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1、1.主语从句（1）引导主语从句的关联词有:that(不充当句子成分,仅起引导作用,通常用it作形式主语)，whether,who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,where,when,how,why。（2）主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常用it作形式主语的句型有：it+be+形容词（obvious,natural,surprising,wonderful,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。it+be+名词词组（no wonder,an honor,a good thin
2、g,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。,it+be+过去分词（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。It doesnt matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。,2.宾语从句(1)引导宾语从句的关联词有四类：that(在宾语从句中常可以省略）；从属连词if/whether;连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoev
3、er,whatever,whichever；连接副词where,when,how,why。（2）在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词形成的否定句中，否定词前移。（3）在think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,hope等动词以及Im afraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可以用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。如：I believe so./I dont believe so.（I believe not.),3.表语从句（1）引导表语从句的关联词有that,whether,as if,who,whom,whose,what,
4、which,whoever,whatever,whichever,where,when,how,why。,（2）连词because可引导表语从句。I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做的太多。（3）主语是reason时，表语从句用that,不用because。The reason why he didnt come was that he was ill.,4.同位语从句（1）同位语从句的先行词多为 fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,promise,truth,report,remar
5、k等。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你从哪儿听说我不能来？,（2）that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别that引导同位语从句时只起连接从句的作用，无意义，不充当句子成分，不可省。that在定语从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分，如果在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.（同位语从句，that不可省）The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.（定语从句，that在从句
6、中作told的宾语，可省）,5.定语从句（1）注意关系代词that的用法。All that can be done has been done.Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that was built about 200 years ago.,（2）关于“介词+关系代词”。能作介词宾语的关系代词只有whom和which,先行词指人时，用whom,先行词指物时用which。介词的选定有两个原则，一是看从句中的动词和哪个介词可构成固定搭配，二是看句中需用哪个介词句意才符合逻辑。,（3）当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，不能草率地认为
7、定语从句就一定用when和where引导，需要牢记的是：关系副词在定语从句中只能作状语。即使先行词是表示时间、地点的名词，但如果所缺关系词在从句中是作主语、宾语的话，仍然应用关系代词which，that。,This is the museum which/that we visited last year.(that/which是visited的宾语）这就是我们去年参观的博物馆。This is the museum where my father used to work.(where是used to work的地点状语）这就是我父亲曾经工作过的博物馆。,Ill never forget th
8、e days when I studied in this university.(when是studied的时间状语）我永远不会忘记我在这所大学学习的日子。Ill never forget the days which we spent together.(which是spent的宾语）我永远不会忘记我们在一起的时光。,（4）as,which引导的非限制性定语从句。as,which都可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中都能作主语、宾语。但是,as除了引导定语从句外，还有“正如”、“像一样”的词汇意义，which没有这个意思。此外，在句首引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用as。,(5)如果先行词是wa
9、y，可用that，in which引导定语从句，或不用关系代词。I dont like the way that he spoke to me.I dont like the way in which he spoke to me.I dont like the way he spoke to me.,6.状语从句（1）when,as,while 它们都引导时间状语从句，都可作“当时候”解。when意为“在时刻或时期”，它可指“时间点”或“时间段”，除此之外，when还可作“既然”解释。as意为“一边一边”或“随着”，着重表示主句与从句的动作同时发生。while只指“时间段”，意为“在期间”，
10、它所引导的从句的谓语只能是持续性动词。while还可用作并列连词意为“而”“但”，表对比转折。,（2）the moment,the second,the minute,as soon as,directly,immediately，instantly都是“一就”的意思。the first time,the last time作连词时，意为“当第一次的时候”，“当最后一次的时候”。no sooner.than,hardly.when,scarcely.when也是“一就”之意，但它们有时态限制，前面部分用过去完成时，后面用一般过去式。如果no sooner,hardly,scarcely在句首，
11、句子要倒装。,（3）before的惯用句型。It be+time+before.要过多久才 It be+not+time+before.不要多久就 当before引导的从句着重强调从句动作来不及发生时，全句译为“来不及就”或“不等就”。It was not long before I forgot it all.没过多久我就把这事全忘了。The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.他还没来得及冲进房间里去救他的孩子，房子就已经塌了。,（4）no matter+wh-与wh-+ever no ma
12、tter+wh-只可引导让步状语从句，wh-+ever则既可引导让步状语从句，又能引导名词性从句。当wh-+ever引导让步状语从句时，可与no matter+wh-互换。Well have to finish the job,however long it takes.(相当于no matter how long it takes)Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.,思维定式易错点1.Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm we worked.
