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1、VENTILATING POULTRY HOUSES DURING COLD WEATHER 冬季鸡舍通风YANTAIBernard Green,Why We Ventilate 为什么要通风,We ventilate to:通风是为了:Create an air exchange 空气交换Control moisture levels(relative humidity/RH)控制湿度Supply oxygen提供氧气Remove harmful gases(CO,CO,NH)排出有害气体Control the heat load 控制热量积聚Control the bird effecti
2、ve temperature 控制鸡群体感温度Combination of temperature,relative humidity,air speed,bird age 温度、湿度、风速及鸡的年龄综合作用Always ventilate to achieve and maintain BIRD COMFORT 通风始终要达到并保持鸡群舒适,How We Ventilate 如何进行通风,At or below set point temperature minimum ventilation 低于设定温度-最小通风Regardless of outside temperature,a ce
3、rtain amount of fresh air must be brought into the house 无论外界温度如何，鸡舍都要有一定的新鲜空气进入Maintain air quality 保持空气质量Maintain floor/house temperature 保持垫料及鸡舍温度Bird comfort is achieved through maintaining good temperature control 保持鸡舍温度稳定使鸡群舒适No air movement at bird level 鸡群高度位置没有风速Fans operate on a cycle time
4、r 风机通过循环定时钟控制,How We Ventilate 如何进行通风,Above set point temperature transition and tunnel ventilation 高于设定温度-过渡通风和纵向通风Fans run continuously 风机持续运转Higher rate of ventilation 通风量较大Remove bird heat from the house 排出鸡群产生的热量Tunnel Ventilation-cool the birds with air movement(windchill)纵向通风 通过空气流动降低鸡群温度Pad
5、cooling assists tunnel ventilation by cooling the air 湿帘冷却-通过冷却空气提高纵向通风效果Bird comfort is priority!鸡群舒适最重要！,When Do We Use Min Vent?什么时候采用最小通风,It can be used summer and winter 可以在夏季及冬季使用It is used anytime the actual house temperature is below the required set point temperature for the birds 鸡舍温度低于理想的
6、设定温度时就可以使用It is used when trying to maintain temperature,but still putting the least amount of fresh air possible to maintain good air quality 为了保持温度但是还需要一定的新鲜空气进入鸡舍一保持空气质量When the house temperature goes above the required set point temperature,then it is no longer in minimum ventilation mode 当鸡舍的温度
7、超过设定的要求温度时，就不再进行最小通风,Set Point Temperature设定温度,Minimum Ventilation 最小通风,Transition and Tunnel Ventilation 过渡及纵向通风,Bird Requirements 鸡只需求,Warm floor during brooding 育雏时温暖的地面Good temperature control 良好的温度控制Good air quality(oxygen)良好的空气质量No temperature fluctuations 温度没有波动No drafts 没有贼风No environmental
8、stresses 没有环境应激It doesnt matter what type of housing you have!不管是什么类型的鸡舍These are the bird requirements and somehow you must provide them 这是鸡的需求，你必须提供给它们Closed environment houses are better equipped to provide this 密闭鸡舍的良好设备能更好地提供这些要求,Your House The Starting Point 鸡舍 是基础,The“quality”of the house can
9、 make or break any ventilation system 鸡舍的“质量”可以运行或破坏任何通风系统的运行Regardless of the type of ventilation system,it is important to SEAL THE HOUSE 无论何种通风方式，密闭鸡舍非常重要Gives better control over what is happening inside 对于鸡舍内部情况能够更好的控制Reduces the effect of outside conditions 减少外界条件的影响Gives you more control over
10、 the incoming air 更好地控制新鲜空气的进入Roof insulation plays a key role 屋顶隔热性能起到关键的作用A good house is:好的鸡舍是：Well sealed,air tight 密闭良好，无漏风Well insulated 隔热性能良好,Minimum House Pressure Based on Fan Capacity and House Size 基于鸡舍大小及风机通风量的最小负压,Problems With Poorly Sealed Houses 鸡舍密闭性能差造成的问题,Cold floors due to draft
11、s 因贼风而造成较凉的地面Cold drafts onto the chicks/birds 冷的贼风吹到鸡体身上More difficult to maintain temperature in winter 冬季保温更难More difficult to ventilate effectively in winter 冬季难以进行有效通风Stress,stocking density,uniformity,health,poor start 应激，密度，均匀度，健康，开端差Cold drafts onto the heater probe 冷的贼风吹到温度探头Heat loss throu
