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1、定语处理,定语翻译,汉语的定语一般都是前置的，即使连用几个，也层层叠叠在名词前面。而英语一般将单个词的定语放在前面，较长的修饰语一般是后置的。,单词定语后置的特殊情况,特殊情况下，单词作定语必须放在所修饰的名词之后。修饰的名词是由some,any,every,no等构成的复合代词，定语要后置。今天报上有什么重要消息吗？Is there anything important in todays paper?咱们到一个安静的地方去。Lets go somewhere quiet.这是稀世珍品。It is something rare in the world.,单词定语后置的特殊情况,通常作表语用
2、的形容词，作定语时必须后置。他是当今最伟大的诗人。He is the greatest poet alive.到场的来宾中有一些外国记者。The guests present included a few foreign newsmen.,单词定语后置的特殊情况,在某些固定词组中，单个形容词用作定语时，习惯上放在所修饰的词后面。军事法庭 Court Martial（联合国）秘书长 Secretary General(of the U.N.)（世界卫生组织）总干事 Director-General(of the WHO)当选（而尚未就职的）总统 the president elect,单词定语后
3、置的特殊情况,某些以-ible或-able结尾的形容词用作定语，与every,the only 或形容词最高级连用来修饰一个名词的，常放在修饰的名词之后。这是这儿能找到的唯一参考书。This is the only reference book available here.工人们努力以尽可能快的速度提高产量。The workers are working to increase production at the highest speed possible.这是能想得出的最好解决办法。This is the best solution imaginable.,多个词作定语,顺序调整后置修饰
4、平衡考虑,顺序调整,汉语中，越能说明事物本质的定语越是放在前面，而说明规模、程度等定语则靠近修饰的中心词。而英语恰好相反，越是说明事物本质的定语越是要接近它所修饰的名词，因此翻译时顺序需要调整。,顺序调整,社会主义的现代化强国a modern,powerful socialist country一位朝鲜的青年舞蹈家a young Korean dancer一张木制小圆桌a small round wooden table技术上的重大事故large-scale technological disasters一位中国现代优秀作家an outstanding contemporary Chinese
5、 writer,后置修饰：用介词短语,中国社会主义农业的改革和发展，从长远的观点看，要有两个飞跃。From a long-term point of view,the reform and development of agriculture in socialist China will proceed in two steps.,后置修饰：用介词短语,上海将建成经济、金融、贸易中心。Shanghai will become a center of economy,finance and trade.,后置修饰：用介词短语,我国进行了卓有成效的双边和多边外交活动。China has cond
6、ucted fruitful diplomatic activities in both bilateral and multilateral contexts.,后置修饰：用介词短语,这所学校的任务是培养德智体全面发展，能熟练运用外语从事外事和文化交流工作的合格人才。The university aims to train morally,intellectually and physically developed students with a good command of foreign languages and qualified for foreign affairs and
7、cultural exchange with foreign countries.,后置修饰：用分词短语或形容词短语,长达半公里的抗议游行队伍穿过了市中心。A protest march stretching for half a kilometer made its way through the city proper.,后置修饰：用分词短语或形容词短语,他们在这里修建了一座足以通过重型卡车的桥梁。They built up here a bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries.,后置修饰：用不定式短语,人们正在寻找净化空气、防止空气污染
8、的有效方法。People are trying to find efficient ways to protect the air from pollution and make it clean.,后置修饰：用不定式短语,他不是那种在别人背后不负责任乱说的人。He is not a man to make irresponsible remarks behind peoples back.,后置修饰：用定语从句,在一个注重家庭的社会里，离婚总使人们觉得不大好接受。Divorce is less acceptable in a society that is family-oriented.,
9、后置修饰：用同位语,我们要有一个农林牧副渔布局合理，全面发展，能够满足人民生活和工业发展需要的发达的农业。We need an advanced agriculture to meet the needs of people and an expanding industry,an agriculture with rational and all-round development of farming,forestry,animal husbandry,side-line production and fishery.,平衡考虑,英语强调的是尾重原则，也就是说句子前面不能过重，句尾部分不能
10、过短。因此，无论是较长的定语还是状语，都应通过句子结构转换而后移。用形式主语it用倒装结构用分隔结构,平衡考虑:用形式主语it,为国家的四化建设学好科学技术和英语是相当重要的。It is important to study English as well as science and technology for the four modernizations of our country.,平衡考虑:用形式主语it,走读生要在毕业时拿到两个学位是不大可能的。I find it impossible for a student who live off campus to get two c
11、ollege degrees by the time they will have graduated.,平衡考虑:用倒装结构,朱总理、中央及有关部委领导同志、在华外籍专家出席了宴会。Present at the banquet were Premier Zhu,leading figures of the central government and the relevant ministries and commissions,and foreign experts working in China.,平衡考虑:用倒装结构,我们中国人在世界上被人看不起的日子已一去不复返了。Gone for
12、ever are the days when we Chinese people had been looked down upon in the world.,平衡考虑:用分隔结构,什么时候突出地提出和解决这个问题，在什么基础上提出和解决这个问题，要研究。The matter requires study of when and on what basis we raise and settle this issue.,平衡考虑:用分隔结构,大城市里行路难，乘车难已成为人们普遍抱怨的问题。The problem has become a source of complaint of reaching their destinations either on foot or by bus for people in big cities.,
