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1、小升初总复习,作者：Emily,2,专题一 字母 一、概述 英语中有26个字母。其中有5个元音字母和剩余的20个辅音字母。Y y 为半元音字母,有时用作元音字母,有时用作辅音字母。小热身:1.按顺序默写出26个字母的大小写,并画出元音字母和半元音字母.2.根据你所掌握的字母知识,完成下列各题。(1)六个两笔完成的小写字母是 _，i,j,_,_,x(2)五个元音字母的大小写形式是 _,Ee,_,_,_(3)六个三笔完成的大写字母是 _,E,_,H,I,_ 字母大小写及读音 A a/ei/G g/d i:/M m/em/S s/es/Y y/wai/B b/bi:/H h/eit/N n/en/T
2、 t/ti:/Z z/zed/C c/si:/I I/ai/O o/U u/ju:/D d/di:/J j/dei/P p/pi:/V v/vi:/E e/i:/K k/kei/Q q/kju:/W w/dblju:/F f/ef/L l/el/R r/:/X x/eks/,3,二、字母的大写 英文句中首单词首字母要大写。例:How are you?人名中名和姓的首字母要大写。例:Jim Green,Wang Yadan 国名、城市名的首字母要大写。例:China,Zhengzhou 语言及民族首字母要大写。例:English,Chinese 职务或称呼的首字母要大写。例:Dr Wang,Mi
3、ss Li 专用名词的首字母要大写。例:Class Two,Grade Six 表示“我”的单词(主格),即“I”,无论在什么情况下都要大写。例:Lucy and I are friends,4,三、48个国际音标 元音音标 单元音：i:i e a:u:u:双元音：ai ei i u u au e i辅音音标 清辅音：p t k f s ts t tr h 浊辅音：b d g v z dz d dr r 舌边音：l 鼻辅音：m n 半元音：w j,5,四、音素及对应发音字母单元音：a:i:i u:u:e a:：字母组合 ar a car farm card arm garden fast cl
4、ass last glass plant aunt：发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother does brother love above trouble rough blood flood i:：字母组合 ee ea e ie ei three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me Piece receive key ski peo
5、ple i:发音字母 i y e u a ui sit picture it is list six fit pig big miss many twenty happy delicious build dictionary,6,u:字母组合 oo o u food moon room broom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full u：字母组合 oo ou u olook good foot book wood should could Put full pull push woman wolf:：字母组合 al or au our ar
6、 small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor storeauthor caught autumn warm quarrel quarter:发音字母 o a ou Hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss not Want wash watch:发音字母组合 ir er or ur ear turn burn murder nurse turtle thursday burger learn earn earth heard term
7、 her serve work worm world,7,:字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker famer doctor actorseldom open alone forget e:字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any:字母组合 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad bac
8、k flag shall man,8,知识要点 一、名词的数 在英语中，名词n按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词可分为单数和复数两种形式：表示一个人或事物的名词用单数形式，在使用时，前面一般加不定冠词a或an，表示两个或两个以上的人或事物的名词用复数形式,一般是在词后加s 或es,如：bags,boxes.名词单数变复数具体规则如下：1).规则变化 一般在名词后加s.如boyboys,penpens等。以s,x,sh,ch结尾的，在后面加es.如classclasses boxboxes brush brushes peachpeaches
9、 但stomach(胃)的复数为stomachs.“以辅音字母+y”结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es.如babybabies body bodies 以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v,再加es.如knife,half,leaf,wolf等。以o结尾的名词，除tomato,potato等少数在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s.如kilokilos,photophotos,zoozoos,radioradios,pianopianos,videovideos.,2).不规则变化 man men,woman women,foot feet,tooth teeth,child-children，m
10、ouse mice 单复数形式相同如：sheep sheep deer deer fishfish Japanese Japanese Chinese Chinese等。有些名词形式上是单数，实为复数意义，通常被称为复数名词，如：people,police等。由-man和-woman构成的合成词如：policeman policemen Englishman Englishmen EnglishwomanEnglishwomen 但是GermanGermans 另外被man 或woman 修饰的名词变复数时，两个名词都要变。例：a man doctor two men doctors a wo
11、man teacher some women teachers 但:apple treeapple trees,9,有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes,trousers,glasses,chopsticks等。数词+名词作定语时，常采用数词+单数名词形式，如a two-week holiday,an 8-year old girl.另一种常见的形式有five minutes walk,two days leave等。,10,11,1以o结尾的名词顺口溜 规律：有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时，词尾加es，凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时，词尾加s。口诀1：黑人和英雄在土豆地里吃芒果和西红柿
12、要加es 解释：negroes and heroes eat tomatoes、mangoes and potatoes 口诀2：你在“zoo”里 看见一个“bamboo”上面挂着一张“photo”所照的是一架“piano”上面放着一台“radio”解释：zoo-zoos，bamboo-bamboos，photo-photos piano-pianos，radio-radios.,2.表示民族的名词顺口溜 口诀：“中、瑞、日”是一致“英、法”联盟a变e；其他一律加s。解释：Chinese，Japanese单复数同形；Englishman，Frenchman的复数为Englishmen，Fren
