as you.2.as 引导的从句可以放在句首,as 本身有“正如.正象”之意，与之连用的词有 know,see,expect,announce,point out 等。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.,1._ was natural,he married Jenny.A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters.A.as,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is,4._ has bee
20、n said above,grammar is a set of dead rules.A.Which B.What C.That D.As5.We do the same work _ they do.A.which B.as C.than D.like,Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.,在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用”who”代替“that”.,考点五:that 与who的区别,wh
21、o,who,who,考点六:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?,选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。,做主语，宾语，定语用,做状语用,关系代词,关系副词,I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.The house _ we visited is being repaired now.The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.,when
22、,(which/that),(which/that),where,考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me,who _not fit for this job,is,am,3.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written4.
23、She is the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing,1.Is this factory _ we visited last week?,D,Is this the factory _ we visited last Week?,A、where B、thatC、to which D、the one,B,解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。,Exercises,2.Let me think of a proper situation _ th
24、is sentence can be used.,A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、which,A,先行词是situation,case,scene时，一般用where,最佳选择则是in which,3.She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.,A、when B、whatC、which D、why,C,She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.,A,5.The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is
25、 weak.,A、who B、whoseC、of whom D、which,B,6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.,A、who B、who wantC、who wants D、what,B,7.I dont like English,_ I am not interested.I dont like English,_ grammar is difficult to learn.I like this house,_ doorway is just enough to get.I like this house,_
26、 doorway is small.A.in which B.which C.through whose D.whose,A,D,C,D,8.I，_ your good friend,will try my best to help you out.,A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am,D,9.Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?,A、which B、thatC、what D、as,B,10.His walking stick,_ he cant walk,was lost yester
27、day.,A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without which,D,13.He must be from Africa,_ can be seen from his skin.A.that B.as C.who D.what,B,14.This is the same pen _I lost yesterday.A.as B.that C.the one D.A&B,D,比较：.the same pen as I lost.the same pen that I lost.,表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是,则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.,15.The te
28、acher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve.The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it.A.as B.that C.which D.the ones,A,B,so.that 后面跟的是一个结果状语从句,16._is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.A.Which B.As C.What D.That,B,17.Ill
29、tell you _ he told me last night.A.all which B.all whatC.that all D.all,D,18.How do you like the book?Its quite different from _ I read last month.A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what,C,19.There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.,A、all of themB、either of themC、all of w
30、hichD、both of that,C,20.I bought some books from the bookstore,five _were English novels.,A.of which B.whichC.that D.in which,A,名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom引导非限定性定语从句,21.Here are players from Japan,some of _ are our old friends.Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends.A.which B.that C.whom D.them,非限制性定语从句,并列句,C,D,
