《英语A级语法》PPT课件.ppt

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1、英语A级单选&填空,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.虚拟语气,4.时态,14.词形转换,2.定语从句,3.状语从句,11.倒装句,12.强调句,8.比较级和最高级,6.分词作状语,7.分词作定语,10.同位语,9.先行词 it,15.词组,5.被动语态,13.动词+-ing/-to do,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,虚拟语气,概念：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。,考点：,1.由if引导的虚拟条件句,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,注意：如果连接词if省略，从句中的助动词（had）要移到主语之前，形成部分倒装

2、。,练习题：,1.If he had taken the lawyers advice,he(save)_ himself a great deal of trouble.2.He might have been killed in that car accident yesterday if he(take)_ part in that activity with the team.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,3._ last Friday,he would have got to Paris.A.Would he leave B.Had he left C.If he is

3、to leave D.If he was leaving 4.If I(be)_ you,I would not miss the job interview tomorrow morning.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,考点：2.在表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that-分句中,分句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或直接用动词原型。（1）用在demand,insist（坚持）,order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest等动词之后的that-分句中。,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,（2）用在advisable（可

4、取的、明智的）,desirable（称心合意的）,essential（必要的、必不可少的）,important,impossible,necessary,proper等形容词后的that-分句中。（3）用在decision,demand,order,requirement（需要）等名词后的that-分句中。,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,练习题：,1.The representative of the company demanded that part of the agreement _ revised.A.will be B.is C.to be D.be2.It is sug

5、gested that the president of the Union(make)_ a speech on behalf of all the workers.3.It is important that he(be)_ called back immediately.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,考点：3.“情态动词+完成时态”的不同用法（1）*should have done 表示“应当做某事（但是没有做）”shouldnt have done sth 表示“本不应该做某事（而做了）”（2）must have done 对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，表示“一定做了某

6、事”。否定形式是“couldnt have done”（3)neednt have done sth 表示“本没必要做某事（却做了）”（4)would like to have done sth 表示“本打算做某事（却没做）”,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.This ATM has been out of service for a few days.It should _ last week.A.fix B.be fixed C.have fixed D.have been fixed2.Jack must _(go)away-we can not find him anywh

7、ere in the factory.,练习题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,3Tom _ the party as no one saw him there yesterday morning.A.can not attendB.mustnt attend C.wont have attendedD.couldnt have attended,表示“严禁”,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,考点：4、其他特殊句式（1）Its high time that That从句常用到虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式，表示“到了该做的时候了！”练习题：I think it is high t

8、ime we _(take)strict measures to stop pollution.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,（2）wish,would rather(sooner)后的宾语从句，谓语动词用虚拟语气。,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,一、形容词性从句概要定义：形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。结构：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系词引导。先行词+关系词+定语从句,形容词性从句定语从句,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.Here is a boy,and he d

9、amaged the vase.Here is the boy(who damaged the vase).,先行词,关系代词（作主语）,2.My cousin is an engineer,and he went to Europe last week.,My cousin,who is an engineer,went to Europe last week.,先行词,关系代词（作主语）,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,二、定语从句的分类,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,定语从句中关系代词的选择,成分,关系代词,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,定语从句中关系副词的选

10、择,1.when 表示时间2.where表示地点3.why表示原因它们在定语从句中都充当状语成分。,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.The advertising company recently hired a designer _D_ had once won a prize in a national contest.A.whose B.which C.whom D.who 2.It is important to provide an environment _C_ people are encouraged to make suggestions at all level

11、s of the company.A.from which B.on which C.in which D.for which,练习题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,3.Once more I have to leave Beijing,_B_ I have been living for eight years.A.that B.where C.which D.as 4.There is no evidence _B_ oil price will come down in the near future.（同位语）A.which B.that C.where D.as,高等学校

12、英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,5.It was not such a good job _C_ she had read about in the advertisement.A.like B.which C.as D.what,such that引导的是“结果状语从句”,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,词例,含义,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.The new staff didnt know how to use the system _ I explained it to him yesterday.A.until B.because C.if D.since2.T

13、hey had talked only for a few minutes _ they found they were of different opinions.A.unless B.while C.before D.once 3.I will ask Mr.Smith to ring you up _ he comes back to the office.A.when B.where C.because D.although,主将从现只出现在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,4.They will not start the project unti

14、l the board chairman _ back from South Africa.A.will comeB.is comingC.cameD.comes,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,目的是,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,5.He was attending a meeting,_ he would have come to your party yesterday.A.unless B.when C.but D.or 6.She did not go to the party last night,_ she had to finish her term pap

15、er.A.if B.though C.till D.because7.Young _ he is,he has proved to be an able salesman.A.that B.who C.as D.whichas构成的让步状语从句：名词词组/形容词+as+主语+谓语,Child as he is,he knows much about software programming.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,现在完成时,has/have done,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,过去完成时把时间推移到过去某一时间之前，与现