13、chmen；其他像German，American，Australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s”。3.以f、fe结尾的顺口溜 规律：以f(e)结尾的名词变为复数时，改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”。口诀：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。解释：wife（妻子），knife（刀子），wolf（狼）thief（小偷），shelf（架子），life（生命）leaf（树叶），self（自己），half（一半）,12,4.巧记不规则名词单变复 口诀：大鹅老鼠光脚丫 男男女女笑掉牙 解释：goose-geese；mouse-mice；foot-feet；man-men；w
14、oman-women；tooth-teeth；5.单复数形式一致的顺口溜 口诀：一个中国人和一个日本人骑着一只羊和鹿去吃水煮鱼。解释：Chinese，Japanese，deer，sheep，fish。,13,3）不可数名词没有单复数形式，要表示不可数名词的数量，可用以下两种方法。用much,a little,a lot of/lots of some,any等修饰不可数名词。如：The rich man has a lot of money.可用表单位的词修饰不可数名词，如：a piece of paper,two pieces of paper,a bottle of orange,a gl
15、ass of milk,three bags of rice。many 修饰可数名词复数,14,二、名词所有格 1）表示有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格一般在名词后加s.如：my fathers car以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在名词后加 如：the teachers reading room 教师阅览室不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加s.如：the womens shoes 女式鞋子。如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加s。如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加s.如：Jane and Helens room 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有)Bills and Toms ra
16、dios 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（不共有）。（注意后面名词的单复数）2）表示无生命的东西，一般用 of+名词的结构。如：a map of China,15,练习：I.写出下列名词的复数形式。1.watch _ 11.strawberry _ 2.child _ 12.thief _ 3.photo _ 13.girl student_ 4.diary _ 14.man doctor_ 5.day_ 15.woman nurse_ 6.foot_ 16.pear tree_ 7.book_ 17.peach_ 8.dress _ 18.box_ 9.tooth_ 19.baby_ 10.de
17、er_ 20.German_,16,watches,children,photos,diaries,days,feet,books,dresses,teeth,deer,II.翻译下列词组。1.一些桃子 _10.我的自行车_ 2.五袋大米_11.教师节 _ 3.八只脚 _ 12.三八妇女节_ 4.二十颗牙齿_13.二张纸 _ 5.三瓶果汁 _14.四个男医生_ 6.四十个女警察_ 15.七颗梨树 _ 7.十二把小刀_ 16.一副世界地图_ 8.九个德国人_ 17.Helen的朋友 9.许多孩子 _ 18.双胞胎的妈妈_,17,III.按要求改写下列句子。1.There is an orange
18、 tree in the garden.（改为复数句）_ 2.She is a good teacher.（改为复数句）_ 3.I have some interesting story books.（改为单数句）_ 4.There are some women teachers over there.（改为单数句）_ 5.-What is it?-Its a box.（改为复数句）_,18,IV.单项选择。()1.Mr Smith is _father.They are twin sisters.A.Mary s and Johns B.Marys and John C.Mary and J
19、ohns()2.She needs _.A.a glass water B.two glasses of water C.two glasses of waters()3.There are five_ in our school.A.woman teacher B woman teachers C.women teachers()4.There are many _ in the fridge.A.food B.bread C.vegetables()5.Im thirsty.I think Ill buy some_.A.water B.eggs C.cakes()6.John bough
20、t _ for himself yesterday.A.two pairs of shoes B.two pair of shoe C.two pair of shoes D.two pairs shoe,19,()7.-What would you like to have for lunch,sir?-Id like_.!A.chicken B.a chicken C.chickens D.the chicken()8.There are five _in our factory.A.woman driver B,women driver C.woman drivers D.women d
21、rivers()9.The post office is a bit far from here.Its about_.A.thirty minutess walk B.thirty minutes walk C.thirty minutes walk D.thirty minutes walk()10._ turn yellow in autumn.A.Leaf B.Leaves C.Leave D.Leafs()11.Will you please show me the way to the _ shop?A.shoe B.shoes C.shoes D.shoes()12._ hard
22、 work it is!A.What a B.How C.What D.How a,20,()13.His family _ a happy one.A.be B.are C.is D.was()14.I met two _ in the street yesterday morning.A.German B.Australian C.American D.Japanese()15.My grandparents like _ very much,so they grow some in their _ garden every year.A.vegetable,vegetable B.veg
23、etable,vegetables B.C.vegetables,vegetables D.vegetables,vegetable V.用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.How many_(sheep)are there on the hill?2.There is some_(food)in the basket.3.The baby has only two_(tooth)now.4.There is a lot of_(water)in the bottle.5.There are five_(people)in his family.,21,6.Lets take_(photo),OK?
24、7.I have lots of_(tomato)here.8.The_(leaf)on the tree turn yellow.9.Their_(dictionary)look new.11.There are many_(fox)in the picture.12.Different people may have different _(idea).13.Would you like some _(tomato)?14.Jim has some _(knife).15.The girl under the tree is a friend of _(Lucy).,22,Good bye,
