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1、诗歌翻译赏析,诗歌赏析,诗歌是高度集中概括并反映社会生活的一种文学体裁。通过凝练而极其形象的语言及鲜明的节奏与和谐的音韵，充满音乐美地将诗人丰富的想象和感情充分地传达出来。诗歌写了我们的感受，是对经验的提炼。,诗歌翻译的原则,诗歌是一门复杂的综合性艺术。思想情感，意境形象，音韵节奏和风格神韵等几个方面的统一体，即所谓音美，意美，形美的统一体。译诗，既要保持原状，又要适当灵活变通。“入于诗，出于诗，只见诗”,译诗第一要体现原诗的神韵，使译诗的文字醒豁，第三是所译诗歌的音乐要铿锵。,江雪,一、关于江雪,江雪，作者柳宗元，创作于诗人谪居永州期间。他借助歌咏隐居山水的渔翁，来寄托自己清高孤傲的情怀，抒
2、发政治上失意的苦闷和压抑，表达诗人永贞革新失败后，虽处境孤独，但仍傲岸不屈的性格。诗中客观境界的幽僻更能体现出作者落寞孤寂的心情。,这是一首押仄韵的五言绝句，“千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。”绝：绝迹。人踪：人的踪迹。灭：消失，没有了。千山：虚指所有的山。万径：虚指所有的路。这两行的意思是：所有的山上，都看不到飞鸟的影子；所有的小路，都没有人的踪影。“孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。”孤：孤零零。舟：小船。蓑：蓑衣。笠：斗笠。这两行的意思是：（在）孤零零的一条小船上，坐着一个身披蓑衣，头戴斗笠的老翁，在大雪覆盖的寒冷江面上独自垂钓。,北京大学吴小如这样解读：“首先，诗人用千山、万径两个词，是为了给下面两句中
3、孤舟和独钓的画面作陪衬。没有千、万两字，下面的孤、独两字也就平淡无奇，没有感染力。其次，山上的鸟飞，路上的人踪，本来是极平常的事，也是最一般化的形象。可是，诗人却把它们放在千山、万径的下面，再加上一个绝和一个灭字，这就把最常见的、最一般化的动态，一下子给变成了极端的寂静、绝对的沉默，形成一种不平常的景象。,张海鸥（2000：300，301）认为江雪写的是静态，“诗人运用了对比、衬托的手法：千山万径之广远衬托孤舟老翁之渺小；鸟绝人灭之阒寂对比老翁垂钓之生趣；画面之安谧冷寂衬托人物心绪之涌动。孤处独立的老翁实际是诗人心情意绪的写照。”,原文：千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。（柳宗元
4、：江雪,译文一：Fishing in SnowFrom hill to hill no bird in flight;From path to path no man in sight.A lonely fisherman afloatIs fishing snow in a lonely boat.（许渊冲 译）,译文二：River SnowThese thousand peaks cut off the flight of birdsOn all the trails,human tracks are gone.A single boat boat hat an old man!Alone
5、 fishing chill river snow.(摘自Mair,Vivtor H.（ed.）The Shorter Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature,Columbia University Press/New York,2000),译文三：River Snow A hundred mountains and no bird,A thousand paths without a footprint;A little boat,a bamboo cloak,An old man fishing in the cold ri
6、ver-snow.（Witter Bynner 译文）,译文四：The Snowbound RiverOer mountains and mountains no bird is on the wing;On thousand lines of the pathways theres no footprint.In a lone boat on the snowbound river,an old man,In palm-bark cape and straw hat,drops his angle string.(吴钧陶 编译）,译文五：The birds have flown away f
7、rom every hill.Along each empty path no footprint seen.In his lone skiff his bamboo garments screenAn aged fisher from the snowstorm chill.（Fletcher 译文）,译文六：Myriad mountains not a bird flying.Endless roads not a trace of men.Only an old fisherman in a lonely boat,Angling silently in the river covere
8、d with snow.（吴经熊 译）,译文七：Snow RiverOer mountains and mountains could be seen no birds Along paths and trails could be found no footprints An old man with a rain cape and a rain hat Is fishing alone in a single boat in the snow river.（李明 译）,清明,COMPARISON OF THREE VERSIONS OF QINGMING,原文：清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断
