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1、第四节 英语修辞格,修辞格是提高表达效果的语言艺术。恰当使用能是语言表述形象生动、活泼感人，给人以美的享受。包括：音韵、词义、句式三种修辞格。,1.音韵修辞格,def:利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。Onomatopoeia(拟声),Alliteration(头韵),Assonance(部分谐音)The cart rattled down the street.(拟声)二轮马车发着嘎嘎的声音沿街驶过。His great gaunt figure filled the cabin door.（头韵）他高大枯瘦的身影塞满了木板小屋的门。,2.词义修辞格,Simile(明喻),metaphor
2、(隐喻),allusion(暗引)He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.（明喻）他就像是一只公鸡，认为太阳升起是为了听他的打鸣。Time is money.时间就是金钱。（隐喻）Hes a real Don Juan/hwa:n/.（暗引）他真是个风流浪子。,Metonymy(借代)，transferred epithet(移就)The world knows his worth.全世界都知道他的价值。He threw a nervous glance at his brother.他紧张的朝他兄弟瞥
3、了一眼。,Personification(拟人),hyperbole(夸张)The thirsty soil drank in the rain.干燥的土壤大口大口地喝着雨水。I havent seen you for ages.好久不见了。,Irony(反语),euphemism(委婉语),It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.要是早上不知道是什么时间那才爽呢。Marys mother is in a family way.玛丽的妈妈有喜了。,Pun(双关),The wounde
4、d captive,an enemy high-ranking officer,lies before the doctor.受伤的俘虏是敌人的高级军官，他躺在医生的面前对医生撒谎。,Oxymoron(矛盾修辞法)，zeugma(轭式搭配法)，contrast(对比),Writing is busy idleness.写作是忙碌的消遣。Yesterday he had a blue coat and heart.他昨天身着蓝色上衣，心情忧郁。United we stand,divided we fall.和则两利，分则俱亡。,3.句式修辞格,Repetition(反复)I have writt
5、en in bed and written out of it,written day and night.我卧床写，起床写；白天写，晚上也写。,Antithesis(对偶),He climbed the stairs,took off his clothes and fell into bed.他爬上楼梯，脱下衣服，便一头倒在床上。,Climax(层递),Since concord was lost,friendship was lost,loyalty was lost,liberty was lost,all was lost.既然失去了和睦，也就失去了友谊，失去了忠诚，失去了自由，失去
6、了一切。,英语修辞格的翻译,直译 There are a lot of good heads in the university.这所拥有许多优秀的头脑。（提喻法）加注 He is another Shylock.他是又一个夏洛克。(注：夏洛克是莎士比亚的威尼斯商人中的一个非常刻薄吝啬的商人。),释义 The ham sandwich is waiting for his check.那位买火腿三明治的顾客正在等候结账。（转喻）归化 Sometimes a person who presents himself as kind and gentle can in private turn ou
7、t to be a dragon,who breath fire.有时，某人在公共场合，显得和蔼可亲，温文尔雅，而在私下里却像个凶神恶煞。,切分 She lost heart and necklace at a ball.在一次舞会上，她倾心爱上了一个人，但却丢失了她的项链。数种译法并用 It is our relation to circumstances that determines their influence over us.The same wind that carries one vessel into port may blow another off shore.我们和环
8、境的关系决定环境对我们的影响。同样的风，能把一条船送进港口，也能把另一条船刮离海岸。（英语metaphor（隐喻）汉语采用直译和划分）,英文原文无修辞格，翻译成汉语时用修辞格 He dragged on his second shoe.He was shivering violently and his jaw shook as he spoke.他穿上另一只鞋，浑身像筛糠似的哆嗦，说话时上下牙齿在打战。（译文使用明喻及暗喻）The kid was scared speechless by the thunder.那个孩子被雷声吓的呆若木鸡。（译文使用明喻）,Thats the end,Thank you for listening!,
