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1、1can 和could的用法(1)表示“能力”。No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh,you are really his big fan.(摘自2011湖南高考)在打篮球方面,无人能与姚明相媲美。你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。,(2)表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢?,(3)cannot.too/enough表示“无论也不过分”;“越越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.开车
2、时越小心越好。,2may和might的用法(1)may和might表示“许可”,“可能性”,“祝愿”等意义。在给予别人许可时,常用can,但有时也用may。不能用might。May I take the book out?Im afraid not.(摘自2010四川高考)我能将书带出吗?恐怕不行。,“may as well动词原形”意为“最好;满可以;倒不如”。We may as well stay where we are.我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。,(2)may作“可以”讲时,其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”;must作“必须”讲时,其否定式是“neednt”,表示“不必”。M
3、ay I take this book out of the reading room?No,you mustnt.You read it in here.(摘自2010陕西高考)我可以把书拿出阅览室吗?不,决不可以,你在这儿读。,3must的用法(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。You mustnt park here!Its an emergency exit.(摘自2010重庆高考)你不可以在这儿停车!这是紧急情况出口处。,(2)表示“偏执”;“固执”。Dont interrupt me,John.Must you force me to tell you the truth at the
4、moment?约翰,你别打断我说话。你非得逼我这时告诉你真相吗?,4shall的用法(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow,sir?I havent decided on the time.But I will call you.先生,我明天什么时候到你家接你呢?我还没有决定时间,但是我会给你打电话的。,(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。No driving electric motor bikes in some
5、areas is a rule that you shall obey in Fuzhou.在一些地区不许骑电动车是你在福州必须遵守的一个规定。,5will和would的用法作情态动词的will,would与作助动词的will,would的各种形式相同。(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么,如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于过去的情况。John promised his doctor he would not smoke,and he has never smoked ever since.(摘自2008北京高考),约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了,自从那时起他就再也不吸烟了。I have told
6、him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen.我已再三告诉他戒烟,但是他就是不听。,(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“总要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨,他总是沿着小河散步。,(3)would 可以表示过去的习惯性动作,比used to正式,但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。When we worked in the same firm several years ago,we would often go to the
7、 cinema together.当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时,我们常常一起去电影院。,1(2011陕西高考)Will you read me a story,Mummy?OK.You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.Amight Bmust Ccould Dshall,解析:考查情态动词。句意:“妈妈,给我讲个故事好吗?”“好的,如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。”shall用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等,意为“必须;应;可”。,答案:D,2(2011福建高考)Shall I info
8、rm him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you _,in case he comes late for the meeting.Awill BmustCmay Dcan,解析:考查情态动词。依据 in case he comes late for the meeting 可知,这里用 must 表示“必须”,强调提醒时间安排变化的“必要性”。,答案:B,3(2011上海高考)I _ worry about my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes.
9、Acant BmustntCdarent Dneednt,解析:考查情态动词。句意:我不必担心我的周末我总是在周末来临之前就计划好了。根据下文可知D项“没有必要”符合语境。A项“不能;不可能”;B项“禁止”;C项“不敢”。,答案:D,4(2011辽宁高考)If you _go,at least wait until the storm is over.Acan BmayCmust Dwill,解析:考查情态动词。句意:如果你非要走的话,至少等到暴风雨结束。根据句意可知must(一定要)正确。can“能够”;may“或许”;will“将要”。,答案:C,5(2011重庆高考)Why didnt
10、you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to,but my mom simply_not let me out so late at night.Acould BmightCwould Dshould,解析:考查情态动词。问话人询问为什么昨晚没有参加Simon的聚会,答话人回答说自己想去,但是妈妈只是不想让自己在这么晚的时候出去。此处表示的是过去的意愿,因此用would。,答案:C,1can用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测,意为“有时会”;用于疑问句中可以表示推测,意为“可能”,有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,cant 意为
11、“不可能”,语气很强烈。,It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和,但有时候也会相当冷。Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时,他怎么可能开会迟到呢?Im afraid Mr.Harding cant see you now.Hes busy.(摘自2010全国卷)恐怕Mr.Harding现在不能见你,他
12、很忙。,2may用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测,意为“可能”;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,may not意为“可能不”,表示一种不太确定的语气。The traffic is heavy these days.I might arrive a bit late,so could you save me a place?(摘自2009辽宁高考),这些天交通很繁忙,我可能会来晚一点,请你帮我保留个位置好吗?Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they may just be quiet people.(摘自200
