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1、应用型研究生英语系列教材,A Practical English Course for Postgraduate Students,研究生英语应用教程,Back,Next,Unit 1,Unit Two,Table of Contents,Reading,Back,Next,Reading Passage A,1.flagship universities A flagship university refers to the leading comprehensive public research university in a given U.S.state.Flagship unive
2、rsities are usually the largest public institutions of higher learning in the state and are generally well-known nationally.They are also typically research intensive and Ph.D.granting institutions and are usually the oldest public university in a state university system.,Notes,Reading,Back,Next,Rea
3、ding Passage A,2.higher education in ChinaThere are over 2,000 universities and colleges in China,with more than six million enrollments in total.China has set up a degree system,including Bachelors,Masters and Doctoral degrees that are open to foreign students.The country offers non-degree programs
4、 as well.Since China began to develop a Western-oriented university model at the end of nineteenth century,Chinese higher education has continued to evolve.Since the late 1980s,tremendous economic development in China has stimulated reforms in higher education that have resulted in remarkable change
5、s.,Reading,Back,Next,Reading Passage A,Comprehension,Discuss the following questions with your partners.,1.Are you satisfied with your university education?Why or why not?2.Do you believe your secondary education is not good enough to get you well-prepared for higher education?3.Should higher educat
6、ion attach greater importance to research or teaching?,Reading,Back,Next,Reading Passage B,1.status quoStatus quo is a Latin term meaning“the present existing state of affairs,or the situation as it was before a recent change”.To maintain the status quo is to keep the things the way they currently a
7、re.,Notes,Reading Passage B,Notes,2.African-AmericanAfrican-Americans or black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa.In the United States,the term is generally used for Americans with at least partial Sub-Saharan African a
8、ncestry.Most African-Americans are the descendants of captive Africans who survived the slavery era within the boundaries of the present United States,although some are or are descended from voluntary immigrants from Africa,the Caribbean,Central America,South America,or elsewhere.African-Americans m
9、ake up the single largest racial minority in the United States,though Hispanics compose the largest ethnic minority.,Back,Next,Reading Passage B,Notes,Back,Next,3.property taxProperty tax,or millage tax,is an ad valorem tax（从价税）that an owner pays on the value of the property being taxed.The taxing a
10、uthority requires and/or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of the property,and tax is assessed in proportion to that value.Forms of property tax used vary between countries and jurisdictions.In the US,property taxes are imposed by counties,municipalities,and school districts,where the mill
11、age rate is usually determined by county commissioners,city council members,and school board members,respectively.The taxes fund budgets for schools,police,fire stations,hospitals,garbage disposal,sewers,road and sidewalk maintenance,parks,libraries,and miscellaneous expenditures.,Reading Passage B,
12、Back,Next,Notes,4.The No Child Left Behind ActThe No Child Left Behind Act of 2001(Public Law 107-110),often abbreviated in print as NCLB and sometimes shortened in pronunciation to“nickelbee”,is a controversial United States federal law(Act of Congress)that reauthorized a number of federal programs
13、 aiming to improve the performance of U.S.primary and secondary schools by increasing the standards of accountability for states,school districts,and schools,as well as providing parents more flexibility in choosing which schools their children will attend.Visiting Hamilton High School in Hamilton,O
14、hio,Jan.8,2002,President George W.Bush signed into law The No Child Left Behind Act.,Reading Passage B,Notes,5.culture of povertyBased on the culture of poverty concept,the poor have a unique value system.The culture of poverty theory suggests the poor remain in poverty because of their adaptations
15、to the burdens of poverty.,Back,Next,Reading,Back,Next,Reading Passage B,Comprehension,Answer the following questions.,Speaking,Speaking,Brainstorming,Work in groups.Think out as many words and expressions as possible about the following topics.,Synonyms for Leisure Activities elementary school high
16、 school public school _Curriculummandatory history courses_ _,junior middle/high school senior middle/high school private school college university normal school comprehensive school technical school vocational school trade school,compulsory selective courses humanities art music history social scie
17、nce physical science physical education(PE),Back,Next,Speaking,Back,Next,Speaking,Educational Systemteachers board members administrators_ _Higher Educationacademic freedom scholarship matriculation _ _ _,faculty pupils students education department/bureau educators enrollment recruit,creativity fle
18、xibility research tuition public budget library lab/laboratory teaching assistant lecturer associate professor professor instructor president dean college university institute student union campus community,Speaking,Back,Next,Developing CountriesBrazil Russia India_,China Chile Egypt Cuba Jordan,Spe
19、aking,Back,Next,Speaking,Discussion,I.Have you ever studied abroad or visited schools in other parts of the world?How do you compare the primary/secondary/higher education systems in Western countries and China?How do you compare the university you graduated from and the one you are now studying in?
