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1、被动语态专题,谓语动词的语态表示句子的主语和谓语动作之间的关系-1）当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主、谓之间的关系称为主动语态；2）当句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态。例如：,English is spoken in many countries all over the world.（,I teach English.（主动语态）我教英语。Our English is taught by him.（被动语态）我们的英语是由他教的。He speaks English.（主动语态）他说英文。,在被动语态的句子中，谓语部分的结构是be+p.p.（过去分词）。被动语态
2、的句子有时态的变化，这个变化反映在be动词上。也就是说，把一个句子做成被动语态的句子，只需要写出BE动词的所需时态，再加上所给动词的过去分词就行了。,那么，下面我们来看看be在各种时态中的变化形式：,一般现在时 am/is/are 一般过去时 was/were 一般将来时 shall/will+be 过去将来时 would/should+be 现在进行时 am/is/are+being 过去进行时 was/were+being 现在完成时 have/has+been 过去完成时 had+been,1.一般现在时被动语态：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词，（be是助动词）e.g:Engli
3、sh is spoken by many people.German isnt taught in our school.Is French studied in your school?,The Chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world.A.considers B.is considering C.is considered D.has considered,2.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+及物动词的过去分词e.g:These new houses were built in 2000.My bike wasnt made
4、in Shanghai.Was this kind of machine made in Shenzhen?,注意：被动语态中be的形式是由主语决定的,一般过去时态：was/were+过去分词John _,for he went swimming yesterday without permission.A.would punished B.had punished C.punished D.was punished,3.情态动词的被语态：must/can/may+be+动词的过去分词e.g:The car mustnt be stopped here.Can this chair be ta
5、ken out of the room?This job must be finished on time.,现在进行时态：am/is/are+being+过去分词-Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet.Rooms _.A.are painting B.are painted are being painting D.are being painted,过去进行时态：was/were+being+过去分词Mr.Wu was in hospital.When we went to seehim,he_on.A.operated B.was oper
6、ated C.was operating D.was being operated,一般将来时态：will+be+过去分词The new school _ when the new term begins.A.finishes B.will finish C.will be finished D.would finish,过去将来时态：would+be+过去分词The old scientist said that he _ to visit their country before long.A.invited B.had invited C.was inviting D.would be
7、invited,现在完成时态：have/has+been+过去分词With the help of the Hope Project,more and more new schools _ in the poor area.A.built B.have built C.have been built D.have been building,过去完成时态：had+been+过去分词 He came out and told us that the work _.A.finished B.was finished C.had finished D.had been finished,情态动词：情
8、态动词+be+过去分词The programmes _ if you use a short wave radio.A.can pick up B.pick up C.picked up D.can be picked up,小窍门：我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成：be+及物动词的过去分词表示时态 表示被动 要变化 不变化,3.何时用被动语态不知道或没必要知道动作的执者。The book was first published in the late 1990s.b)不便说出动作的执行者。The plan was generally considered impractical.,3.何时用
9、被动语态c)突出动作的承受者。She is respected by all the workers of the factory.d)汉语中的无主语，在英语中用被动语态。Smoking is not allowed in public places,4.不用被动语态的情况：1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen,occur,take placeThe story was happened in 1934.(）2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have,lack,fit I have a new bike.,3）连系动词不用被动语态；The story is sounded true.()
10、4）有些短语不用被动语态 do ones best,make a face,make room(腾位子）make up ones mindbelong to,5.特殊情况（考试重点）1）感官动词(taste;feel;smell;sound;look)用主动形式表示被动。How sweet the music sounds!Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.,5.特殊情况（考试重点）2）write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、drink、wash、open/shut常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词 well,easi
11、ly时。The book sells well.这本书销路很好。The door will not open.(这扇门就是打不开。),This dress washes better.The sign reads as follows.(这牌子告示如下。)3）在“主 be 形容词不定式”的结构中，尽管主语是不定式动词动作的承受者。e.g.He is easy to get along with.The sentence is difficult to understand.,The question is easy to answer.4).be to blame be to let e.g.
12、He is to blame for the broken window.This house is to let.(出租),5）need,demand,want(需要）,require,be worth等后用动名词表被动。The desk needs repairing.The novel is worth seeing.,注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。但若有附加成分用动词不定式的被动形式。比较：,The desk needs repairing.The desk needs to be repaired this afternoon.注意动名词的被动形式，（
13、being done)Nobody likes being laughed of.没人喜欢被嘲笑。,The end,5)be worth doing e.g.The book is worth reading.,二 被动语态的几种类型：1主动句中有一个宾语的被动语态He saw her in the shop yesterday.She was seen in the shop yesterday.2主动句中有二个宾语的被动语态 Jim gave me a book.I was given a book by Jim.A book was given to me by Jim.,3 主动句中含
14、有宾语补足语句子的被动语态 Mother told me not to be late.I was told not to be late by mother.I saw mother planting flowers in the garden.Mother was seen planting flowers in the garden.,They made him work 12 hours a day.He was made to work 12 hours a day.4.短语动词的被动语态 I can take good care of the baby.The baby can b
15、e taken good care of.,主语+系动词+表语”的句子没有被动语态there be 句型没有被动语态被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated坐着He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。,be lost迷路be drunk喝醉be dressed穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.,
16、（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)The book is well sold.(系表结构),Practice:1 Must I pay for it at once?_ it _ _ _ at once?2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They arent stopping the traffic now.,Must,been,paid,for,will,be,built,isnt,been,stop
17、ping,has,been,kept,The traffic _ _ _ now.4 How long have you kept the book?How long _ the book _ _?,5 If your homework _(do)well,you may go to play.6 Mr.Green was seen _(grow)trees.7 The blackboard was _(look)carefully by the students.8 The ship model _ be _(make)in two days.,is done,to grow,looked at,will,made,