13、9安徽高考)言语不多的人未必就是害羞。他们或许就是安静的人。,3must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定;必定”,表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。Its the office!So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh,sorry.(摘自2009湖南高考)这是办公室!所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。噢,对不起。,4should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”,即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test sin
14、ce you have practiced a lot in the driving school.因为你在驾校训练了那么多,通过路考应该没什么困难。,1(2011江西高考)It _be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.Amustnt Bcant Cwont Dneednt,解析:考查情态动词。句意:门口不可能是邮递员,(现在)才六点钟。对现在的否定推测,由Its only six oclock.分析可知应用cant(不可能)。mustnt“禁止”;wont“不会”;neednt“不必”,均不合句意。,答案:B,2(2011北京高考)I
15、dont really like James.Why did you invite him?Dont worry.He _ come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.Amust not Bneed notCwould not Dmight not,解析:考查情态动词。根据句意可知,James 不太确定他的计划,他可能不来。might not 表示“可能不”,符合语境。,答案:D,3(2010北京高考)Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel
16、Department.Ah,good morning.You _ be Mrs.Peters.Amight BmustCwould Dcan,解析:考查情态动词。第一句说明和史密斯女士有约定,所以秘书判断一定是。must在此表示推测,意为“一定”,符合语境。,答案:B,4(2012潍坊市模拟)Dont worry.Ive just sent an ambulance to you.They _ be there any second.Acould BmightCwould Dshould,解析:考查情态动词。既然已经派去了救护车,那么他们“应该”随时会赶到。should在本句中表示预期“应该会
17、;可能”。,答案:D,1can/could have done表示“本来可以做,而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”,疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定,其中cant have done多用于语气强烈的否定,意为“不可能做过”。,Do you know where David is?I couldnt find him anywhere.Well.He cant have gone far his coats still here.你知道大卫在哪里吗?我到处找不到他。大卫的上衣还在这里,因此他肯定没走远。I could have saved the poor rabbit,but I
18、 didnt have the right drugs with me at that moment.我本来可以拯救那只可怜的兔子的,可是我当时没有合适的药品。,2may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测,意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱,语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。Sorry,Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起,我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。,3must have done表示
19、对过去行为的推测,意为“一定;想必”,语气十分肯定。Jack described his father,who must have been a brave boy many years ago,as a strongwilled man.(摘自2010安徽高考)杰克说他父亲是个意志坚强的人,多年前他父亲一定是个勇敢的男孩子。,4should have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做;shouldnt have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。I shouldnt have watched that movie itll give m
20、e horrible dreams.(摘自2010山东高考)我本不应该看那部电影它会令我做噩梦。,5ought to have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做;ought not to have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法与should相同,也往往含有责备的意味。You ought to have come to the party yesterday,but why didnt you come?昨天你本来应该参加聚会的,可是你为什么不来?,6neednt have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。Mark neednt have hu
21、rried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.(摘自2010天津高考)马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车,结果早到了半个小时。,1(2011新课标全国卷)They _have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.Awill BcanCmust Dshould,解析:考查情态动词。句意:他们本应该在午饭时间到达,但是他们的航班推迟了。should have done 表示“本应该做某事(实际却未做)”,符合句意。,答案:D,2(2011江苏高考)I
22、left my handbag on the train,but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back!I mean,someone_it.Awill have stolen Bmight have stolenCshould have stolen Dmust have stolen,解析:考查情态动词。从对话情景可知他们在谈论过去的可能性:有人可能把手提包偷走了,因此选择might have stolen。,答案:B,3(2012潍坊市抽样监测)They _ have pr
23、epared for the meeting more carefully.But they didnt.What a pity!Ashouldnt BcantCmay Dought to,解析:考查情态动词。句意:“他们本该更细心地准备会议的。”“但他们没有这样做。真可惜!”ought to have done“过去本该做某事而未做”。,答案:D,4(2012日照高三调研)We _ have hurried all the way to the airport the flight was called off because of the foggy weather.Amustnt BcouldntCneednt Dwouldnt,解析:考查情态动词。neednt have done表示“过去本不必做,但实际上却做了”。句意:我们原本没必要匆忙赶到机场航班因为大雾天气取消了。,答案:C,点击此图片进入,