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1、Grammar,The Attributive Clause 定语从句,基本概念:,You can choose a shampoo that/which suits your type of hair.,Noun(Pron.)+Conj.+ClauseYou can choose a shampoo that/which suits your type of hair.,定语从句的基本结构,注意点：,1.一般而言，定语从句紧跟在先行词之后。2.关系词取代先行词在定语从句中的成分,即关系词在定语从句中要担当句子成分。You can choose a shampoo that suits you
2、r type of hair.,你可以选择一种适合自己发型的洗发水。,引导定语从句的关系词,关系代词,who，whomwhosewhichthat,指代人,指代事物,指人/物（所属关系）,可替代who,whom,which,who 的用法:,经常指代人，在从句中用作主语,不能省略。Noun(Pron.)+who+从句,The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.,The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.,The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语),The boy who has a round face
3、is Tom.,The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.,The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.,whom的用法：经常指代人，在从句中用作宾语,可以省略。Noun(Pron.)+(whom)+从句,The man is kind.Everyone likes him.,The man(whom)everyone likes is kind.(宾语),The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.,The woman(whom)we saw on the street go
4、t the job.,The teacher will give us a talk.We met the teacher yesterday.,The teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.,当先行词是those,she,he,they等代词时,关系代词用who.Those who were late for class raise your hands.,which 的用法:,1、经常指代物，在从句中用作主语或者宾语;2、用作主语不能省略，用作宾语可以省略。Noun(Pron.)+which+从句,Mrs.Clark is an
5、gry with the cat.The cat is eating her fish.,Mrs.Clark is angry with the cat which is eating her fish.,Can you lend me the book?You talked about it last night.,Can you lend me the book(which)you talked about last night.,whose 的用法:,1、经常指代人或物，在从句中用作定语;2、通常不能省略。Noun(Pron.)+whose+Noun+从句,关系代词whose 作定语,1
6、.Do you know the man?2.The mans watch is missing.,Do you know the man whose watch is missing?,He bought a house whose windows face south.,He bought a house.The houses windows face south.,Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?,He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.,Tha
7、t的用法:,That可以相应的取代who,whom,which在定语从句中的地位。1.The boy who/that is smiling is Tom.2.The man(whom)/(that)everyone likes is kind.3.Mrs.Clark is angry with the cat which/that is eating her fish.4.Do you find the pen(which)/(that)I wrote with just now?,练一练,1.Yesterday I met Mr Li_ told me the whole matter.2
8、.This is the man_ daughter is in my class.3.The book _ they sent me is very good.,who/that,whose,which/that/-,只用that 不用which的集中情况：,注意！,1.当先行词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,1.This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.2.The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.,2.先行词前有表示唯一概念的词修饰时,如the v
9、ery,the last,the only等.,1.The Great Wall is the last place that Mr.Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.2.This is the very book that I am looking for.,3.先行词是all,any,everything,anything,nothing,something,much,little,few,none,the one,等不定代词时,There is much that should be used.Thats all that
10、he said.3.All that glitters is not gold.,或先行词被all,any,no,only,little,much,very,every,some,few,none 等修饰时,I have read all the books(that)you gave me.Every dictionary that our library bought is good.,4.当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的词时,We talked of the things and persons that we remembered.,5.在以 which,who作主语的特殊疑问句中的定语
11、从句中,习惯上不用Whowho/Whichwhich结构,Who is the man that is reading a book there?Which is the magazine that you borrowed from the reading room?,7.当先行词在定语从句中做表语时,无论先行词是人还是物,China is no longer the country that she was.,介词后跟关系代词的注意点：介词后只能跟which/whom,不能跟that,即不能出现in that等类似的结构,Do you find the pen which I wrote
12、with just now?Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?注意：This is the pen which I am looking for.Miss Li is the teacher whom he talked with just now.She has three sons whom she has to take care of.,who主语，指人，不省略 人 whom 指人，宾语，可省略关 whose 指人/物，定语,不可省略系 物 which,指物，主语，不省略,指物，宾语，可省略,that,可替代who,whom
13、,which,1.You may take anything useful _ you want.2.This is the very book_ I m looking for.3.This is the only thing _ we can do.4.We should do all _is useful to the people.,练一练,that,that,that,that,1.He _plays with fire gets burst.A.Who B.which C.that D.whose 2.I didnt believe them at first but in fac