12、gh the cracks and openings 热量丢失No mixing of cold incoming air with warm inside air 冷热空气不能很好混合Unable to access the heat in the peak of the roof 没有利用到屋顶的热量High heating costs,cant maintain temperature 保温成本高，不能保持温度,Poor Sealing 密闭差,Always seal from outside 始终从外侧进行密闭,Cold Air Leakage at Catching Door 冷空气
13、从门的漏缝处进入,Sealed vs.Unsealed Side Wall 密闭好和密闭差的鸡舍侧墙,Chick Spread Uninsulated,Poor Seal 鸡群分布 隔热差，密闭不好,Chick Spread Insulated,Sealed 鸡群分布-隔热性能好，密闭良好,House Leakage 鸡舍漏风,Curtain Leakage on a Windy Day 大风天时卷帘漏风,Air Leakage Through a Poorly Sealed Curtain 卷帘密闭差时的鸡舍漏风,Managing HousesThat Are Not“Air Tight”漏
14、风鸡舍的管理,SEAL THE HOUSE!密闭鸡舍！!Minimal cost,huge impact 最低成本，巨大的影响Make sure tunnel inlets can seal tight 确保纵向进风口密闭Make sure curtains seal 确保卷帘密闭Seal around doors 密闭门窗Seal all unused fans 密闭不使用的风机Seal around inlets 进风口四周密闭Seal all joints in the roof 屋顶结合处密闭Seal drainage holes 密闭下水孔This will give you(mor
15、e)control over the incoming air 这将会更好地控制进入鸡舍的新鲜空气,Heating 加热,Make sure there is MORE than enough heating capacity 确保鸡舍足够的加热能力More often results in lower total consumption 能量消耗反而会少 Ensure good,even distribution of the heat 确保加热量、设施分布均匀Be cautious when using circulation/stir fans 使用循环风机或搅拌风扇时要小心Someti
16、mes they create drafts at bird level 有时会产生贼风Preheat the house for at least 2-3 days 鸡舍预热2-3天Make sure floors are warm before chicks arrive(min 30C)确保雏鸡到达时的地面温度（最低30C）,“Quick Fix”Minimum Ventilation“快速解决”最小通风,Fan jet system 风机送风系统Air cannons and“pressure inlets”are a cost effective“quick fix”for hous
17、es without minimum ventilation 通风管和负压进风口对于没有最小通风系统的鸡舍能以较低的成本有效地进行通风Air cannons are not the ultimate solution 通风管不是最终方法The volume of air they supply is too small 进风量太小Circulation fans can help to distribute heat(but they are NOT a substitute for minimum ventilation)循环风机能有助于使热量分布均匀（但是也不能代替最小通风）,Fan Je
18、t 风机送风,Fan Jet 风机送风,Inlet Damper进风口风门,Fan Jet System 风机送风系统,Fan Jet System 送风系统,Advantages:优点“Positive pressure”system 正压通风系统House does not have to be extremely well sealed 鸡舍不必密闭非常好Fan jet runs continuously good mixing of air and heat 送风风机连续运转 空气和热量混合良好Incoming air directed up away from birds 进入的新鲜
19、空气气流向上，远离鸡群高度Heating system can be located at FJ for distribution 加热系统可以置于送风系统内以使热量均匀分布Relatively cheap system 相对经济的系统Disadvantages:缺点May not be able to provide enough min vent for whole cycle(depends on stocking density,weight)整个循环周期内也许不能提供足够的最小通风量（取决于饲养密度，体重）Tube is biosecurity risk must be well c
20、leaned 管道有生物安全的风险 必须很好清洗,Air Cannons 通风管,Pressure Balanced Inlet 压力调节进风口,Air Cannons,Pressure Inlets 通风管，负压进风口,Advantages:优点Quite an effective minimum ventilation system 比较有效的最小通风系统Fairly cost effective cheap“inlets”(90mm pipe)成本低 进风口便宜Curtains stay closed 卷帘一直关闭Mixes incoming air with warm house ai
21、r 新鲜空气和暖空气混合Disadvantages:缺点System works on negative pressure,so 系统以负压方式工作House must be well sealed,or else 鸡舍必须密闭良好House may get colder than before,chicks more stressed 鸡舍温度可能比以前低，鸡群应激较大Do not take this approach unless house can be well sealed 鸡舍密闭不好时不要采用这种方法Requires ventilation controller or cycle
22、 timer 需要通风控制系统或定时钟,Bringing in Cold Air 冷空气进入鸡舍,Negative Pressure VentilationClosed Environment Houses负压通风，密闭式鸡舍,What is Negative Pressure?什么是负压？,When a fan tries to extract more air from a house than is allowed to enter the house 当风机需要排出的空气比进入的空气多时When this happens air rushes in through inlets to
23、replace the exhausted air 工作时，空气从进风口快速进入以替换排出去的空气Just because a fan is running,doesnt mean there is a negative pressure 仅有风机运转时，并不一定是负压,Why Is It Important?为什么很重要？,With negative pressure,air enters evenly through every inlet 负压时，空气均匀地进入鸡舍If your house leaks,it also comes through all the leaks!如果鸡舍漏风
