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1、1,第二章 英译汉的技巧,Basic Skills for English-Chinese Translation,2,The Methods of Translation,Literal&Liberal Translationthe conflict between content and formliteral translation：the original form can be fully preserved in the TL,thus reproducing the original styleliberal translation：smooth and natural enou
2、gh and increase the readability,3,1.Literal Translation,ExamplesHe was seized with the despairing sense of helplessness.他被束手无策的绝望感抓住了。他忽然产生了束手无策的绝望感。The communiqu stirred a belated reaction.公报引起了过晚的反应。公报发表后迟迟才有反应。The thought that Thomas might have failed was intolerable,agonizing.托马斯可能已经失败的想法是令人不可忍受
3、的，痛苦的。他一想到托马斯可能已经失败，就感到难以忍受的痛心。,4,b.What is Literal Translationthe preservation of both the original content and the form,5,c.注意1）literal translationword-for-word translation2)literal translationdead translation街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生：Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.in the street i
4、n the community她一大早起床，进城，见到了她的公爹：She got up early,went to the town and saw her public father.public father father in law,6,d.常用直译法的情况,某些习语和短语的翻译：cold war hot linehot girls in cool suit/spicy girlblack marketBlood is thicker than water.,冷战,热线,辣妹,黑市,血浓于水,7,与家人团聚一堂 get together with family members,have
5、 a family reunion看中央电视台春节晚会 watch the CCTV celebration party on the Spring Festival eve.watch the Chinese New Years program on CCTV吃美食eat delicious food,8,2）含义广为流传的短语、习语等He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬队伍的前
6、头，还不时用一条大手绢抹去那鳄鱼的眼泪。The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended the olive branch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy.参议院外交委员会今天向克林顿政府伸出了橄榄枝，要求在发展外交政策上合作,9,3）“Merry”,as you may know,has two meanings:happy and drunk.你可能知道“MERRY”有两层意思：快乐和醉酒。Altho
7、ugh I dont visit it often now,it was once the center of my life.尽管我现在不常去那儿，但那里曾经一度是我生活的中心。,10,e.Advantages of literal translation,Being faithful to the original in ideological content.Reflecting the scene and flavor of the foreign country concernedAbsorbing some exotic expressions./Loan words,borrow
8、ed words,11,2.Liberal Translation,Liberal translation is to reproduce the original logic or image and acquire the artistic effect equivalent to the original by means of self-developed(newly-created)forms,when the content of the SL is in contradiction with the form of the TL.A free translator can cha
9、nge the original works figures of speech,sentence structures or patterns,but he can not make addition or omission of the original meaning at will.He should make the implied meaning known to the TL readers.,12,几种需要意译的情况：,1包含典故的文化习语：It rains cats and dogs.大雨滂沱。Last night I heard him driving his pigs i
10、nto market.昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。Talk of the devil and he will appear.说曹操，曹操就到。,13,2必须按照汉语的语言习惯表达.Every dog has his day.人人都有得意的日子。One boy is a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys no boy.一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。,14,3适当调整、转换。Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分A virtuous wife is a mans best prize.妻贤夫祸少。Don
11、t cross the bridge till you get to it.不要担心太早；不必自寻烦恼；到了桥边才过桥。,15,Advantages and disadvantages of liberal translation,16,Relation between literal&liberal translation,two means of translation；both attach much more importance to the TL versions faithfulness,17,the difference：how the translator treats th
12、e linguistic form the literal translation school：a translator should be faithful than smoothfree translation school:a translator should be smooth than faithful.直译 the exotic flavor of the original work意译 the communicative effect of the translated works直译 is a kind of semantic trans,and 意译 a kind of
13、communicative trans.(Newmark),18,直译和意译的比较：三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。Wits of three cobblers combined equal those of Zhu Geliang,our master mind.As wise as Solomn,19,直译法和意译法相结合:1.Theres no pot so ugly it cant find a lid.Literal:再丑的罐儿也不愁配个盖儿。Or,罐儿再丑，配个盖儿不犯愁。Free:再丑的姑娘也不愁找不到婆家。Or，丑女不愁嫁。2.Little fish does not eat big
14、fish.Literal:小鱼吃不了大鱼。Free：胳膊拧不过大腿。,20,3.Every life has its roses and thorns.Literal 人生道路既铺满鲜花，又布满荆棘。Free 生活总是有苦有乐。4.He was a dead shot.However,he met his Waterloo this time.Literal 他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭遇了滑铁卢。Free 他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭到惨败。,21,2)Literal translation and free translation are complementary to each oth
15、er.A successful translation is usually a combination of both methods,and both methods ought to be adopted in a flexible and realistic way.,22,3)A good translation is a combination of free trans and literal trans.,23,Discussion,English Version:Mao Tse-tung was well bred,but inside he was made of stee
16、l,of hard resistance,of tough tissue the kind of tissue the Boxers thought they had by magic,and bared their solar plexuses to foreign bullets.Chinese Version A:毛泽东有很好的教养，内部是钢，有坚强的抗力，是坚韧的材料制成的：这是义和团设想的由于神力具有的、可以把腹部袒露给外国人的子弹的那种材料。Chinese Version B:毛泽东教养有素，精神支柱铁铸钢打，不怕高压，是由坚韧的组织构成的。这种组织，就是义和拳认为他们通过魔法得到
17、的那种组织袒胸露体，刀枪不入。Chinese Version C:毛泽东看似温文尔雅，但内心深处却钢铸铁打，既坚韧，又抗压在他的身上可以看到当年义和团自信所具有的那种神力，面对洋枪洋炮也敢袒胸露怀,24,rendered the metaphor the essence tackle amplification，omission，conversion and restructuring Revised Version：毛泽东外表温文尔雅，实际绵里藏针，既刚强，又坚韧从他身上可以看到当年义和团自信所具有的那种神力，面对洋枪洋炮也敢袒胸露怀。,25,Summary,The key point fo
18、r a translator to grasp is to comprehend the original thoroughly,and then put it into idiomatic Chinese.In the process of translation,specific approaches may be of some help.In the application of literal translation，we should endeavor to rid ourselves of stiff patterns and rigid adherence to translation rules，trying to be flexible；while in the practice of free translation，we should be cautious of subjectivity，avoiding groundless affirmation or arbitrary fabrication.,26,Feedback,
