《数词及其用法》PPT课件.ppt

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1、数词及其用法,数词的分类:,主要分为基数词和序数词表示数目多少的数词叫基数词表示顺序的数词叫序数词,基数词:,A从1-10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,tenB从 11-19 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen这里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,其余都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成.,C从 21-99 整数几十中除twenty,thirty,fo

2、rty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符-21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D百位数 个数基数词后加“hundred”,表示几百;在几十几与百位间加上and 200 two hundred 101 a/one hundred and one,320 three hundred and twenty,648 six hundred and forty-eight,E千位数以上,从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一

3、个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion,然后一节一节分别表示。two thousand six hundred and forty-eight sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four,2,648,16,25

4、0,064,5,237,166,234,基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:dozen(12个,一打)、score(20个,分数)、hundred、thousand、million、billion等在表确切的数字时只用单数形式,但是在表示不确切数字时要用复数,且与of 短语连用。如:确数:two dozen eggs,three score days,six thousand people 概数:hundreds of,dozens of,thousands of,叠用:tens of thousands of(成千上万),hundreds of thousands of(几十万无数)

5、,thousands and thousands of(成千上 万),),经典题的解答,3.In the past two years,at least_trees have been planted along the road.A.two thousand B.two thousands of C.two thousands D.thousand of 解析:考点:确数和概数的表达。确数:数词+计量名词(不能加S)概数:计量名词+S+of,类比练习,1.Shortly after the accident,two _ police were sent to the spot to keep

6、 order.A.dozens of B.dozens C.dozen D.dozen of 2.They received _ of letters about their TV programs.A.dozen B dozen and dozen C.scores D.dozen,b.在一些固定的词组里;如:They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到达了。sixes and sevens 乱七八糟c.in his thirties 在他三十多岁时d.表示年代,用 in+the+数词复数;in the 1980s,序数词的主要形式:,A从第一至第十九 o

7、ne-first,two-second,three-third,five-fifth,eight-eighth,nine-ninth,twelve-twelfth为特殊形式,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如:six-sixth、nineteen-nineteenthB从第二十至第九十九 整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth 表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“”和个位序数词形式一起表示 thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 se

8、venty-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九,C第一百以上的多位序数词 由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。one hundredth第一百 one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一 one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D序数词的缩写形式有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。first-lst second-2nd third-3rd fourth-4th sixth-6th twentieth-20th twenty-third-23rd 其中lst,2nd

9、,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th,序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词 the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再-”,“又-”。Well go over it a second time Weve tried it three timesMust we try it a fourth time?表示日期用序数词May 5 五月五日(读作May(the)fifth),也可以表示为the fifth(5th)of May,序号表示法,(1)单纯的序号,可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。如:No.1第一号(2)事物名词的序号表达法有所不同:对于一些小序号用序

10、数词也可用基数词表达,形式分别为:the+序数词+名词;名词+基数词。如:the First World War或World War One,Lesson 8=the eighth lesson对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法,即名词+基数词。如:Room 501,Bus 538。可用a/the+number+基数词+名词。如:a No.5 bus the No.8 bus,练习,.We are going to have a basketball match with _.A.Class First B.Class One C.First Class D.Class the First,

11、分数表示法,分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,分子大于1时,分母的序数词要用复数形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1/2 a half 1 1/2 one and a half 3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter,口诀:记忆口诀:分子基,分母序,分子大 于1,分母要加S,经典题的解答,More than_

12、 of the students in their class are girls.A.two third B.two three C.second three D.two thirds解析:考点:分数的构成。记忆口诀:分子基,分母序,分子大 于1,分母要加S,1.About _ students in our class can describe that place in English.A.three-fifths B.three-fifth C.third-five D.third-fifths 答案:A。该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时,分母

13、应加-s,因此应选A。,百分数用基数percent表示 50 fifty percent3 three percent分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词,而用以下形式:分数/百分数 of+the/these/those/my+名词/代词,其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致,如:Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.One third of the students are from the town.,巩固练习,5._ of the land in that district_ covered with trees and grass.