16、在时间不发生联系-表示过去的过去。,e.g.She told me her name after I had asked(ask)her twice.(p67-4-6),高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,现在完成（进行）时经常与since-词组或since-分句连用，表示“自某时以来”一直进行或者未进行某项活动。主句（现在完成时/现在完成进行时），since-从句（一般过去时）e.g.I have lived in the dormitory,since I arrived here.,现在完成时,一般过去时,自从我来这儿，就住在学生公寓。,Since-结构,高等学校英语应用能力考试A

17、级 语 法,by the end of by the time By the end of By the time,1.By the end of next month,we(find)_ a good solution to the technical problem.2.By the time you come to see me next month,I _ my term paper.A.have completed B.complete C.am completing D.will have completed,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,It is/will be+th

18、e first time that 分句（现在完成时）e.g.Is this the first time youve come to China?It was the first time that 分句（过去完成体）e.g.It was the second time I had been(be)abroad.,“It is the first time+that 分句”中的使用,这是你第一次来中国吗？,这是我第二次出国,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,Over,Thank you,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,不定式作状语*（）表示目的 e.g.We will go t

19、o the clinic tomorrow to be examined by the doctor.（）表示结果 e.g.He hurried home only to find that his grandfather was dead.（）表示原因 e.g.He was lucky to have found the lost child.,分词作状语,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,-ing分词作状语（）作时间状语 e.g.（When we were)Climbing to the top of the tower,we saw a magnificent view.（）*作原

20、因状语 e.g.Having worked hard all day,I was ready for bed all day.（）*作伴随状语 e.g.He ran up to her,breathing heavily.,表示主动,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,-ed分词作状语(1)*作时间状语 e.g.(When it is)Heated,the metal expands.(2)*作原因状语 e.g.(Because he was)Deeply moved,he thanked her again and again.,表示被动,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.Th

21、e auto industry spends large amounts of money on marketing campaigns _ young adult customers.A.attract B.attractedC.to attract D.attracts2._ by the failure of the project,the manager could hardly say a word.A.To be shocked B.ShockedC.Be shocked D.Shocking,练习题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,3._that I was not g

22、oing to get much chance for promotion,I soon became bored with my work.A.To realize B.RealizingC.Being realized D.Realized4._ up at the clock on the wall,the secretary found it was already midnight.A.Looking B.LookC.To look D.Looked,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,5._ to find the proper job,he decided to give u

23、p job-hunting in this city.A.Failed B.Being failedC.To fail D.Having failed6.The research group has submitted a report,(suggest)_ reforms to be made.7.When(ask)_ about the advertising campaign of the new product,the manager said it was a great success.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,分词作定语,-ing（现在）分词和-ed（过去）分词作

24、定语的主要差别在于：1.现在分词表示“主动（现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词，即与名词有主谓关系)和进行”。e.g.There are a lot of fans hoping for a glimpse of the movie stars.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,2.过去分词表示“被动(过去分词修饰的是承受该动作的名词,即与名词是动宾关系）和完成（不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成）“。e.g.Computers imported from abroad are usually more expensive.e.g.A lost opportunity never

25、 returns.注：单个分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,不定式作定语,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.Writing B.written C.to write D.to be written 2.The conference _ in Beijing next week is bound to be a great s

26、uccess.A.holding B.being heldC.to hold D.to be held,练习题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,3.With the help of the police,the woman finally found her(lose)_ child after a sleepless.4.It was in his childhood that he read most of the books(write)_ by Mark Twain.5.The tall building(complete)_ last month is our new cl

27、assroom building.6.Finally the woman found her(lose)_ child with the help of the police.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.Successful companies concentrate(much)_ on selling their products to their existing customers than to their

28、new ones.2.The guest paid(little)_ money than he should for the room.3.The price of petrol is much(high)_ now than it was this time last year.,填空题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,先行词 it it充当形式主语或形式宾语，后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词或名词性分句。,形式主语,1._ is reported in the newspapers that the talks between the two compan

29、ies have not made any progress.A.That B.What C.It D.As,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,练习题：,3.They regard _ as their duty to provide the best service for their customers.A.this B.what C.it D.that,形式宾语,2.It is my great honor _ to give a speech at the opening ceremony.A.to invite B.inviting C.having invited D.to

30、be invited,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,4.I do not think it necessary(discuss)_ the matter with him before the problem is settled.,Keys:,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,同位语从句 同位语从句通常用that引导，且that在从句中不充当任何成分，是对名词的内容进行解释说明.可用同位语从句修饰的名词有：news,fact,idea,promise,question,doubt,hope,evidence,suggestion,thought,message等。,高等学校英

31、语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.The message _ Mr.Black was elected chairman of the committee arrived just in time.A.which B.what C.that D.how2.News came from the sales manager _ the new product had been selling well in the local market for three months.A.whose B.what C.which D.that,练习题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,倒装（Inve

32、rsion）,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,I.部分倒装(Partial Inversion)(1)当句首为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般引起部分倒装e.g.few,little,never,hardly,rarely,scarcely,seldom,no soonerthan,Hardlywhen,not onlybut also,*not until,by no means 等.,应用：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.Little they realized that they had made a great discovery in chemistry.2.