20、II.Do you think college cultures tend to be influenced by local cultures?Why?III.Name two or three universities you like most and state the reasons.IV.Do you have any part-time jobs?Do you agree that they benefit a post-graduate even at the cost of time for academic learning?V.Do you believe that ca
21、mpus love leads to a happy marriage?,Speaking,Presentation Practice,Introductions can become repetitive,and its important to maintain the attention of the audience by varying the words you use.You should do your best to have a range of words and expressions available to you.Replace each expression i
22、n italics in the introduction below with one from the list.,Back,Next,d,c,h,f,i,e,a,b,g,Translation,Back,Next,Translation,Exercises,I.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.,1.Dont treat me like a guest.2.Like charges dispel,unlike charges attract.3.Land animals are thought to have developed
23、 from sea animals.4.Our country is planning to develop the northwestern region.5.I would like to develop this idea a little more fully before I go on to my next point.,别像对待客人那样对待我。,电荷同性相斥，异性相吸。,我国正在计划开发西北地区。,一般认为陆地动物是从海洋动物进化来的。,在讲下一点之前，我想把这一点阐述得更充分一些。,Translation,Back,Next,Translation,6.In every Chi
24、nese city,we got into the streets,shops,parks,theatres and restaurants.7.For me,teaching is a red-eye,sweaty-palm,sinking-stomach profession.8.Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.9.He put his hands in his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.,在中国，我们每到一个城市都会逛大街，兜商场，游公园，上剧院，下饭馆。
25、,对我而言，教书这一职业让人经常熬红双眼、手心出汗、精神沮丧。,他把手插进口袋里，（然后）耸了耸肩。,从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训要好。,Translation,Back,Next,Translation,10.A solar cell is reproductive by itself under any circumstances.,太阳能电池在任何情况下都可以自行充电。,11.The image must be dimensionally correct.,图像尺寸必须正确。,12.This new device is chiefly featured by its c
26、onvenience of operation.,这台新装置的主要特点是易于操作。,13.They serve their motherland with devotion and loyalty.,他们忠心耿耿报效祖国。,14.He is a man with a reputation for honesty.,他享有诚实的好名声。,15.He is a man of integrity,but unfortunately he has certain reputation.,他是个正直的人，却不幸有着某种坏名声。,Translation,Back,Next,Translation,II.T
27、ranslate the following passage into Chinese.,Translation,Back,Next,Translation,Translation,Back,Next,Translation,III.Translate the underlined parts of the passages in the READING section into Chinese.,Translation,Back,Next,Translation,Passage A 很多学生在进入大学时学习基础较为薄弱。其根源在于初等教育和中等教育的落后，以及学生对所学科目缺乏选择性。而高等
28、教育机构几乎没有针对这些学生而设置的补救性课程。文化传统和基础设施的限制通常使学生选择诸如人文科学和艺术这样的学科，这些学科的就业机会有限，经常导致“毕业即失业”的状况。与此同时，合格的理科毕业生却供不应求。在某些国家，女性只学习与其传统角色相一致的科目，而不是学习能在人才市场上给予其最大机会的科目。因此，有关劳动力市场的信息必须保持通畅，促进经济发展和劳动力吸收的政策也必不可少。另外，很多家境富裕的毕业生不愿去相对落后的地区工作。促进企业文化也有助于创造更多的生产性工作岗位。,Translation,Back,Next,Passage A 高等教育的诸多问题，其根源在于资金匮乏。例如，发展中
29、国家的生均投入远低于发达国家，然而找到新的资金来源并非易事。尽管投资的绝对数目较低，但是发展中国家的教育投入占总收入（低于发达国家）的比例已高于发达国家。其公共教育投入的增长速度不仅高于国民收入的增长速度，也高于政府总支出的增长速度。显而易见，高等教育对于公共预算的需求在增长，而私人机构和国际捐赠组织的作用没有得到充分发挥。因为高等教育的生均投入已远远高于其他层次教育的生均投入，所以从初等教育和中等教育里抽调资金给高等教育也是行不通的。,Translation,Passage B 教育在生活中所扮演的角色，应该是培养人们的自主意识，使其具有批判思维，不是被动地接受知识，而是能够对自己所学的内容
30、提出质疑。教育应该给予学生了解世界并懂得如何运转所必需的技能和智慧，使学生得以在这个世界生存下去。然而，众所周知，美国教育体制培养出来的学生对整个世界以及其他文化简直是一无所知。,Back,Next,Translation,Passage B 原因之一在于现行的教育体制对培养学生的批判性思维无所建树，而是在经济全球化的大背景下，把学生训练成安于现状、听话顺从的工蜂（“劳动者”）。看看其课程设置，问题便一目了然：对学术能力培养缺乏重视，受到高度关注的却是某些能够决定学生命运的考试。全国各类学校都充斥着含混不清的课程设置，就好像学生只要不断地通过考试，就能为在一个崭新的全球化世界中生活做好准备，而无论这个崭新的世界到底会是个什么样子。,Back,Next,Writing,Exercises,I.Write a summary of Passage A within 150 words.,Back,Next,Writing,Back,Next,Writing,Thank you!,应用型研究生英语系列教材,
