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1、语法专题（三）,冠 词,不定冠词的用法,定冠词的用法,零冠词的用法,（一）考纲要求 考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指;抽象名词具体化和固定搭配等。（二）命题导向 冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及零冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。,冠词的判断：根据冠词修饰名词这一特点，如果空格位于名词前(或名词前还有个形容词)时，该空格可能是填冠词。Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to h
2、ealth that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body.思路点拨：weakening 在这里为名词(因为在动词短语后)，推断其前面的空格处应填冠词，再根据语意可知，身体变差(weakening)表示的是特指(of the human body)，故判断空格处应该填the。,归 纳 总 结,不定冠词(a/an)规则1：当紧挨着不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为 辅音音素时，用 a；而当紧挨着不定冠词的单词的 第一个音素为元音音素时，用an。特别提醒：判断a还是an的依据是其后的词的发音，而不是字母。例如：a university
3、student,a unique style,a European writer,an honest boy,an xray,an 800metrelong bridge等。,规则2,表泛指：用于首次提到某人或某物或表示“一”这 个数量，意思和one类似。,moon,sky,world等表示世界上独一无二的事物被形容词修饰时前面要加不定冠词，如：When can we enjoy a new moon?,不定冠词a用于most 前表示程度，相当于“very”意为：“非常，十分”，如：Its a most boring book.,类指：用于单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物。,规则3,规则4,
4、用于某些物质名词前，表示“一种、一份、一阵”等。如：a tea;a coffee;a rain.用于某些抽象名词前，使抽象概念具体化。这种用法的名词有a surprise/knowledge/success/failure/pleasure/interest等。,规则5,规则6,用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，意为“每一”相当于per。用于价格、速度等。,用在序数词前表示“又一，再一”,在“of a/an 名词单数”结构中，不定冠词a/an表示“同一，相同”，说明事物具有同一属性，相当于the same，如：They are all songs of a type.,规则11 用于固定搭配中：
5、,用于人名、地名等专有名词前，意为“某个叫的人”，“一个像的人”，“一个的地方”等。相当于some。如：a Napoleon;a Zhao Benshan（表示与某名人有类似性质的人或事物。）,规则7,规则8,规则9,规则10,(大连测试)A proverb says that _ new broom sweeps clean，but _ old one knows all the corners.Aa;theBa;anCthe;an Dthe;a解析：由句意知两空都为泛指。意思是：新官上任三把火，但老官对情况有全面的了解。答案：B,(重庆)Washing machines made by C
6、hina have won _ worldwide attention and Haier has become _ popular name.Aa;the B/;aC/;the Dthe;a解析：句意：中国制造的洗衣机赢得了世界的关注，海尔已成为大众喜爱的一个品牌名称。attention是不可数名词，此处表泛指，用零冠词；name是可数名词，此处也表泛指，需用不定冠词修饰，故B项正确。答案：B,(甘肃河西地区联考)We had _ nice dinner after the meeting with _ dishes of fish，meat，vegetables and dessert.A
7、a;/Bthe;the Ca;the D/；the解析：第一空泛指，第二空因其后的介词短语作定语为特指，选C。答案：C,(长郡中学)Laidoff workers cannot afford to purchase medicines from _ chemist when they get sick，nor do their children keep _ healthy diet.Aa;/Ba;a Cthe;/Dthe;the,解析：第一空a chemist“药店”；第二空keep a healthy diet“保持健康的饮食习惯”均为泛指，选B。答案：B,(皖南八校联考)What do
8、you think of the manager of your company?Oh，he is _ manager whos pleasant to work with.Its _ pleasure to work with him.Athe;a Ba;aCa;the D/;a,解析：答语表示“他是一位很好共事的人，跟他共事是一种乐趣”，两空均用不定冠词。答案：B,(2007山东)_ walk is expected to last all day，so bring _ packed lunch.AA;a BThe;/CThe;a DA;/解析：the walk特指，而第二空表“一顿什么样