9、魂。借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。（杜牧：清明）,诗的首句“清明时节雨纷纷”，点明诗人所置身的时间、气象等自然条件。清明节为唐代的大节日之一，这一天，或合家团聚，或上坟扫墓，或郊游踏青，活动多样。但是杜牧在池州所过的清明节却不见阳光，只是“天街小雨润如酥”，细雨纷纷。,第二句“路上行人欲断魂”，由写客观转入状摹主观，着重写诗人的感情世界。他看见路上行人吊念逝去亲人，伤心欲绝，悲思愁绪。“借问酒家何处有”一句。诗人融景伤怀至极，而又要冒雨赶路，雨湿衣衫、春寒料峭。诗人希冀借酒消愁。于是，他便向人问路了。,结句“牧童遥指杏花村”，点明了上句诗人问路的对象，“牧童遥指”把读者带入了一个与前面哀愁悲
10、惨迥异的焕然一新的境界，小牧童热心甜润的声音，远处杏花似锦，春意闹枝，村头酒旗飘飘，真有“柳暗花明又一村”的韵致诗的前两句创造了一幅凄迷感伤的艺术画面，后两句则创造了一幅鲜明生动的画面，前抑后扬，对比交错，相映成趣。与诗人的感情脉搏一致。,吴伟雄今译（借用英诗韵式aabb）：清明这天毛毛雨，纷纷扬扬；孤身赶路扫墓人，心境凄凉。“请问哪里有酒店，借酒消愁？”牧童笑笑指远方：“杏花村有！”,译文一：It drizzles endless during the rainy season in spring,Travelers along the road look gloomy and misera
11、ble.When I ask a shepherd boy where I can find a tavern,He points at a distant hamlet nestling amidst apricot blossoms.(In the Rainy Season of Spring,Tr.杨宪益，戴乃迭),译文二：A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day;The mourners heart is going to break on his way.Where can a wineshop be found to
12、 drown his sad hours?A cowherd points to a cot mid apricot flowers.(The Mourning Day,Tr.许渊冲),译文三：It drizzles thick on the Pure Brightness Day;I travel with my heart lost in dismay.“Is there a public house somewhere,cowboy?”He points at Apricot Bloom Village faraway.（吴均陶 译）,译文四：The Pure Brightness Da
13、y It drizzles on end on the Pure Brightness Day in spring;I feel gloomy on my way from graveyard mourning.Where can I have a drink to drown my sorrow,I ask a cowboy.He points to a hamlet far mid apricot blossoms.（李明 译）,译文五：The rain falls thick and fast on All Souls Day，The men and women sadly move a
14、long the way.They ask where wineshops can be found or where to rest-And there the herdboys fingers Almond-Town suggest.（蔡廷干英译，韵式aabb）,译文六：Upon the Clear-and-Bright Feast of spring,the rain drizzleth down in spray.Pedestrians on countryside ways,in gloom are pinning away.When asked Where a tavern fai
15、r for rest,is hereabouts to be found,The shepherd boy the Apricot Bloom Vill,doth point to afar and say.孙大雨英译（韵式aaba）,译文七：The ceaseless drizzle drips all the dismal day,So broken-hearted fares the traveler on the way.When asked where could be found a tavern bower,A cowboy points to yonder village of
16、 the apricot flower.（万昌盛、王僴中英译，韵式aabb）,译文八：It drizzles thick and fast on the Mourning Day,The mourners heart is going to break on his way.When asked for a wineshop to drown his sad hours?A cowboy points to a hamlet amid apricot flowers.（吴伟雄英译，韵式aabb）,译文九：It drizzles thick and fast on the Mourning Da
17、y,The mourner travels with his heart lost in dismay.When asked for a wineshop to kill his gloomy time,A cowboy points at Almond Hamlet far away.（吴伟雄英译，韵式aaba）,译文十：It often rains on and off on the Mourning Day,Men on the road are sad for those who pass away.To ease my mind,I ask where I can find a bar,The shepherd points to a flower-grown cot afar.（张和一 英译，The Mourning),
