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1、英译汉诗歌翻译及赏析,张欣 卢岩,诗是一种最古老的文学形式，它是伴随着音乐舞蹈产生的，而人们常常吟唱诗，诗又称为诗歌。一直以来对于诗歌的翻译就争论不休，分为两大阵营：,诗之不可译(Untranslatability)罗伯特L弗洛斯特：诗就是在翻译中失去的那种东西 Robert L.Frost：Poetry is what is lost in translation歌德（Wolfgang von Goethe）穆诗雄论中国古典诗歌的不可译性,诗之可译(Translatability)郭沫若/王佐良/许渊冲：以诗译诗闻一多：诗笔译诗成仿吾译诗论：译诗也应当是诗，这是我们所最不能忘记的。译诗应当忠
2、于原文。冯庆华：译诗要把握其思想感情、意境形象、音韵节奏和风格神韵；讲究音美、形美、意美,英语诗歌汉译,关于英诗汉译一直存在较多的争论，大致有两种不同的一件，一种主张把英诗翻译成“中国诗”，另一种主张译诗应该连同原诗的形式一起一直过来，使它尽可能接近原作，其实，形式是由内容决定并为内容服务的，在翻译过程中应致力于为内容寻找最适合的形式和方法，恰如其分地传达原诗神韵的同时，尽可能地忠于原诗的形式。,英译汉诗歌技巧,技巧一：保留诗歌的节奏技巧二：保留诗歌的意象技巧三：保留诗歌的形式美,赏析（一）保留诗歌的节奏,If after every tempest come such calms,May t
3、he winds blow till they waken d death!And let the labouring bark climb hills of seasOlympus-high,and duck again as lowAs hells from heaven！-Shakespeare,要是每次暴风雨之后，都有这样和煦的阳光，那么尽管让狂风肆意地吹，把死亡都吹醒了吧！让那辛苦挣扎的船舶爬上一座座如山的高浪，就像从高高的天上堕下幽深的地狱一般，一泻千丈地跌下来吧！-朱生豪,赏析（二）保留诗歌的意象,The days are in the yellow leaf,The flowe
4、rs and fruits of love are gone,The worm,the canker,and the grief 选自拜伦的“这一天我满三十六岁”,年华黄叶秋，花实空悠悠。多情徒自苦，残泪带愁留。,赏析（三）保留诗歌的形式美,The years at the spring The years at spring And days at the morn;Mornings at seven;The hill-sides dew-pearled;The larks on the wing;The snails on the thorn;Gods in his heaven-Alls
5、 right with the world!,这是一年的春季这是一年的春季，这是一天的早上；这是早晨七点钟；山坡上缀满露珠；云雀在振翅扑翼；蜗牛爬到荆棘上；上帝在他的天庭多好哇世上万物！,赏析四,The human seasons Four season fill the measure of the year;There are four seasons in the mind of Man;He has his lusty Spring,when fancy clear Takes in all beauty with an easy span:He has his Summer,when
6、 luxuriouslySprings honeyd cud of youthful thought he loves To ruminate,and by such dreaming nigh His nearest unto heaven:quiet covesHis soul has in its Autumn,when his wings He furleth close;contented so to look On mists in idleness-to let fair things Pass by unheeded as a threshold brook:He has hi
7、s Winter too of pale misfeature,Or else he would forgo his mortal nature.,人生的四季四个季节把一年的时间填满，人的心灵也包含着四个季节：在他朝气蓬勃的春天，一瞬间，清晰地俊赏吸收了美的一切。在他的夏天，他爱把年轻的思想 在春天里采的花蜜反复品味，细细欣赏那蜜汁的甘甜芳香，乘着这高原的冥想冲天而飞。,他心灵的秋天有如小湾安谧，这是他心满意足地收拢翅膀，懒看着雾色；赏心悦目的万事 像小河淌过门前，不在他心上。他也有面目全非的苍白冬天，除非他走在自然的死亡之前。,翻译水平的提高离不开翻译理论的指导，但更重要的是要有翻译实践。翻
8、译中碰到的问题千变万化，即使是一个最容易最简单的词，有时在某种场合下也会让你绞尽脑汁而翻译不好。你学到的理论和技巧可能都用不上，可以说翻译中无处不存在着陷阱。,解决的办法就是努力实践、实践、再实践。,我的观点：,理论是一个框架，也是一种支撑。从目前的角度来讲，理论对于我们来讲就像空中楼阁，也许，在实践的这条路上，我们能够更加确切的清晰地认识理论，运用理论，继而升华理论吧。所以，让我们一起来实践！,The fish in the water is silent,the animal on the earth is noisy,the bird in the air is singing.But
9、Man has in him the silence of sea,the noise of the earth and the music of the air.,水里的游鱼是沉默的，陆地上的兽类是喧闹的，空中的飞鸟是歌唱着的；但是人类却兼有了海里的沉默，地上的喧闹，与空中的音乐。,The bird wishes it were a cloud.The cloud wishes it were a bird.The grass seeks her crowd in the earth.The tree seeks his solitude of the sky.,.鸟儿愿为一朵云。云儿愿为一