14、A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are6.It is reported that _ of the population in these areas are farmers.A.two three B.two third C.two thirds D.second third,分数的其它表达形式:,分子与分母之间加in,分子在前,分母在后,分子分母都用基数词。如:one in ten 十分之一,five in eight八分之五。分子与分母之间加out of,分子在前,分母在后,分子分母都用基数词。如:o

15、ne out of ten十分之一,five out of eight八分之五,小数表示法,小数用基数词来表示,以小数点为界,小数点左首的数字为一个单位,表示整数,数字合起来读;小数点右首的数字为一个单位,表示小数,数字分开来读;小数点读作 point,o读作 zero或o,整数部分为零时,可以省略不读.0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四 10.23 ten point two three 十点二三 25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七 l.03 one point o three 一点零三,小数,注意:与小数连用的

16、名词的数:整数是零时,名词用单数形式,其他情况名词用复数形式。例如:0.27.metrezero point two seven of a metre1.26.metresone point two six metres,时间表示法 1、钟点 1)正读法按时间表上的数字读;先读钟点数,后读分钟数。如:10:20ten twenty/8:36eight thirty-six 2)表示几点过几分,用介词past,多用在半小时以内(包括半小时)。分钟数在介词的前面,时钟数在介词的后面,采用倒读法。如:9:30half past nine/7:05five past seven 3)表示几点差几分,用

17、介词to,多用在半小时以上(不包括半小时)。也用倒读法。如:8:50ten to nine/11:45a quarter to twelve 4)表示整点 8:00eight(oclock)5)表示在某个钟点,用介词at。如:They begin to work at half past seven.(他们七点半开始工作。),2、日期 1)年代用基数词,在某年要用介词in。如:He was born in 1983.(1983读成nineteen eighty-three)2)月份首字母要大写,在某月也用介词in,如果有年代出现,在月份名后加年代,中间用逗号。如:It happened in

18、January,1999.(这事发生在1999年1月。)3)日期用序数词(序数词前加the),在某日用介词on。如:on the first;on the eighteenth,4)月日同时出现时可有两种表示法:英国说法:顺序为先日后月。如:4(th)May(五月四日 读成 the fourth of May)美国说法:顺序为先月后日。如:May 4(th)(五月四日 读成 May the fourth)表示在某月某日,不管月在前还是在后,都用介词on。如:The meeting will be held on March 9(th).Well leave for Shanghai on 8t

19、h June.5)年月日同时出现时,年代位于最后,其前加逗号。如:Mary was born on January lst,1990.6)表示“在几十年代”用 in+the+逢十的数词复数。如:in the 1990s/1990s,练习,.He went to live in the countryside in _ and learned a lot from the peasants.A.the 1780s B.the 1780 C.1780s D.1780s,3、年龄 1)用基数词表示年龄。如:He is ten(years old).=He is at the age of ten.T

20、he baby is one year old.2)表示“在某人几十多岁”时,可用介词 in+ones+整十位数的复数形式。如:She is still in her twenties.(她才二十几岁。)3)表示“一个九岁的男孩”,可以有多种表达法:a boy of nine,a boy of nine years old,a boy of nine years of age,a nine-year-old boy 注意:与基数词合成的定语,其中的名词用单数。如:a three-month-old baby,a five-year plan,类比练习,1.I have to write a _

21、 composition every other week.A.two-thousand-word B.two-thousands-word C.two-thousand-words D.two-thousands words2.My uncle began to teach himself German when he was already in his _.A.forties B.forty C.fortieth D.fortys,练习1._ trees were planted on the mountain last year.A.Thousands of B.Thousand of C.Five thousand of D.Five thousands.2_ of the students are girls in our class ATwo threeBTwo threes CTwo thirdsDSecond three3.-When was he born?-he was born on _.A.second of October B.the October three C.October the second D.three of October,

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