9、的饭”。答案：C,(安徽)We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world.Aa;a Ba;theCthe;a Dthe;the解析：句意：如果我们不能创建一个污染越来越少的世界，就永远不要期待有一片更蓝的天空。答案：A,(洛阳统考)What do you think of _ question?Well，_ most difficult one indeed.A/;theB/;aCthe;a Dthe;the解析：第一个空特指提到问题，a most difficult one 相当难的一个。答案：C,
10、(湖南师大附中)Looking back，we have reasons to believe that _ more prosperous and stronger China will surely make new contributions to _ civilization of mankind.Aa;a Ba;theCthe;the Dthe;a,解析：回首过去，我们有理由相信一个更繁荣富强的中国将会为人类的文明做出新的贡献。第二空特指人类的文明。答案：B,(成都)Rosa didnt remember the exact date of the storm，but she kne
11、w it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church.A/;the Ba;/C/;a Dthe;/答案：B,不定冠词a/an用在姓氏和星期名称前表示“某一个”，“有一个”。也可指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物，相当于“a certain”，如：A Mr.Li died on a Saturday.,规则7：,(2006全国)Hello，could I speak to Mr.Smith?Sorry，wrong number.There isnt _ Mr.Smith here.A/Ba Cthe Done解析：句意为：这里没有一个叫Smith的人
12、。人名和Mr，Mrs，Miss连用时，用不定冠词表“某个。”根据语意应选B项。答案：B,规则7：不定冠词a/an用在姓氏和星期名称前表示“某一个”，“有一个”。也可指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物，相当于“a certain”，如：A Mr.Li died on a Saturday.,They met each other once_month.Athe B/Ca Dan解析：年、月、日、小时、分钟等名词前用a，表示计量单位。如：once a month 一月一次。答案：C,The envelopes are one yuan _dozen.Aa Ban Cthe D/解析：不定冠词可表示计量
13、单位，如：one yuan a dozen一打一元。答案：A,(浙江东阳中学)We were shocked to hear the news that _ two Chinese were killed in South Korea.Worse still，_ third one died in hospital afterwards.A/;a Bthe;theCthe;a D/;the答案：A,(辽宁重点模拟)Some of the exercises appear to be _ ones that you have done，but after taking _ second look
14、，you will find that they are different.A/;the Bthe;theCthe;a D/;a解析：第一空表特指，即“有些练习与你做过的相似”，第二空指的是“再仔细看一下”，所以要用take a second look。意思是“有些练习与你做过的相似，但是再看过之后，你会发现它们是不同的”。答案：C,(四川)In order to find _ better job，he decided to study _ second foreign language.Athe;a Ba;aCthe;the Da;the解析：句意：为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习一
15、门外语。第一个a表示泛指；a second(.)又一。答案：B,(南通调研)Mrs.Hanson，a housewife bent on getting _ higher education，has been going to college，a few courses at _ time，for 5 years.Aa;a B/;theCthe;a D/;/解析：句意为：汉森夫人，是一位家庭主妇，她致力于接受更高的教育，已经就读大学五年，每次学几门课程。第一空用不定冠词，表示泛指；第二空考查短语at a time 每次。答案：A,(浙江)I dont understand what the e
16、ngineer means，but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.Athe;a B/;theCthe;/Da;the解析：句意：我不明白那位工程师的意思，但我已大致了解这个项目计划。have a rough idea是固定短语“大致了解”，而plan在本句中表特指，故用the。答案：D,(淄博质检)In recent years，_ problem of global warming has been very serious.Thats right.People are facing _ number of natural disasters
