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1、如何防備流感HOW TO PREVENT INFLUENZA,衞生署中央健康教育組Central Health Education UnitDEPARTMENT OF HEALTHOctober 2005,What is Influenza?,Influenza(flu):is a highly infectious viral diseasecaused by various types of influenza viral strains,Seasonal Influenza,Consultation rate of influenza-like illness and number of
2、 influenza isolates in 2004,In Hong Kong,the disease is more common in periods from January to March and from July to August.,病毒株數目,GOPC:General Out-patient ClinicsGP:General Practitioners,Influenza Pandemic,3 pre-requisites for the start of an Influenza PandemicA novel influenza virus subtype emerg
3、es and humans in general have no immunity against itThe new virus must be able to replicate in humans and cause serious illnessThe new virus must be efficiently transmitted from one human to another,Photo:source from CDC,Influenza pandemic Vs Seasonal Influenza,When compared to localised“seasonal”in
4、fluenza epidemic,the influenza pandemic:Spreads quicker and broaderUsually associates with higher severity of illness and a higher death tollHas more serious consequences,greater social and economic impact,Photo:source from CDC,The relationship with Avian Influenza,The Hong Kong 1997 experience and
5、the recent situation in Vietnam have demonstrated the pandemic potential of H5N1The threat of H5N1 to human health is closely related to the outbreaks of HPAI(Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza)in poultryThe surveillance of potential virus responsible for pandemic influenza is an important part of co
6、ntingency preparedness,The Governments 3-tier response system for handling major infectious disease outbreaks Alert Response Level Serious Response Level Emergency Response Level,Preparedness Plan for Influenza Pandemic,Alert Response Level,Scenarios:Confirmation of highly pathogenic avian influenza
7、(HPAI)outbreaks in poultry populations outside Hong KongConfirmation of HPAI in Hong Kong in imported birds in quarantine,in wild birds,in recreational parks,in pet bird shops or in the natural environment Confirmation of human case(s)of avian influenza outside Hong Kong,Actions from Public Alert Le
8、vel,Maintain normal way of life Pay attention to further announcements from the Government,Serious Response Level,Scenarios:Confirmation of HPAI outbreaks in the environment of or among poultry population in retail markets,wholesale markets,farms in Hong Kong due to a strain with known human health
9、impactConfirmation of human case(s)of avian influenza in Hong Kong without evidence of efficient human-to-human transmission,Actions from Public-Serious Level,Maintain normal way of life Prepare enough masks for possible exigencies Pay attention to and comply with guidelines issued by the Government
10、,Emergency Response Level,Scenarios:Evidence of efficient human-to-human transmission of novel influenza overseas or in Hong KongInfluenza pandemic,Actions from Public-Emergency Level,Use mask appropriately Pay attention to and comply with guidelines issued by the Government,Current level?,Why Shoul
11、d We Prevent Influenza,Changeable surface antigens of influenza viruses Potential threat Antigenic drift(minor changes)Seasonal influenza,Antigenic shift(major changes),Emergence of pandemic strain,Influenza pandemic,How to Prevent,Avoid touching live birds and poultry and their droppings After cont
12、act with live birds and poultry,wash hands thoroughly with liquid soap and water immediately Poultry and eggs should be thoroughly cooked before eatingTravellers returning from areas with reported avian flu outbreaks should consult doctors promptly if they have symptoms of influenza after the trip.L
13、et the doctors know the travel history and wear a mask to prevent spread of the disease,How to Prevent,Ensure good ventilation Avoid visiting crowded places with poor ventilation Prevent the trap of drainage pipe from drying and disinfect drain outlets.Pour half a litre of water into each drain outl
14、et and add 1 teaspoon of 1:99 diluted household bleach solution into the outlet once a week Keep your home clean,wipe furniture and toilet with 1:99 diluted household bleach solution once a day,8 Steps to Protect YourselfIndividual preparednessBefore the pandemic comesWhen the pandemic comes,How to
15、Prevent,Step 1 Be prepared Step 2 Get vaccinatedStep 3 Keep hands cleanStep 4 Use mask properly,8 Steps To Protect Yourself,Step 5 Know how influenza presentsStep 6 Manage fever wellStep 7 Practise healthy lifestyleStep 8 Be resourceful,8 Steps To Protect Yourself,Step 1:Be Prepared,Step 1:Be Prepar
16、ed,Build up good personal hygiene wash hands frequently wear mask when symptoms of respiratory tract infection develop cover mouth and nose with tissue when coughing or sneezing and dispose of soiled tissue properly in a lidded rubbish bin avoid touching eyes,mouth or nose,Step 1:Be Prepared,Seasona
17、l peaks:Jan-Mar/Jul AugInfluenza vaccination one of the effective means of preventing influenza and its complicationsInfluenza vaccination is recommended to special groups,Step 2:Get Vaccinated,Step 2:Get Vaccinated,Step 2:Get Vaccinated,People not suitable to receive influenza vaccination:Allergic
18、to eggs,neomycin,etc Allergic to previous dose of influenza vaccine With bleeding disorders or on warfarin deep subcutaneous injection Suffer from acute febrile illness receive when recover,Step 2:Get Vaccinated,Two weeks after vaccination antibodies develop and provide protection Immunity declines
19、over time,Step 2:Get Vaccinated,Step 3:Keep Hands Clean,Step 3:Keep Hands Clean,Step 3:Keep Hands Clean,Step 4:Use Mask Properly,outward,Inward,Step 4:Use Mask Properly,Points to note about wearing a surgical mask:The mask should fit snugly over the face Try not to touch the mask once it is secured
20、on your face.If you must do so,wash your hands before and after touching the maskWhen taking off the mask,avoid touching the outside of the mask,Step 4:Use Mask Properly,Points to note about wearing a surgical mask:After taking off the mask,put the mask into a plastic or paper bag before putting it
21、into a rubbish bin with a lidA surgical mask should be changed at least dailyReplace the mask immediately if it is damaged or soiled,Step 4:Use Mask Properly,Step 5:Know How Influenza Presents,Step 6:Manage Fever Well,Step 6:Manage Fever Well,Step 6:Manage Fever Well,Step 7:Practise Healthy Lifestyl
22、e,Is one of the most effective ways to prevent communicable diseasesTo lead a healthy lifestyle:Eat a balanced diet Get regular exercise Do not smoke Have adequate rest build up body resistance,Step 7:Practise Healthy Lifestyle,Major components of a balanced diet A variety of food Whole grains as th
23、e major component of each meal Plenty of fruits and vegetablesAdequate amounts of fluids,Eat adequate amounts of lean meat or beans,and reduced fat dairy products Avoid processed or preserved food and food that is rich in fat,cholesterol,salt and sugarHave regular meals,Step 7:Practise Healthy Lifes
24、tyle,Regular exercise:30 minutes every day/accumulate exercise time in multiple sessions not less than 10 minutes eachPhysical activity of moderate intensity builds up cardiovascular endurance enhances heart and lung functions and blood circulation improves health,Step 7:Practise Healthy Lifestyle,S
25、tep 8:Be Resourceful,Knowledge can alleviate fear,Before crisis comes:Go through Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Kit During the pandemic:Up-to-date and accurate information&government advice available through pamphlets,posters,websites,hotlines&the media,Be prepared in advance Understand Influenza Work Together Prevent the PANDEMIC,謝謝THANK YOU,
