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1、2023/8/7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,1,Chapter Phonetics,外语系 张Andy,2023/8/7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,2,Chapter Phonetics,1.Definition 2.Branches 3.Phonetic Description 4.Phonetic Transcription5.Phonetic Classification,2023/8/7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,3,1.Definition,Phonetics is the study of speech sou
2、nds as they are and methods for their description,transcription and classification.,2023/8/7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,4,2.Branches,The study falls into three main areas:articulatory phonetics,acoustic phonetics and auditory phonetics.,Figure 1 The process of speech transmission,2023/8/7,Linguistics:
3、A Coursebook,5,3.Phonetic Description,Lips,teeth,tongue(tip,blade,front,back,root)teeth ridge(alveolus),hard palate,soft palate,uvula,pharynx,larynx,vocal fold(cords),trachea(windpipe),lung.,Figure 2 Speech organs,2023/8/7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,6,4.Phonetic Transcription,Segment and divergenceInt
4、ernational Phonetic Alphabet(IPA)Coarticulation,2023/8/7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,7,4.1 Segment and divergence,Segment:any linguistic unit in a sequence which may be isolated from the rest of the sequence,e.g.a sound in an utterance or a letter in a written text.(Feasibility)Divergence:between sound
5、s and symbols(necessity),2023/8/7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,8,4.2 International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA),History and development:1886,1888,1897,1920s,1993,1996.Main principle:there should be a separate letter for each distinctive sound,and the same symbol should be used for that sound in any language i
6、n which it appears.Table of IPA(on Page 38 of the textbook),2023/8/7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,9,4.3 Coarticulation,Coarticulation:the influence on a sound by its neighbors e.g.cap kap can kan The vowel in the second word is nasalized,thus marked with“”above.Broad and narrow transcriptions:without or
7、 with diacritics e.g.can kan(broad)can kan(narrow),_,_,_,2023/8/7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,10,5.Phonetic Classification,Vowels and consonants Classification of consonants Classification of vowels,2023/8/7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,11,5.2 Classification of consonants,Table 1 A chart of English consona
8、nts,2023/8/7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,12,5.3 Classification of vowels,Monophthongs(pure vowels)and diphthongs(vowel glides)Tongue rising:open(low),half-open(mid-low),half-close(mid-high),closeRaised part:front,central,backTenseness(length):tense(long),lax(short)Lip rounding:rounded,unrounded,2023/8/
9、7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,13,5.3 Classification of vowels,2023/8/7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,14,References,Roach,P.English Phonetics and Phonology.2nd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1991.Robins,R.H.General Linguistics.4th ed.London:Longman,1989.Saussure.F.de.Course in General Linguistics.(tr.W.Baskin)Glasgow:Collins,1989.何善芬.实用英语语音.北京:北京师范大学出版,1992.胡壮麟.语言学教程.(修订版).北京:北京大学出版社,2001.胡壮麟.语言学教程.(第三版).北京:北京大学出版社,2006.,2023/8/7,Linguistics:A Coursebook,15,The End,外语系 张Andy,