13、A.thatB.there C.whichD.where,D,2.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was,she had run back in the direction she had come.A.of whichB.by which C.in whichD.from which,D,插入成分干扰的易错点1.was most important to her,she told me,was her family.A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As,C,2.We
14、all know that,the situation will get worse.A.not if dealt carefully with B.if not carefully dealt with C.if dealt not carefully with D.not if carefully dealt with,B,由分隔而导致的错误1.The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago.A.whenB.which C.thatD.where,D,2.A warm thought suddenly cam
15、e to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A.ifB.when C.thatD.which,C,定语从句与并列句的易错点(2008湖南，31）The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,are beyond our control.A.most of themB.most of whichC.most of whatD.most of that,B,as从句中的易错点1.,he never
16、 seems able to do the work beautifully.A.Try as he doesB.As he tries C.Try as does heD.As he does try,A,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A.A quiet student as he may be B.Quiet student as he may be C.Be a quiet student as he may D.Quiet as he may be a student,B,变式后易错点1.is reporte
17、d in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What,2._is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.,3._is reported in the newspapers is that talks between the two countries are making progress.,B,A,D,4._talks between
18、 the two countries are making progress is reported in the newspapers.,C,(2009济南市二次统考)The hospital nearby has just got a,youd call it,er.a scanner.A.thatB.which C.whatD.how,C,2.(2009济南市二次统考)Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents_ students got injured or
19、 killed while in school.A.in whichB.for which C.whichD.when,A,3.(2009潍坊一次调研)A growing anxiety is disturbing the public the economy will continuously decline.A.whichB.that C.whyD.where,B,4.(2009沈阳一模)A brilliant idea occurred to him,to his research in the lab.A.while devoting B.while devoting himself
20、C.while he was devoted D.while devoted,C,5.(2009潍坊一次质检)English is a free site visitors can not just learn the English language but also chat online.A.whereB.which C.thatD.what,A,6.(2009潍坊一次质检)The professor in the end decided to give the prize to he believed had a good command of English.A.whoB.anyon
21、e C.whoeverD.whomever,C,7.(2009潍坊一次质检)It was not just the size of the party last night made it unique,but it meant to our company.A.what;that B.that;what C.what;whatD.that;that,B,8.(2009陕西,17)The bow-to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A.whoB.whomever C.no matter who D.whoever,D,9.(2009青岛市
22、一次质检)She has been in doctors describe as a vegetative(植 物的）state for six years.A.whatB.which C.thatD.how,A,10.(2008济南模拟)Have you ever had a case your teachers were accused of getting the wrong end of the stick?A.thatB.which C.whereD.what,C,11.(2009淄博市质检)The days are gone we studied together at colle
23、ge,but I can still remember your lovely voice.A.whichB.in which C.thatD.when,D,12.(2009福州二模)Its thirty years since we last met.But I still remember the story,believe it or not,we got lost on a rainy night.A.whichB.that C.whatD.when,B,13.(2009天津名校联考)The day August 8th,2008 is a special day,I think,th
24、at will be remembered by the Chinese forever.A.whichB.one C.whatD.it,B,14.(2009东北名校联考)How did you get there on time you left here so late?A.whenB.while C.even ifD.as if,A,15.(2009温州二模)Girls used to take fewer advanced math courses than boys but now they are taking just.A.as muchB.too much C.as manyD
25、.too many,C,16.(2009沈阳二模)Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,was very reasonable.A.the price of it B.whose price C.its price D.price of which,B,17.(2009江西二模)the match is lost?We can fight again!A.Even thoughB.What though C.If thoughD.What if,B,18.（2008威海模拟）The next moment,she had time to reali
26、ze what was happening,she was hit over the head.A.sinceB.when C.beforeD.after,C,19.（2008天津南开中学模拟）The media today can draw public attention to situations help is actually needed.A.whyB.while C.whereD.whose,C,20.（2008南京金陵中学模拟）is often the case,he didnt study hard and failed to pass the test.A.WhatB.Which C.ItD.As,D,21.(2009上海,37)It is not immediately clear_ the financial crisis will soon be over.A.sinceB.what C.whenD.whether,D,