17、now.A/;a Ba;theCthe;a Da;a解析：考查冠词。第一空为特指“全球变暖的问题”；第二空为固定搭配a number of“很多”。所以选C。答案：C,(2007温州)Chinese students may have _ good control of _ English grammar，yet unable to express their ideas in conversation.Athe;/Ba;theCa;/D/;the解析：have a control of为固定搭配，意思是“控制”；English grammar为抽象名词，因此前面没有冠词。答案：C,定冠词的用
18、法,规则1,规则2,规则3,规则4,规则5,特指：用于双方皆知的人或事物前；用于第二次提到某人或某物；用于被限定性定语修饰的名词前。,类指：用于单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物。,用于表示独一无二的事物的名词前、表示方位的名词前。,用于序数词、形容词的最高级前。,用于形容词、分词前，表示一类人或物。,规则6,用于姓氏的复数形式前，意为“夫妇”，“一家人”。,规则7,规则8,规则9,规则10,规则11,用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前；用于表示江、河、湖、海、山脉、岛屿、某些建筑、组织机构、报纸、杂志、书籍、会议、条约等的名词前。,当西洋乐器名称作play的宾语时，名词前须加定冠词the，,用于
19、表示在具体的地点、方位、时间或某天的一部分名词前、以festival组成的(以day组成的除外)节日名词（我国的节日）。,用于表“打/击/牵/拉的动词人介词身体的部位”句式。在身体部位前用定冠词。,用于固定搭配中,规则12,表示具体计量“按.计算，以.计算”，如by the hour/dozen/ton.,(陕西)What _ pity that you couldnt be there to receive _ prize!Aa;a Bthe;aCa;the Dthe;the,解析：句意：你没能去领奖，真是遗憾！第一空中a pity为固定结构：used to show that you ar
20、e disappointed about sth.遗憾，可惜；根据题意可知第二空后的prize(奖品)是双方都知道的事物，表特指，故用定冠词。答案：C,(全国)What I need is _ book that contains _ ABC of oil painting.Aa;/Bthe;/Cthe;an Da;the解析：句意：我需要的是一本含有油画入门内容的书。the ABC of.意为“的入门”。答案：D,(徐州调研)Graduates of 2009 share _ fate of entering the work force at a bad time，when the wor
21、ld is sinking deeper into _ financial crisis.Athe;/Ba;theCa;/Dthe;a解析：由句中的of短语作定语知第一空填the表特指；第二空填不定冠词a表泛指。故选D。答案：D,(北京)The biggest whale is _ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9story building.Athe;the Ba;aCa;the Dthe;a,解析：句意：最大的鲸鱼是蓝鲸，它大约可长到29米，9层楼的高度。the blue whale 蓝鲸，
22、the单数名词为特指一类事物；a 9story building为泛指，故选D。答案：D,(北京西城区)_ panda is one of _ remaining endangered animals in the world.AThe;the BA;aCThe;a D/;the解析：panda前可加a，或the表示熊猫这种动物。但后面须用the特指现存的一类濒危动物，故选A。答案：A,这样考过(北京崇文区)On the way home，_ sky grew dark，and _ cold rain began to fall.Athe;/B/;theCthe;a D/;a解析：sky前面加
23、the“sky”；a cold rain 一场冰冷的雨表泛指。答案：C,这样考过(辽宁)This area experienced _ heaviest rainfall in _ month of May.A/;a Ba;theCthe;the Dthe;a解析：句意：这个地区在5月经历了最大的降雨量。形容词最高级前需用定冠词；“在五月”表达为in May或in the month of May。答案：C,(北京海淀区)The New York Times started_ new text messaging service that delivers _ latest news to m
24、obile phones.Aa;the Bthe;theC/;/Dthe;a解析：纽约时报开始一次新的文本信息服务项目是把最新的消息发到手机上。第一个空修饰名词service，泛指用“a”，第二个空指最新的消息，用“the”修饰。答案：A,这样考过(湖南祁阳四中)_ government has promised to take measures to help _ unemployed.AThe;the B/;theCThe;/D/;/答案：A,(2008四川资阳三模)It is widely accepted that _ beautiful is always _ joy to ever
25、yone.Aa;a B/;theCthe;/Dthe;a解析：句意：每个人看到美的事物都很愉快已普遍被人们所接受。the形容词或者分词表示“一类人或者物”；joy“欢乐，喜悦，快乐，乐事，乐趣”，是可数名词。所以此题答案只有D项正确。答案：D,(2007全国)Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons please?Sorry，we dont have _ Johnson here in the village.Athe;the Bthe;aC/;the Dthe;/,解析：在姓氏的复数前面必须要加the，来表示这一家。在第二句中，我们村没有叫Johnson