24、，空气也可从漏缝处进入By spreading inlets evenly can get even fresh air distribution 进风口分布均匀，空气进入也均匀By restricting inlet size,can regulate incoming air speed 调节进风口大小，可以调节空气进入速度Control over how far the air goes into the house 控制空气以何种方式进入鸡舍,Air should go to the middle(peak)of the roof 空气应该进入到鸡舍屋顶中间Higher incomin
25、g speed allows better mixing 风速快，混合更好Pressure determines the incoming air speed 负压决定风速High pressure high air speed 负压高，风速快Low pressure low air speed 负压低，风速慢The wider the house higher the pressure 鸡舍越宽，负压要求越大By using pressure,we can put the air where we want it 利用负压，我们能够使空气以需要的方式进入鸡舍,Why Is It Import
26、ant?为什么很重要？,Air Movement Based on Pressure 不同负压情况下的空气流动,Low Pressure 负压低,Bit higher高一点,Higher 又高一点,Just right 刚好,Negative Pressure vs House Width 负压和鸡舍宽度,The following is a rough guide for the negative pressure at different house widths 不同宽度鸡舍的负压参考House Width鸡舍宽度perating Pressure 工作负压10m10Pa12m13Pa1
27、4m15Pa15m20Pa18m25PaNote:The above is only a guide.Actual operating pressure may vary depending on the type of inlet and shape and angle of the ceiling/roof,etc.,Minimum Ventilation System 最小通风系统,Cross ventilation is most successful 横向通风最成功Fans and inlets located in the side walls 风机/进风口置于侧墙上Hot air
28、 gathers in the peak of the roof 热空气积聚在鸡舍屋顶Fans operate on a cycle timer 风机以定时钟控制运转Pressure controlled side wall inlets direct cold air to peak负压控制侧墙进风口，调节冷空气到达鸡舍中间Cold,moist air mixes and pushes hot,dry air down 冷而湿的空气与暖空气混合，迫使暖而干的空气向下Distributes fresh,warm air 新鲜而较暖的空气均匀分布Low air movement at bird
29、level(0,25ms-1)鸡群位置空气风速很低,Cross Ventilation 横向通风,10%RH,100%RH,30%RH,Inlet Air Flow 进风口气流方向,“Seeing”Air Movement“可见的”空气流动,Pressure low,Pressure better,but still low,Pressure right,Pressure too high,Length of cassette tape 150mmWe want to see if air is along ceilingIf tape is too long,can be misleadin
30、g,“Seeing”Air Movement“可见的”空气流动,Minimum Ventilation Air Inlets 最小通风进风口,An inlet is NOT just a hole in the wall 进风口并不仅仅是墙上的洞In my opinion its the most important piece of ventilation equipment 我认为是最重要的通风部件What Makes A Good Inlet:好的进风口：Seals well when closed 关闭时密闭良好Door recessed/positioned into frame 风
31、门置于内侧Insulated door 风门隔热性能良好Directs air well 能很好地调节气流Has Air Direction Plate to guide air flow into house 带有导流板Ability to manage which inlets are being used 具有调节哪些进风口可以使用的能力Take care when choosing new inlets!选择进风口时应慎重Choosing inlets for your house is an important decision 重要的决定,Hooks To StageInlet O
32、pening 挂钩,Importance of Air Direction Plates 导流板的重要性,Not a good inlet 不是好的进风口 Door not recessed风门不是内置 No air direction plate无导流板 Directs air straight up 空气直接向上 No system to lock inlet closed 关闭时没有锁扣Poor control of incoming air进入的空气不能控制,Not a good inlet 不是好的进风口This Inlet Type Must Be Manually“Locked”
33、Closed 这种进风口必须人工关闭Poor control of incoming air 进入的空气不能控制,Example of a BAD inlet 不是好的进风口,Controlled Air Flow 可控的空气流动方向,Air Flow Through“Older”Type InletAir Flow Not Well Controlled 老式的进风口，气流不能很好控制,Managing Minimum Ventilation Air Inlets 进风口管理,Setting Air Inlets 进风口设定Inlets should open min 4-5cm durin
34、g minimum ventilation 最小通风时，进风口至少开启4-5厘米Having fewer inlets opening correct amount is better than too many opening only a little 用少量进风口、开启大小合适要比使用大量进风口、开启太小更好Inlets must open equally 进风口开启大小必须一致Inlets in use must be evenly distributed 使用的进风口必须均匀分布Must operate on static pressure 必须通过负压控制Good Air Flow