10、只鸟。绿草求她地上的伴侣。树木求他天空的寂寞。,I cannot choose the best.The best chooses me.Once we dreamt that we were strangers.We wake up to find that we were dear to each other.我不能选择那最好的。是那最好的选择我。有一次，我们梦见大家都是不相识的。我们醒了，却知道我们原是相亲爱的。,My thoughts shimmer with these shimmering leaves and my heart sings with the touch of th
11、is sunlight;my life is glad to be floating with all things into the blue of space,into the dark of time.我的思想随着这些闪耀的绿叶而闪耀着，我的心灵接触者这日光也唱了起来；我的生命因为偕了万物一同浮泛在空间的蔚蓝，时间的墨黑中，正在快乐着呢。,Roots are the branched down in the earth.Branches are roots in the air.根是地下的枝。枝是空中的根。,Let life be beautiful like summer flower
12、s and death like autumn leaves.使生如夏花之绚烂，死如秋叶之静美。,My thoughts shimmer with these shimmering leaves and my heart sings with the touch of this sunlight;my life is glad to be floating with all things into the blue of space,into the dark of time.我的思想随着这些闪耀的绿叶而闪耀着，我的心灵接触者这日光也唱了起来；我的生命因为偕了万物一同浮泛在空间的蔚蓝，时间的墨
13、黑中，正在快乐着呢。,The first thought of God was an angel.The first word of God was a man.,Do not linger to gather flowers to keep them,but walk on,for flowers will keep themselves blooming all your way只管走过去，不必逗留着去采了花朵来保存，因为一路上，花朵自会继续开放的。,Seven times have I despised my soul:The first time when I saw her bein
14、g meek that she might attain height.The second time when I saw her limping before the crippled.The third time when she was given to choose between the hard and the easy,and she chose the easy.The forth time when she committed a wrong,and comforted herself that others also commit wrong.The fifth time
15、 when she forbore for weakness,and attributed her patience to strength.The sixth time when she despised the ugliness of a face,and knew not that it was one of her own masks.And the seventh time when she sang a song of praise,and deemed it a virtue.,我曾经七次鄙视自己的灵魂【卡里纪伯伦】第一次，当它本可进取时，却故作谦卑；第二次，当它在空虚时，用爱欲
16、来填充；第三次，在困难和容易之间，它选择了容易；第四次，它犯了错，却借由别人也会犯错来宽慰自己；第五次，它自由软弱，却把它认为是生命的坚韧；第六次，当它鄙夷一张丑恶的嘴脸时，却不知那正是自己面具中的一副；第七次，它侧身于生活的污泥中，虽不甘心，却又畏首畏尾。,Loveliest of trees,Loveliest of trees the cherry nowIs hung with bloom along the bough,And stands about the woodland rideWearing white for Eastertide.Now,of my threescore
17、 years and ten,Twenty will not come again,And take from seventy springs a score,It only leaves me fifty more.And since to look at things in bloomFifty springs are little room,About the woodlands I will go To see the cherry hung with snow.,最可爱的树最可爱的树要数樱桃，眼下它花儿正满枝梢，站在林间的小路边上，复活节期间披着素装。在我可期的七十岁内，有二十已经一去不回；七十中把这二十削减，那就只剩五十度春天。要把盛开的东西观赏，五十度春天实在不长；我要把那片林地走遍，把披着雪的樱桃看看。,你是人间的四月天 一句爱的赞颂 林徽因 我说你是人间的四月天；笑响点亮了四面风；轻灵 在春的光艳中交舞着变。你是四月早天里的云烟，黄昏吹着风的软，星子在 无意中闪，细雨点洒在花前。那轻，那娉婷你是，鲜妍 百花的冠冕你戴着，你是 天真，庄严，你是夜夜的月圆。,雪化后那篇鹅黄，你象；新鲜 初放芽的绿，你是；柔嫩喜悦 水光浮动着你梦期待中白莲。你是一树一树的花开，是燕 在梁间呢喃，你是爱，是暖，是希望，你是人间的四月天！选自学文一卷一期（1934年4月5日）,
