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1、以Graphic organizers、句型、字串融入英文閱讀與翻譯的教學,曾琦芬國立臺中科技大學 應用英語系 助理教授2012/12/12,簡歷,國立臺中科技大學應英系助理教授國立臺中護專通識中心 助理教授國立臺中女中 專任教師國立武陵高中 專任教師桃園縣瑞原國中 專任教師國立台灣師範大學英語系 英語教學博士國立台灣師範大學英語系 語言學碩士國立台灣師範大學英語系 學士,報告內容,如何應用Graphic organizers於教學中以句型為單位的教學以字串(lexis)為單位的教學,What are graphic organizers？,Graphic organizers arevisu
2、al aids added to text and other instructional materials to communicate the organization of the text passage or the instructional material(Jonassen et al.,1993),What can graphic organizers do?,Learners attention is directed to important information and they are thus less likely to become trapped in t
3、he details.The feature of two-dimensional arrangement helps learners to visualize abstract ideas and as a result brings about perceptual comprehension in learners.,Graphic Organizers vs.Expository,Graphic organizers are also found to be effective in facilitating teaching and learning of expository t
4、exts.,Cultural Preference of Writing Structure(of Expository),(Kapland,1966),How to apply graphic organizers in EFL teaching?,To use graphic organizers to teach reading texts Post-graphic organizer usage is significantly more effective(Moore&Readence,1984).,Types of graphic organizers,cause/effect c
5、omparison/contrast time order simple listing(logical division/examples)problem/solution,An essay includes,An introduction paragraphBody paragraphsA conclusion paragraph,IntroductionParagraph(Hook+Thesis statement),Body paragraph 1,Body paragraph 2,Body paragraph 3,Conclusion paragraph,Many causes on
6、e effect,malnutrition,overwork,a lack of sleep,poor health,One cause many effects,Cause,Effect#3,Effect#1,Effect#2,Effect#4,One cause many effects,losing job,sell the car,bank taking away thehouse,transferring to public schools,cut down onexpenses,Ripple effect(chain reaction),Excessive Emission of
7、CO2,Global temperature on the rise,Melting of iceberg,Sea level on the rise,Animals losing habitats,Weird weather change,Introduction,Body,Conclusion,Comparison/Contrast;Simple list;Problem/Solution,Time order,Narrative,Hook BackgroundInfo,Event 1Event 2Event 3(in time order),*Results*Lesson Learned
8、*Comment,Two Very Different Ghost Festivals(東大,Book III,Lesson 3comparison/contrast),IntroductionBackground Information:Taiwan vs.USA,The gate of hell opens in Ghost month,More details,ConclusionHalloween becomes a time of fun;the Ghost Festival is still a serious occasion.,Customs during Ghost Mont
9、h,Donts during Ghost Month,Customs for Halloween,What people do now on Halloween,More details,More details,More details,More details,Students work:If I could make someone disappear,If I could make someone disappear,I want that person to be the former Minister of Education,Tu Cheng-Sheng.There are th
10、ree reasons why I want him to disappear.First,he dosed off at Legislative Yuan,and insisted that he was not sleeping;he was just closing his eyes.Second,he picked his nose in public.It is so disgusting.Where are his manners?Third,he put“three little pigs”on the idiom list.What kind of idiom is that?
11、Therefore,if I could make someone disappear,I want that person to be Tu Cheng-Sheng.,“If I could make someone disappear”in graphic organizer,If I could make someone disappear,I want that person to be Tu Cheng-Sheng.,Therefore,due to the above reasons,if I could make someone disappear,I certainly wan
12、t that person to be Tu Cheng-Sheng.,He once said that“the three little pigs”should be taken as an idiom.Didnt he have any sense at all?,He should pick his nose in public.What a disgusting act!Only a very rude person would do such a thing.Where are his manners?,He dosed off at the Legislative Yuan.In
13、stead of apologizing,he insisted that he was just closing his eyes.,If I could make someone disappear:Re-organized,If I could make someone disappear,I want that person to be Tu Cheng-Sheng.,He was a person who talks black into white.,Therefore,due to the above reasons,if I could make someone disappe
14、ar,I certainly want that person to be Tu Cheng-Sheng.,He once said that“the three little pigs”should be taken as an idiom.Didnt he have any sense at all?,He should pick his nose in public.What a disgusting act!Only a very rude person would do such a thing.Where are his manners?,He dosed off at the L
15、egislative Yuan.Instead of apologizing,he insisted that he was just closing his eyes.,He was a person with no manners at all.,He misled students about Chinese idioms.,The Sandals That Saved My Life(東大,Book II,Lesson 1Narrative),-I was not popular.-A girl wanted to be my friend.-She rarelytalked tome
16、.,we met online;she did not want to be my friend,-My moms phonecall made me realize one thing.-I think of my Moms love whenever I wearthe sandals.,I cried;my mom comforted me;I couldnt sleep,My mom was out;I thought of killing myself,My mom called;she found sandals for me;She said she loved me;I bla
17、med myself,100年四技二專英文科考題閱讀測驗1Expositorysimple list,IntroductionI have to memorize things;I have picked some tips.,The first rule is to repeat it in your mind.,Exampleto remember classmates names,Another trick is to build on small pieces to learn longer things.,Short term memory vs.long term memory,C