35、=(Opening 4cm)+(Pressure)正确的空气流动=（开启4厘米以上）+（负压）,The Most Critical Part Of Your Minimum Ventilation System?最小通风系统最关键的部分？,If the tunnel inlet does not close tight,your minimum ventilation system will not function properly 如果纵向进风口不能密闭，最小通风就不能够很好地运行,Management/Stockmanship 管理,The above is not worth much
36、 without good management 如果没有很好的管理，上述这些就没有价值可言Manager is link between birds and ventilation system 管理人员是鸡群和通风系统的连接纽带Must be able to“read”bird behaviour and other signs 必须懂得“阅读”鸡群的行为和其它表现Must be able to adjust vent to satisfy bird requirement 必须能够只满足鸡群的需求进行通风There is NO ventilation system that does n
37、ot require management 没有一种通风系统是不需要管理的Training and education about new equipment and technology is very important!对于新设备和新技术的培训非常重要！,Minimum Ventilation Rate 最小通风量,Theoretical/calculated rates are only a guide!理论/计算的数值只能作参考The right minimum rate is critical for bird performance and to minimise heat co
38、nsumption 正确的最小通风量是鸡群生产性能和最小保温成本的关键Under ventilation bird performance is compromised 通风不足 鸡群生产性能受影响Over ventilation excessive heat consumption,dry house,possible drafts on birds 通风量过大 加热成本高，鸡舍干燥，可能造成贼风Evaluate your minimum ventilation setting every day 每天评估最小通风量的设定Minimum ventilation fans should ope
39、rate on a cycle timer 最小通风风机应该由定时钟控制,Example of Minimum Ventilation Rate 最小通风量举例,Example Calculation 计算举例,Assume:假设Bird weight=800g;10 000 birds 体重=800克，10000只鸡Ventilation“factor”=0,594m/hr/kg 通风系数=0,594m/hr/kg Calculation:计算Ventilation=10 000 x 0,594m/hr/bird=5 940m/hrCycle Timer Setting:定时钟设定5 min
40、ute cycle;1 x fan 20 000m/hr(example)5分钟循环Time ON=(5 940 x 5)(1 x 20 000)=1,6 minutesTime ON=1 min 36 secTime OFF=3 min 24 secNote:This is an example on how to perform the calculation,and does not necessarily suggest that the“Ventilation Factor”used above is theonly way to calculate minimum ventilat
41、ion,Evaluating Minimum Ventilation 最小通风评估,The only way is by visiting the house 只有一种方式：进鸡舍Done preferably first thing each morning 每天早上的第一件事Evaluate in the first 30-60 seconds:刚进入鸡舍30-60秒时评估Bird comfort,spread,activity 鸡群的舒适度，分布，活动“Stuffiness”“闷”Humidity level 湿度Ammonia 氨气Condensation/sweating(walls
42、,drinker pipes,steel)冷凝水“AIR QUALITY”“空气质量”What you feel in first 30-60 seconds is what the chicken lived with all night 进鸡舍后前30-60秒的感觉就是鸡群整晚所处的环境“Purging”the house in the morning is unacceptable 早晨大量通风不可取(Purging running many fans to clear the air),Evaluating Minimum Ventilation 评估最小通风,Always ask y
43、ourself:经常问自己：Is the air quality and house conditions acceptable?空气质量和鸡舍条件是否可接受？If not,then you need to increase the minimum rate 如果不能接受，增加最小通风量Is it too fresh?空气是否太好？If so,then you could be ventilating more than you need to 如果是，则通风量太多This will use more heat 这将浪费热量Could cause cold drafts on the chic
44、ks 可能造成贼风,Remember!切记！,House sealing is critical and non negotiable 鸡舍密闭最关键，没有商量的余地Minimum ventilation(cycle timer)determines how much fresh air you bring into the house(air quality)最小通风量（定时钟设定）决定了有多少新鲜空气进入鸡舍（空气质量）Pressure is used to make the air go where you want it to when it enters the house 负压是控
45、制进入鸡舍的新鲜空气以何种方式进入,Summary 总结,Seal the house as tight as possible 尽可能密闭鸡舍Make sure there is more than enough heating capacity,and evenly distributed 加热能力要足够，分布均匀Choose minimum/side wall inlets very carefully 小心挑选最小进风口Make sure there are enough inlets for transitional ventilation 确保有足够数量的进风口以满足过渡通风的需要Install side wall inlets correctly 正确安装进风口Ensure inlets are correctly set up and managed 确保正确设定与管理进风口Inlets MUST operate based on negative pressure 进风口必须通过负压操作Operate minimum fans on a cycle timer 最小通风风机由定时钟控制运转Manage the cycle timer for good air quality 管理好定时钟设定，确保空气质量,THANK YOU 谢谢,