26、的，这里应该是泛指，所以应该用a，所以本题的答案是B。答案：B,(江西八校联考)_ Premier Wen Jiabao delivered _ Annual Report at the opening meeting of _ National Peoples Congress on March 5th,2009.A/;the;the BThe;the;theCThe;/;the D/;/;the,解析：考查冠词。第一空为称谓，其前不加冠词。第二、三空分别为专有名词，且the Annual Report年度报告；the National Peoples Congress“全国人民代表大会”。
27、综上选A。,(南通调研)What lessons China can draw from _ global financial crisis has become _ hot topic among us students.Athe;a B/;aCa;the D/;the解析：考查冠词。第一空指“全球金融危机”，选the；第二空指“一个热门话题”为泛指。故选A。答案：A,(2008启东中学)Much to the disappointment of the neighboring countries，the Japanese government refuses to admit _ crim
28、e they did in _ World War in the history.Athe;the B/;theC/;/Dthe;/解析：第一个空后面的名词含有定语从句，其意表特指，需填定冠词。第二个空后是由普通名词数词构成的专有名词，其前不用冠词。答案：D,可能这样考Tom likes playing _basketball while his sister likes playing_ piano.A/;/Bthe;theC/;the Dthe;/解析：球类不加the，乐器加the。答案：C,(江苏武进区四校联考)At noon we reached _ small village to
29、_ east of _ Summer Palace.Athe;the;the Ba;/;theCa;the;/Da;/;/,解析：中午，我们到达了位于颐和园以东的那个小村庄答案：A,(浙江嘉兴)Shenzhou，_ countrys third manned spaceship，was launched successfully on September 25,2008 in _ northwest of Gansu Province，China.Aa;/Bthe;theCthe;/Da;the答案：B,这样考过(2008浙江)_apple fell from the tree and hit
30、 him on _head.AAn;the BThe;theCAn;/DThe;/解析：句意：一个苹果从树上落下，砸在他的头上。第一空泛指一个苹果，应用不定冠词an；“动词sb.介词the身体某一部位”为固定句式，故第二空用the。答案：A,11固定搭配：in the evening在晚上by the way顺便问一下at the moment此时in the end最后on the whole总的来说by the hour按小时to the point切题in the distance在远处,这样考过(全国)Lets go to _ cinemathatll take your mind o
31、ff the problem for _ while.Athe;the Bthe;aCa;the Da;a解析：句意：让我们去看场电影吧那将会让你暂时放下头脑中的问题。go to the cinema为固定搭配，意为“去看场电影”；第二空for a while为固定搭配。答案：B,(宜春期末)The tour will provide _ unique opportunity for you to live with British family for a week in _ hope that you will have a better understanding of the UK.A
32、a;/Ban;/Ca;the Dan;the,解析：考查冠词。provide a unique opportunity“提供一个特别的机会”，注意形容词unique的发音，不是元音开头，故用a；in the hope“怀着希望”，为固定搭配，故选C。答案：C,定冠词的基本用法：顺口溜：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器。用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前；用于表示江、河、湖、海、山脉、岛屿、国家的名词前。,归 纳 总 结,规则1：方位名词east,west,south,north,left,right,front,middle前都要用定冠词the，如：He li
33、ves in the north.特别提醒：这些方位名词作副词用时不加冠词He was then heading east for the school farm.他当时正朝东向学校农场走去。规则2：定冠词用于姓氏名称的复数前，表示“一家人或夫妇俩”。如 The Smiths live in the apartment above ours.,定冠词(the),归 纳 总 结,规则3：by 和计量单位名词连用时，名词前要用冠词the；例如：by the yard/the meter/the dozen/the month/the year/the hour，如：He pays the rent