18、onclusionPieces of information in short term memory is moved to long term memory by repetition.,100年四技二專英文科考題閱讀測驗2Expositorytime order,Step 1Find an Album.Nice,bigStrong,Made of paper,Step 2Collect Family Treasures.Photos,Tickets,Postcards,Step 3Organize The Treasures.One personOne page;In time Orde
19、r,Making a family album,Step 4Label eachTreasure.Get help From Family member,句型的應用,句型是骨架單字是肌肉骨架拼對了，雛形就清晰可辨,句型的分類,依句子結構分類依詞性分類依功能分類,依句子結構分類,S+ViS+Vt+O雙受詞的句型S+V+DO+prep+IO S+V+IO+DO加補語的句型S+Vi+SCS+Vt+O+OC,S+Vi,What happened?I never lie.The visitors left.They finally settled down.Justin and Selina broke
20、 up.,S+Vt+O,He finished all the food.I enjoy jogging.I want to have a smart phone.I think that he is a decent man.He cant control himself.,S+Vt+O的衍生句型,Phrasal verbscarry out the plan,turn on the light bring about changes,figure it out,Prepositional verbslook at me,take after my fatherlive on meat,de
21、al with itCatchby the collar,lookin the eye,Pay attention to,make use of,take care ofput an end to,make a fool of,S+V+DO+prep+IOS+V+IO+DO,give the necklace to megive me the necklacetell a story to the kidstell the kids a storyremind sb.of sth.cure sb.of illnessinform sb.of sth.Protect A from BBlame
22、sb.for sth.,S+Vi+SCS+Vt+O+OC,The flower smells good.You look tired.She remained single.They went bankrupt.I believe him innocent.Get your job done.I find the movie interesting.,依詞性分類,冠詞the old,a Picasso,an Einstein代名詞some,and others關係詞those who,the reason why助動詞must have+pp,had better+V不定詞be about t
23、o+V,to be frank分詞judging from,a red-haired girl動名詞be worth+Ving,come near+Vingit/thatit isthat,the fact that,依功能分類,假設語氣與條件句If I were;Provided that;I suggest that;It is about time;as if時間 notuntil;as soon as;no soonerthanby the time;when/while比較asas possible;as sly as a fox;even+比較級,依功能分類,讓步although,
24、despite,No matter+Wh.否定far from,there is no+Ving,fail to+V目的、結果、原因result in,sothat,with an eye to+Vingowing to,according to,to my surprise 倒裝句Only when,Little do I know,Here it is.,應用句型與字串解析中翻英,101年學測1.近年來，許多臺灣製作的影片已經受到國際的重視。in recent years;receive international attention;be internationally recogniz
25、edIn recent years,many films produced in Taiwan have received international attention.,2.拍攝這些電影的地點也成為熱門的觀光景點。tourist attractions;tourist spotsThe places where these films were shot also become hot tourist attractions.,100年學測,1.臺灣的夜市早已被認為足以代表我們的在地文化。has long been consideredbe representative of;a symb
26、ol of;to represent local cultureNight markets in Taiwan have long been considered to represent our local culture.,2.每年它們都吸引了成千上萬來自不同國家的觀光客。hundreds of thousands offrom different countriesEvery year,they attract hundreds of thousands of tourists from different countries.,以字串lexis為語言單位,the Lexical App
27、roach(Lewis,1993)Lexical items are socially sanctioned independent units;many are words,but many consist of multi-word units.,Why lexis?,much native speaker language is formulaic;it is simply that the native speaker usually has a vastly greater range of formulae to call upon for use in a wider range
28、 of strategic domains(McCarthy,1991).Prefabricated chunks;formulaic speech;formulaic expressions,These units can be analyzed;but modern research suggests that speech may be processed more rapidly if the units are perceived as single,unanalyzed wholes.,Different kinds of lexical items,Wordsthe indivi
29、dual wordsPloywordsfound in dictionaries;ex.of course,by the way,look up to.Collocationsthe way individual words co-occur with others;ex.prices fell;incomes rose;take medicineInstitutionalised expressionspragmatic in character;allow language user to manage aspects of the interaction,Three types of i
30、nstitutionalized expressions,Short,hardly grammaticalised utterances:Not yet.Certainly not.Just a moment,please.Sentence heads or frames to serve a certain pragmatic purpose:Sorry to interrupt,but can I just say;Thats all very well,but;Full sentences with readily identifiable pragmatic meaning:You c
31、ant miss it.Its all yours.Keep the change.Rise and shine.,Archetypical utterances containing ll,Ill get it.Ill give you a ring.Ill drop you a line.Ill see what I can do.Take my word for it.Youll never get away from it.Thatll do.I see what you mean.Well see.Its funny you should say that.It reminds me
32、 of,Benefits,Institutionalised expressions will be a help to any non-native learner.A repertoire of such phrases is an important part of fluency for the intermediate and more advanced learner.Immediate practical utility for elementary and lower intermediate learners(like tourist-style phrase books).
33、,The fact is,A language contains,in addition to productive rules,a phrase book with grammatical notes.Much native speaker language is formulaic;the native speaker has a vast range of formulae.,Implications for EFL teaching,Raise students awareness of lexis.Teach not only grammar rules,but lexis,incl
34、uding words,polywords,collocations,and institutionalised expressions.Take 統測 for example.,結語,When teaching reading,teach both the content and the structure.When teaching sentences,focus on sentence patterns(i.e.,collocations).When teaching vocabulary,use lexis as the basis.Do both bottom-up and top-down teaching.,Thank You for Your Kind Attention!,