33、Rarely we have seen a person with such bad temper.,Little did they realize that they had made a great discovery in chemistry.,Rarely have we seen a person with such bad temper.,改错题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,(2)句首状语若由“only+副词”、“only+介词词组”。“only+状语分句”构成，也引起部分倒装。只有当你亲自去做的时候，才能明白这项工作室多么艰苦。,Only when you do i

34、t yourself can you understand how hard the work is.,翻译题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,（3).“So+副词 that（部分倒装）”“So+形容词 that（全部倒装）”选择题：So_ after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that night.A.excited the mother was B.was the mother excitedC.the mother was excitedD.excited was the mother

35、,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,The workmen finished their work so quick that they were giving a bonus.,So quick,句型转换：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,句型结构：It is(was)+强调成分(除谓语成分）+that(who)+句子（原句中的剩余部分）.当被强调的部分指“人”时，that可换作who。句子的开头用it is还是it was，通常取决于其后从句的谓语动词是现在时还是过去时。,强调句:,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,（P124-6-1）她建议我们去图书馆。是她建议我去图

36、书馆。,She suggested we go to the library.,It was she that/who suggested we go to the library.,1.强调主语,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,我们的英语老师送给我一本字典。我们的英语老师送给我的是这本字典。,Our English gave me a dictionary.,It was this dictionary that our English gave me.,2.强调宾语,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,我上周接到通知。我是在上周接到通知的。,I got the notice l

37、ast week.,It was last week that I got the notice.,3.强调状语,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,It was not until the accident happened _.(2001年6月A级)A.when I realized my carelessness B.that I realized my carelessness C.as I realized my carelessness D.when my carelessness has been realized,选择题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,You w

38、orked very hard yesterday.,那如何强调谓语呢？,You did work very hard yesterday.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,动词+-ing/-to do,1.*只能带-ing分词的动词 这类动词常见的有：avoid,admit,cant help,consider,dislike,dont mind,imagine,include,(enjoy,finish,give up).2.只能带不定式的动词 这类动词常见的有：agree,choose,decide,demand,determine,expect,prepare,promise,

39、refuse.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,3.既能直接带-ing又能带-to do的动词（1）意义无甚区别 这类动词常见的有：attempt,begin,continue,hate,intend,like,love,plan,prefer,require,start.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,(2)意义有区别 表一：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,表二：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,表三：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.Mr.Smith considered(sell)_ his car and his house before

40、 moving to Beijing.（A级）2.I wondered why the boy often avoided(talk)_ with his classmates.3.I dont mind(have)_ a dog in the house so long its clean and it doesnt smell.,练习题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,4.They stopped(search)_ for the missing plane as the weather was very rough.5.I do not regret _ her what I

41、thought about her proposal,even if it upset her.（A级）A.tellB.to tellC.toldD.telling,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,(1)动词-名词-ment invest-investment-ence differ-difference-tion solve-solution-ation-sion decide-decision-ion create-creation(2)形容词-名词ness happy-happiness large-largeness,词型转换,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,(3)名词

42、-形容词-ful success-successful;-al nation-national(4)形容词-副词-ly effective-effectively calm-calmly(5)名词-动词 belief-believe,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,Exercise:*“冠词+(形容词)+名词”、“形容词+名词（不可数/可数名词复数）”I.动词-名词 1.I am sure the secretary who has just been hired will prove to be an efficient(employ)2.I cannot go shopping w

43、ith you because I have an(appoint)with my dentist this afternoon.II.形容词-名词3.They fully recognized the enormous(strong)and influence of the union.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,III.名词-名词4.My sister has recently got a job as a(reception)in a hotel.IV.名词-形容词5.Following the(success)settlement of the strike,the tr

44、ain service is now back to normal.6.The organization started a(nation)campaign against cigarette smoking in public places.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,*系动词后需要形容词7.It is(reason)for parents to pay for their childrens education.V.形容词-动词8.We should read more and see more in order to(wide)our horizons.,高等学校英语应用能

45、力考试A 级 语 法,*副词是用来修饰形容词、动词或整个句子的。9.They decided not to visit the Great Wall because it was raining(heavy).10.Application for this training course should be sent(direct)to the admission office.11.The little girl gave an(extreme)wonderful performance last night.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.be worth doing 值得做

46、2.look forward to doing sth 期盼做3.be surprised at 惊讶于4.to ones surprise 让某人惊奇的是5.be happy with sth 对感到满意6.insist on doing sth 坚持做,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,7.Beyond ones ability 超出某人的能力范围8.Spend(时间）in doing sth 花费时间做9.Keep ones eyes fixed on sth 一直盯着看10.succeed in doing sth 成功做成11.cannot/couldnt do anything but do“不能做只能做”12.would rather do sth.than do sth.“情愿做而不愿做另外一件事情”,