34、 by the month.但如果该名词为不可数名词时，则不用冠词。如：by weight/volume(体积）/area(面积）。规则4：当西洋乐器名称作play的宾语时，名词前必须加定 冠词the，如：She is good at playing the piano.规则5：名词由短语或定语从句修饰而成为特指时要加定冠词the；但是，修饰以后仍然是泛指时就不能用定冠词。如：She is the woman who looked like your aunt.This morning I saw a woman who looked like your aunt.,归 纳 总 结,规则6：“
35、the 可数名词单数”表示发明物，如：Do you know who invented the telephone?规则7：用于某些介词短语中指身体的某个部分(介词the身体部位)，如：We caught him by the arm.规则8：另外独一无二的名词、江河湖海(山脉、群岛、海湾、海峡)等地理名词、形容词和副词最高级及某些含有普通名词的专有名词(国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等)前要用定冠词，如：He looked up at the stars in the sky.The Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea.,零冠词的用法,规则
36、1,规则2,不可数名词、复数名词表示泛指；名词前有this/that/my/some/each/no/any/kind of等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词以及名词所有格等限定词作定语时不用冠词。,街名、公园名、广场名和大学名前不加冠词；在表示一日三餐、棋类和球类运动的名词前不用冠词，季节、月份、星期、学科和节日的名词等前一般不用冠词。但如果指具体某年的某个季节，须用定冠词:如 in spring在春天；in the spring of the year 2011.2011年的春天。用Day表达的节日前不用冠词，但用Festival表达的节日前通常加the,如“the Spring Festiv
37、al”.Techers Day.This happened on a Sunday toward the end of June.We had a wonderful lunch in the home of Mr Wang.,规则3,称呼语、表示职位的名词、表示家庭成员的名词。表示独一无二的职位、职务、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时不用冠词。Tom was made monitor for this month.,规则4,系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词，但若有形容作定语修饰名词时，则必须用不定冠词。The young worker has turned writer.Sh
38、e has turned a successful singer.,规则5,as或though引导的倒装句中，作表语的单数可数名词置于句首时，习惯上使用零冠词。Child as he is,he knows a great deal.,规则6,某些独立主格结构中的名词前不用冠词。The teacher came in,book in hand.,两个名词并列表示同一概念时，第二个名词不用冠词。a writer and translator 一名作家兼翻译家A writer and a translator 一名作家和一名翻译,固定搭配：,规则7,“by名词”结构表通讯，交通方式，名词用单数，且
39、前面不用冠词。by bike/car/train;on foot.,规则8,规则9,no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。no such coin has been found in this area.,规则10,这样考过(北京东城区)Have you read _ todays news？The price of _ houses has slightly gone down.Athe;the B/;theCthe;/D/;/,解析：第一空中已有定语todays，故不填定冠词，更不填不定冠词，因news为不可数名词；第二空“房价”泛指。答案：D,(盐城调研)We
40、lcome to T；here are _ tips on taking part，but to join in，all you need to do is add _ comment.A/;/B/;aC/;the Dthe;/解析：由句意知第一空格处不填冠词，因tips表泛指；第二空格处填一表泛指的不定冠词。故选B。答案：B,这样考过(漳州质检)Because _ unemployment is very high at present；its not easy for a fresh graduate to find _ satisfying job as he wishes.Athe;/
41、B/;a Cthe;a Dan;the,解析：句中第一空unemployment“失业率”为抽象名词，其前不加冠词；a job“一份工作”为泛指，其前加不定冠词。故选B。句意：由于目前失业率很高，大学毕业生很难找到一份称心如意的工作。答案：B,(江西)Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world.A/;the Bthe;/Can;the Dthe;a解析：句意：一些人害怕空气污染可能会引起世界气候的变化。第一空后的air pollution为抽象名词，表泛指