14、t everything _was true.A.that they said B.what they said C.whose they said D.which they said,练一练！,3.She heard a terrible noise_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D./4.Have you found the woman_ purse was lost?A.her B.of which C.that D.whose,5.Mr.Smith is the only one of those forei
15、gners who_ in China.A.work B.is working C.are working D.had working 6.All _can be done has been done.A.Which B.that C.what D.who,7.When he came back from abroad,John told his parents about the cities and the people _ he had visited.A.who B.which C.where D.that8.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyo
16、ne_ family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose,基础知识,引导定语从句的关系词,关系副词,whenwhere why,表时间,表地点,表原因,when 的用法,1、经常指时间，在从句中用作状语;2、这个结构通常不能省略。3、when=prep+which(in/at/onwhich)Noun+when+从句,His father died in the year.He was born in the year.,His father died in the year when he was born.,Ill never forg
17、et the day.I joined the army that day.,Ill never forget the day when I joined the army.,in which,on which,Where的用法,1、经常指地点，在从句中用作状语;2、这个结构通常不能省略。3、where=prep+which(in/at/onwhich)Noun+where+从句,I have visited this house.Lu Xun once lived in the house.-I have visited this house where/in which Lu Xun on
18、ce lived.This is a car factory.My father worked in the car factory last year.-This is the car factory in which/where my father once worked last year.,Why 的用法1、经常指原因，在从句中用作状语;2、这个结构通常不能省略。3、why=for+which Noun+why+从句,Is this the reason?For the reason he refused our offer.,Is this the reason why he ref
19、used our offer?,I know the reason why she was late.,I know the reason.She was late for the reason.,for which,for which,1.Ill never forget the weeks_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten y
20、ears ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when/in which,which,where/in which,which,why/for which,that/which,几种易混的情况,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.,非限制性定语从句的两个特点：主句与从句之间用逗号隔开的；不能用关系代词thate.g.1.Sha
21、nghai,where I live now,is an international city.2.I am reading a detective book,which is my favorite one.,Which引导的非限制性定语从句，就可以修饰一个先行词，也可以修饰整个主句所讲的情况或部分情况。He did not finish the homework,which made the teacher very angry.The teacher told Toms parents that he was always late for class,which made them v
22、ery worried.,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.,4.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them,that,1.I am reading Harry Porter,_is an interesting book.,which,6.He h
23、as two sons,and both of them teachers.,He failed in the exam and this made his parents angry.,as 引导的非限制性定语从句,The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.,It,which/as,As,It,as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是
24、固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected,定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的定语从句The sameasSuchas,This is the same pen as I lost.He is such a man as I can trust.注意：This is the same dress as I wore last night.This is the same dress that I wore last night.,as 引导的限制性定语从句(2),This is such an interesting
25、 book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences and compare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),1.The earth is round,_ i
26、s known to all.,2._ is known to all,the earth is round,which,/as,As,结论:as,which均可引导非限制性定语从句,as 引导的从句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有“如.，正象”之意，与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,point out等，常用被动结构如as is announced(据宣布）；as is reported（据报道）；as is expected(正如所期待/料想的那样；不出所料）；as has been explained（正如所解释的那样）;,as may be imagined；
27、as is pointed out;as has been said before;as is mentioned above;as is shown;as is known to all,as we all know等;which引导的从句通常置句后。此外,the sameas，such.as.中as引导的是限制性定语从句.,Is this the house _ you are looking for?which b.in which,Pay attention to the following:,Is this house _ you are looking for?which b.the one,定语从句中的动词的数,He is the only one in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise He is one of the students in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise,has,have,关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词,