42、概念，故用零冠词；第二空后的不可数名词weather后有修饰短语around the world，表特指用定冠词。答案：A,这样考过(浙江五校联考)I was told that _ 1015 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach _ Fudan University.Athe;/Bthe;aCa;the D/;the,解析：第一空为特指1015的航班，用the；第二空为专有名词，不需冠词。难度适中。答案：A,这样考过(玉林、南宁联考)Of all the subjects，I like _ history the best bec
43、ause it gives us _ useful knowledge of things in the past.Athe;a B/;aCa;the Da;/,解析：科目前不加冠词，knowledge为不可数名词，但用来表示某一门具体知识时，其前加不定冠词，故选B。答案：B,(开封模拟)Do you know _ speaker of _ Chinese language also has difficulty in learning _ Japanese?Athe;the;a Ba;the;/Cthe;the;the Da;/;the解析：“a”为泛指，“the”为特指，许多特殊名词前无需
44、定冠词，比如某种具体语言，“Japanese”在句中的意义为“日语”，仅凭这一点，可排除A、C、D。答案：B,这样考过(南京调研)Jacques Rogge，_ president of the IOC，delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of_ Beijing Olympic Games on Aug.8,2008.A/;the Bthe;theCthe;/D/;/答案：A,这样考过(2007石家庄)Zhouzhou is _ success，_ disabled child as he is.Aa;the Ba;/Cthe;a Dthe;t
45、he,解析：success用作可数名词表示“一个成功的人/事”；将表语放在as之前，如果表语是单数名词，其前边常用零冠词。答案：B,8固定搭配：day and night日夜from morning till night从早到晚father and son父子face to face面对面step by step逐渐地by land由陆路catch fire着火in space在太空,这样考过(湖南十二校联考)It is thought that now that Obama is safely in _ office，he is trying to appeal to younger Ame
46、ricans once morewith some help from _hairdresser.Athe;the Ban;aC/;a Dthe;/,解析：固定搭配：in office“任职”；a hairdresser表泛指，故选C。答案：C,(北京海淀区)By _ nature，you are an adventurer，full of amazement and curiosity about _ world bigger than life itself.Aa;the Bthe;theC/;a Dthe;/解析：by nature是习惯用法，意为从本质意义上来说，后面world指一个的
47、世界，故用a。答案：C,(北京石景山区)Pass me _ exercisebook on the shelf.I want to keep _ diary from now on.Aa;a Bthe;aCthe;/Dan;a解析：“架子上的练习册”为特指，故用“the”，“写日记”为固定搭配keep a diary。答案：B,冠词固定搭配：at a time 每次 once upon a time从前make a fool of oneself 出洋相an hour or two 一两个小时take a bath 洗澡 a great many很多have a walk 散步 as a ru
48、le照例,take an interest in对产生兴趣make a living谋生 make a fire 生火have a smoke抽支烟as a matter of fact事实上as a whole全部地，整体,固定搭配：in the evening 在晚上 in the end 最后by the way 顺便问一下at the moment 此时 on the whole 总的来说by the hour 按小时 to the point 切题in the distance 在远处the other day 不久前的某一天out of the question 不可能（out o
49、f question 没问题）,固定搭配：day and night 日夜 from morning till night 从早到晚 father and son 父子 by car/bus face to face面对面 arm in arm（手挽手）hand in hand（手牵手）side by side（肩对肩）step by step逐渐地 by land由陆路catch fire着火 catch sight of 看见in space在太空 in trouble 在困境中 in bath 洗澡 watch TV 看电视go to school/college/university/
50、church/hospitalin+n.+of honour/memory/need/time/search/charge/favour/sight,1John，there is_Mr.Wilson on the phone for you.Im in_bath.Aa;the B/;a Ca;/Dthe;/答案与解析：Ca Mr.Wilson表示有个叫Wilson的人，是泛指；in bath是一固定搭配，表示正在洗澡。,2According to the recent reports，one of rare animals，_crocodile，is in_danger of dying ou
